Abstract
This paper addresses this question in terms of both Canadian laws governing child pornography on the Internet, and the role of these laws in terms of wider international legislation and norms in this area. It will be argued that the key problem related to Canadian child pornography legislation and the Internet is not so much a need for stronger laws, but rather the enforcement of those that currently exist.

Tags:canadian legislation, pornography

Abstract
This paper is oriented towards Canadian legislation against Internet child pornography and as this general cause has affected federal government policy governing the registration and other regulation of Internet providers and users, in addition to interpretations of criminal offences which pertain to pornography and how they can be investigated.

Abstract
This paper discusses how the Canadian National Transportation Act of 1967 was seen by some as revolutionary. Certainly, it initiated a period of substantial legislative reform, and in the long term - substantial deregulation of the transport sector. This paper examines the legislative reform that has taken place in Canada since the passing of the National Transportation Act of 1967. The paper also pays attention to the Freedom to Move Plan, the 1987 National Transportation Act, the 1987 Motor Vehicle Transport Act, the 1993 National Transportation Act Review Commission, the 1994 paper entitled "New Directions for Transportation," the 1996 Canada Transportation Act, and the Review Panel of 2000.

Tags:rail, regulations, transport

Abstract
This paper discusses how Canada's hospitality industry is expecting the implementation of another round of patchwork anti-smoking laws that will inevitably lead to a lopsided playing field, while further punishing establishments in municipalities such as Toronto that had made significant investments glassed-in ventilated smoking areas, as per earlier rounds of municipal legislation. Along with different approaches to enforcement and arguments over exceptions, the hospitality industry continues to pay the price in this game of political football that fails to recognize international realities.

Tags:smoking, legislation, hospitality

Abstract
This paper discusses the criticism that the Canadian Constitution doesn't addresse the rules needed to govern, specifically within the legislature. The paper then analyzes specific examples of this issue, such as the merit system of employment. The paper also discusses the Constitution's allowance of corruption among bureaucrats.

From the Paper
"The merit system of employment, for example, is supposed to be controlled by the Public Service Commission in order to help ensure that every person appointed to a public service job has the necessary experience, education, skills, and competencies. Politically, it has been assumed that the merit system is a major protection against nepotism. In actuality, however, public employees are often doubtful about whether this is the case. Many people do not believe that the staffing in the public service is conducted in a fair, manner and their confidence in the workings of the government is compromised."

Tags:government, legislation democracy parliament, public servants

Abstract
This paper discusses the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (hereafter referred to as the Charter's is part of the Constitution Act, 1982) and is fundamental legislation used by the Canadian courts to protect the human rights of Canadian citizens. The paper discusses how like all legislation, the Charter is complex and may be interpreted in different ways. Over the years, the courts have been charged with attempting to interpret it in the best interests of Canadians.

Tags:canada, charter, courts

Abstract
Canada has attempted to outlaw sexual discrimination against women by means of legislation such as the Bill of Rights and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. However, it is argued in this essay that discrimination against Canadian women persists, as can be shown by looking at research in key areas, such as domestic labor, poverty and homelessness, and the workplace. This essay will argue that prejudice against women persists, with reference to several articles that argue this point, while focusing on different aspects of discrimination against women. This essay will argue t

From the Paper
Sexual Discrimination against Canadian Women Canada has attempted to outlaw sexual discrimination against women by means of legislation such as the Bill of Rights and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. However, it is argued in this essay that discrimination against Canadian women persists, as can be shown by looking at research in key areas, such as domestic labor, poverty and homelessness, and the workplace. This essay will argue that prejudice against women persists, with reference to several articles that argue this point, while focusing on different aspects of discrimination against women. It is necessary to first be clear on the term "sexual discrimination."

Tags:women, canada, discrimination

Abstract
This paper explains that Section D33 (S33) of the "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" permits Parliament or the provincial legislatures to over-ride some portions of the Charter so that legislation of the kind is automatically subject to an incoming government's review or cancellation. The author points out that S33 is viewed as a brokering mechanism, a kind of bridge between British and American models of constitutional law. The paper relates that S33 stresses the right of the people to demonstrate their opposition to policies produced through the legal process that do not comply with the people's values or preferences. The author remarks that, in this legislation, one sees a Canada grounded in both rights and obligations and the wish for elected representatives to shape development more.

From the Paper
"For instance, in the months that gay marriage was debated in Ottawa, there was no progress made on dozens of large Aboriginal land claims in Canada that may prove of greater moral interest to millions of Canadians. The rights and ambitions of a gay Canadian minority within a minority, in gay Canadians wishing to marry and able to afford the costs of a marriage, were placed at the top of the Supreme Court's agenda. This can be seen as merely part of Canada's shift towards a 'constitutional' democracy."

Tags:anti-terrorism, over-ride, bridge, opposition, gay

Abstract
This paper critically examines Canadian law - both criminal justice law and broader policy legislation - with respect to the issue of racism. Through this process, the paper confronts the popular myth that while Canadian laws may have possessed racist elements in the past, in contemporary Canada the law mandates and supports anti-racist policies and practices. In this context, the paper shows that there is actually an extraordinary degree of continuity in the underlying fundamentals of Canadian law with respect to issue of race.

From the Paper
"This essay will critically examine Canadian law - both criminal justice law and broader policy legislation - with respect to the issue of racism. Through this process, the paper will interrogate the popular myth that while Canadian laws may have possessed racist elements in the past, in contemporary Canada the law mandates and supports anti-racist policies and practices. In this context, the thesis will be argued - from within the theoretical framework of democratic racism - that there is actually an..."

Tags:racism, canada, history

Abstract
This paper notes that Canada is renowned for its enthusiastic attitude towards international trade and its involvement in organizations, such as the WTO, NAFTA and other regional trading blocs. The paper then explains that this attitude has been tempered recently, however, due to concerns over the validity of such free trade agreements. The author points out that, even though existing free trade agreements are insufficient because of issues of environmental corruption, favor towards U.S. domestic policies and an openness to legislative misinterpretation, in the growing environment of globalization, it is apparent that, for Canada, international trade is here to stay. The paper states that it is undeniable that the U.S. is a powerful ally for Canada and that a positive relationship must be maintained despite political, social and economic problems.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Canadian Enthusiasm for International Trade
Free Trade Agreements Seem Confusing - What are they All About?
Legislation Concerns: Doesn't NAFTA Benefit the U.S. more than Canada?
Should Canada-U.S. Trade Relations even be Encouraged?
What about Environmental Issues?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"However, NAFTA was initially embraced by the Canadians for a number of reasons. It gave a more comprehensive definition of investment than the Canada-U.S. FTA. Unlike this former agreement, it also applied to sub-national governments and municipalities on top of national governments. It was also much clearer on issues such as establishing a mechanism for the settlement of investment disputes, outlining procedures and time frames for claims, the process of appointing tribunal members and the issuing and enforcing of awards."

Tags:protectionism, ally, nafta, globalization, misinterpretation