Abstract
This paper explores the theme of alienation in Canadian Literature. It claims that alienation is a process and comes to qualify this with the use of examples. It profiles Philip in "As for me and my house" and James in "Fall on Your Knees".

From the Paper
"Alienation in various forms is a common theme in many works of Canadian literature. It ranges form general feelings of isolation to mild discontentment with the community to total alienation from everyone including the individual themselves. Each type of alienation can be seen as a loss or perceived loss. For example, general feelings of isolation associated with living in isolated communities seem to alienate characters from the rest of the world. Mild discontentment with isolated communities ultimately results in individuals becoming isolated from the rest of the community, their friends and even their families. Alienation from family and friends ultimately leads to a ..."

Tags:alienation, canadian, literature

Abstract
This paper explains that much French-Canadian literature, especially the more early forms, had geographic themes; even when many of the writers began moving into the cities, they used their new environment as a foundation for their works. The author points out, that Albert Laberge wrote about rural life, but in a negative fashion, contrary to most literary artists of his time; where previous rural novels included idyllic characters and surroundings in an environment of socio-moral ascension, Laberge saw humans as snared in a world of misery and mediocrity, leading to moral and social decay. This paper relates that, in the last few decades, French-Canadian literature has become globalized with the inclusion of ethnic writers immigrating from Italy, Haiti, and China.

From the Paper
"Patrice Lacombe wrote Paternal Ground in 1846, the very first "novel of the ground", as it later was called. This theme of the strong relationship with the land dominated French Canadian literature for nearly a century. Lacombe's work relates the despondency of a rural family following their youngest son's decision to leave home to travel abroad. The older son tries to keep the farm going, but loses it through bad business decisions. The father tries to work in the city, but is desolate. Fortunately, the young son returns with enough money to buy new land, and the family is safe once again."

Tags:multiculturalism, rural, immigration, land, explorers

Abstract
This paper reviews three novels by Canadian women authors as a way to compare and contrast their writing styles, and how these styles work to convey the complex relations of mothers and daughters. All three stories, (Hetty Dorval, The Swamp Angel, The Fire-Dwellers) deal with issues of language, silence, and the value of symbols and metaphors to express what is often inexpressible for women. This essay explores these themes through the writing of the authors, Ethel Wilson and Margaret Laurence, who portray a relation of writer with subject, where the ambiguities of understanding women in society become a shared project of story and writing.

Abstract
This paper discusses how a community generates literature that reflects its own attitudes and values and how literature simultaneously moulds community, and reflects it. It consider these interacting influences within the context of Sophocles' "Oedipus the King," as well as within the context of modern Canadian literature and culture. The paper also discusses this in the context of the writer's own experience of cultural community.

From the Paper
"One of these distinctly Canadian discourses may be said to be the discourse of sport, and particularly of hockey. As one theorist put it, "The rituals of sport engage more people in a shared experience than any other institution or cultural activity today." (Varda Burstyn, The Rites of Men, quoted in Coakley and Donnelly, 1) Watching hockey together has become a symbolic action that unites Canadians. Interestingly, sport as a component of ideology and community building is highlighted in John B. Lee's poetry collection, The Hockey Player Sonnets: Overtime Edition. Lee succeeds in making clear a significant aspect of Canadian hockey-related mythology, albeit one that is primarily white and male."

Tags:rhetoric, ideology, sport, nationalism

Abstract
The paper briefly outlines what entities such as the BPIDP (Book Publishing Industry Development Program) and the Canada Council for the Arts do for the book publishing industry and its writers in this country. Among other things, the following several pages outline how an organization such as BPIDP has allowed the sector to grow, perhaps despite itself. The paper also examines how the Canada Council of the Arts through subsidizing talented artists, allows Canadian literature to remain flourishing in the face of many challenges.

From the Paper
"How would the absence of (public) funding change publishing in Canada? The absence of funding would have a deleterious effect upon Canadian publishing because the publishing sector in this country is only viable if it receives outside help."

Tags:canadian, publishing, funding

Abstract
The paper describes a Canadian publisher's need to rationalize or sell a 30 year-old firm, and explores the solutions arriving in an international marketing focus towards niche markets. The paper ignores traditional paradigms of Canadian publishing in conflict with U.S. competitors. The paper explores the literature on how Canadian literature is to be seen as a global cultural commodity that requires strategic marketing.

