Abstract
The writer discusses that water exportation has emerged as a serious matter for the Canadian government as the United States begins to cast covetous eyes northward. With that in mind, this paper looks at the environmental values in play, at the various government institutions at the heart of the matter, at the agencies/departments involved and at the relative strength of the present policy and what environmental policy tools were most likely used in its crafting. In the end, the writer notes that what should emerge from this study is the recognition that Canada may not have a perfect strategy, but at least a strategy of some kind is in place. The writer concludes that while the future is obviously still to be determined, Canada at least has a workable legislative framework in place to protect its water reserves.

Outline:
Environmental Values
Relevant (Government) Institutions
Pertinent Government Agencies/Departments
Relevant Organizations
The Quality of the Decision and the Environmental Policy Tools Used
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In any case, the 2002 amendments do follow a general pattern of greater federal involvement in the issue. For instance, the 2002 measure delineated above is actually an extension of prior amendments brought into effect the preceding year whereby the International Boundary Waters Treaty Act was modified in such a way that "bulk" water removal from the Canadian parts of the boundary waters - chiefly the Great Lakes - would no longer be permitted. Finally, a still-earlier report from March of 2000 (jointly written by the Canadian and American governments) entitled, Protection of the Waters of the Great Lakes, mandates that water removal from the Great Lakes should not proceed unless it can be satisfactorily proved that the ecosystem of the Great Lakes Basin will not be harmed. All in all, Ottawa has asserted itself on this matter and made it clear that it will use its legislative purview to establish laws protecting Canada's freshwater deposits; simultaneously, the Canadian government - as the chief international negotiator acting on behalf of all Canadians - has made a concerted effort to join with its American counterparts in deploring and discouraging the mass export of water from vulnerable boundary areas."

Tags:exportation, environmental, reserves, natural, resources

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the issue of water exportation in Canada. The writer discusses the related environmental issues and the government institutions that are involved in this matter. Further, the writer discusses the current policies in this regard. The writer concludes with the recognition that Canada may not have a perfect strategy, but at least a strategy of some kind in place.

From the Paper
"Water exportation has emerged as a serious matter for the Canadian government as the United States begins to cast covetous eyes northward. With that in mind, the next several pages will look at the environmental values in play, at the various government institutions at the heart of the matter, at the agencies/departments involved, and at the relative strength of the present policy and what environmental policy tools were most likely used in its crafting."

Tags:Canada, water, exports

Abstract
The next few pages will argue that Canada really should export its water to the United States (and elsewhere) because this country has a moral obligation to do so, it will boost Canada's standing internationally (always an important factor when it comes to matters of diplomacy), the Canadian provinces have the legal prerogative under NAFTA to "name their price," water has the potential to be an extraordinarily lucrative resource in the long-term and there is no reason why this nation has to bear the bulk of the development costs. In the final analysis it is a tremendous opportunity.

From the Paper
Research Proposal: Why Canada Should Export Water Statement of Proposal The paper emerging from this proposal will look at the issue of managing water supply at a time when there is increasing demand for it. Specifically, this paper will look at whether or not Canadian leaders and policy-makers should allow for the exportation of the nation's water reservoirs in the face of growing US pressure for access to those water resources. Ultimately, I believe that Canada should submit to the inevitable and export its fresh-water southward - for reasons that range from moral and diplomatic ones, to legal and (maybe above all else)

Tags:canada, water, exportation

Abstract
This paper looks at two primary issues concerning water in Canada. One is the quality of the drinking water, and the other is the sale of bulk water to the United States. Both of these issues will be covered here.

Abstract
This paper explains that, in the Canadian-U.S.A. softwood lumber dispute, Washington objected to the low Canadian lumber prices; whereas, the provinces of Canada saw their role as regulating lumbering so that the mainly Crown lands on which it takes place are maintained ecologically well. The author points out that the 2006 agreement removed the tariff on Canadian softwood, but also established export taxes that will kick into place should the price of lumber drop too low, thus preventing Canadian exporters from "dumping" or selling lumber in the United States at prices less than what goods cost to produce. The paper stresses that Canada like many Third World countries, is a raw material exporter, subjected to prices and rulings made elsewhere and with whole local or even national economies revolving around particular commodities and their related industries.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Canada's Objectives
The British Columbia Lumber Trade Council
Concluding Notes

From the Paper
"Critics said that there should be no duty paid by Canadian forestry companies, in the first place, that Americans either wanted to buy lumber that they could not produce in the United States to keep up with demand, or they did not. A Duke University expert on international economic law wrote that the 2005 negotiations that have gone before the present Softwood Lumber Agreement of 2006 involved Washington being made aware of having reacted too quickly to the earlier situation. Some Americans realized that they were on 'thin ice' in terms of the position taken against Canadian producers of lumber, by suddenly charging tariffs, in view of the NAFTA."

Tags:nafta, tariffs, globalization, materials, dumping

Abstract
A thematic paper opposing the prospect of a Canadian water exporting business due to strong ecological concerns, misconceptions as to fresh water supplies, and the need for environmental polices to correct existing pollution and other damage. Opposition to exporting fresh water is substantiated by course materials towards conclusion stressing the need to promote cultural attitudes of Protecting domestic water supplies that are not endless or renewable; mention of GATT inducements and the mentality of globalization towards quick-profit ventures that can cause much harm.

From the Paper
"A neo-liberal view of the North American environment would suggest that Canadian water resources are in endless supply, are poorly managed and should be exported for profit. This naive outlook reflects the capitalist mindset of Globalization as much as it should point to now global shortages of fresh water as will tempt investors in what could become a flurry of Canadian water exporting ventures. This paper explains some of why such ventures are not to be recommended despite high demand for fresh water in several parts of the world in the 21 century and with a leap in population levels to promise ongoing high demand."

Tags:water, supply, exports

Abstract
The paper discusses how as they have engaged in debates over the question of whether Canada should export water, government officials and policymakers in Ottawa have been considering the political, economic, diplomatic, legal and moral issues involved. The paper explains that increasing American pressure for access to Canadian water reservoirs has been and continues to one of the primary political and diplomatic reasons why the Canadian government is striving to resolve this matter.

From the Paper
"As they have engaged in debates over the question of whether Canada should export water, government officials and policymakers in Ottawa have been considering the political, economic, diplomatic, legal and moral issues involved. Increasing American pressure for access to Canadian water reservoirs has been and continues to one of the primary political and diplomatic reasons why the Canadian government is striving to resolve this..."

Tags:canada, water, export

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at whether or not exporting water from Canada is desirable. In addition to the environmental dangers inherent in exporting water south of the border, this paper examines the chronic mismanagement of Canada's water supply by government officials and looks at why the "old" concepts of conservation and "commons theory" are still applicable today.

From the Paper
"Ultimately, drawing only from our course notes and readings, this paper raises a strong case that water exportation should not proceed - or at least not until Canada has done a better job of protecting its own drinking water."

Tags:water, exportation

Abstract
The paper looks at Mitchell's volume (2004) and moves on to varied sources to explain why Canada should not allow bulk sales of water to the USA.

From the Paper
"From time to time, American interests have expressed interest in purchasing Canadian water resources that according to an American cost-benefit point of view, Canadians would automatically favour as income from a resource of which Canada has a relatively large surplus. In fact, Reid Kreutzwiser & Rob de Loe described the 1999 suit filed by Sun Belt Water Inc. of California against the Government of Canada since the latter had invoked the investor protector provisions of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to block water by tanker from British Columbia to..."

Tags:cda, usa, water sales, refutes