From the Paper
"Globalization harshly affects businesses that are marginal or rely on environmental factors as in Spaulding Publishing's retention of government contracts. In keeping with other Canadian publishing firms, the company was used to running at profits of about 2%. (Keim & Jenkins: 2001:1) Under Canadian law, no more than 25% of the firm could be sold to a foreign buyer and with the only likely purchaser an American conglomerate. The relatively small Canadian market has always challenged Canadian publishers..."

Tags:canada, business, marketing

Abstract
Upon initial review, the task of comparing and contrasting the formulation of African Canadian identity in Dionne Brand's No Language is Neutral and George Elliott Clarke's Whylah Falls is undeniably challenging. In the works of both poets the representation of what it means to be African Canadian is extraordinarily disparate and complex. In this analysis, as this essay will argue, the common theme which defines both poets' representation of African Canadian identity is that of "exile". As will be seen, both writers are, to a remarkable degree, poets of place. As suggested in the epigraph from Brand above, it is through geographic and metaphoric "place" that one defines oneself. From this perspective, to be "African Canadian" for each poet is to "make sense" through multiple places, with an identity that resists easy reduction to essentialist models and, instead, is defined by diversity and multiple origins.

From the Paper
The Formulation of African Canadian Identity in No Language is Neutral and Whylah Falls "this is where you make sense" (Brand "Hard Against the Soul" 4) Upon initial review, the task of comparing and contrasting the formulation of African Canadian identity in Dionne Brand's No Language is Neutral and George Elliott Clarke's Whylah Falls is undeniably challenging. In the works of both poets the representation of what it means to be African Canadian is extraordinarily disparate and complex. In this analysis, as this essay will argue, the common theme which defines both poets'

Tags:canada, african, literature

Abstract
This paper explores how to properly orient Canadian undergraduate students who are to read Indian Muslim novels in English, as distinct from other English-medium work from South Asia. The paper addresses how to impart the Indian Muslim cultural heritage; how it differs from much believed about Islam or Indian Muslims in the present and the need for full historical orientation.

From the Paper
"To introduce an item of Islamic literature in present-day North America promises ample student misunderstanding due to the sway of media propaganda and wide scale ignorance of Islam as a varied phenomenon. (See Lindblom 2003) When preparing first classes for undergraduates who will read South Asian novels by Indian Muslim authors, one needs to expect low general knowledge, inspired to see how exposure to Indian Muslim literature can produce better understanding and curiosity to do with an Islamic world at least as varied as its Christian or other counterparts."

Tags:indian muslim, literature/novels, how to teach

Abstract
The writer discusses that although many Canadians are proud of living in the only country in the world that embraces multiculturalism as an official policy, the truth of the matter seems to be that many minorities still experience racist discrimination in various spheres of Canadian life. This literature review examines the literature on the subject of racism in Canadian education, to ascertain whether racism is in fact a problem in Canadian schools. A good place to start the literature review is to look at the broad picture of racism in Canada, and in particular at the theoretical concepts and discourses that have been used to examine this issue.

From the Paper
"Beiser et al. researched the effects and levels of stressors facing refugee Southeast Asian children in their new Canadian schools. They point out that many other studies have concluded that one of the most intense stresses such children have to cope with is the stress of fitting into these schools."

Tags:racism, education, canada

Abstract
The paper looks at the literature regarding gang violence and other forms of organized crime in British Columbia. The paper discusses how the rise in the reported incidence of crimes coincides with the increase and variation in immigration. The paper also examines the steps Canada has taken to address this issue and concludes that gang violence is a concern that has repercussions to the overall health of the Indo-Canadian community, the Lower Mainland and British Columbia as well as the rest of Canada. The paper recommends that programs be developed to truly address the pertinent issues that gang violence has brought to the Indo-Canadian community. The paper includes figures and graphs.

Outline:
Introduction
Review of Related Literature
Discussion
Recommendations
Community Actions and Programs
Conclusion

From the Paper
"According to recent studies in the British Columbia area, crime incidence is growing most among aboriginal and immigrant population of the region (Besla et al, 2005). One of the key reasons attributed to this trend are pressures of urbanization and integration. Their investigations revealed that many of the incidences of crime involved illegal drugs, organized crime, juveniles and minorities. Experts believe that among the mentioned crime trends, one of the things that should be focused on is the development of organized crime groups because they have the potential of proliferating crime more than anything else."

Tags:immigration, juvenile, delinquency, organized, crime