Abstract
This paper looks at the system used in how to make tiles and also what capital, and business requirements would be needed to set up a tile making company in the New Jersey region.

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the creation of ceramics is a form of art that some describe as an art and some a craft, though how this is applied may depend on the nature of the work under discussion and the degree of artistry with which it has been designed. The writer discusses Brenda McMahon, a noted ceramic artist who works at her studio in Greenwich, New York. The writer points out that she is also noted as a teacher who guides others in how to express themselves through ceramics. The writer concludes that the works produced by McMahon are inventive and varied, with designs that are often created by the Saggar process itself rather than through the conscious action of the artist, though this does not make them any less artful. This paper includes color photographs of some of Brenda McMahon's works.

From the Paper
" The study of art in different media is important to understanding the shaping of a specific craft like ceramics. For one thing, an understanding of a broad range of types and media of artistic expression helps develop an aesthetic sense that understands design and the relationship of one element in a design to others. It becomes possible then not only to see the parts and how they fit into the whole, it is also possible to see how the whole fits into broader traditions both historic and aesthetic. The individual can begin to see relationships extending outside the work of art itself, and these relationships also help to explain the work of art and link it to other expressions in other media."

Tags:pottery, expression, saggar-fired, porcelain

Abstract
This paper explores the character of Esther Greenwood in Sylvia Plath's "Bell Jar." The paper focuses on Esther as a woman and discusses gender roles, their causes and their repercussions. The paper argues that Sylvia Plath speaks out in "Bell Jar;" publicizing the effects of society's maddening restrictions placed on women.

From the Paper
"Through her narrative, Esther was continually at battle with the social definitions of women. However, she ultimately does not want to transgress the boundaries by being overtly sexual like Doreen nor does she desire to be the overly masculinized, independent career woman Jay Cee is."

Tags:bell, esther, greenwood, jar, madness, plath

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the use of symbolism in Sylvia Plath's 'The Bell Jar'. In particular, the writer looks at the dual symbol of electrocution and electro-convulsive shock therapy. The writer studies the novel's fixation on the execution of the Rosenbergs.

From the Paper
"Edgar Roberts states that objects and descriptions that are not universal symbols can be symbols only if they are made so within individual stories. Certainly this is the case with the dual symbol of electrocution as a means of executing a guilt offender and the use of electro-convulsive shock therapy for depression and suicidal ideation in Sylvia Plath's novel "The Bell Jar". This analysis will explore the connection between Plath's early fixation with the execution of the Rosenbergs via electrocution and ..."

Tags:Sylvia Plath, The Bell Jar, symbolism, Rosenbergs, electrocution, shock therapy

Abstract
This paper will explore the development of the representation of the human figure on classical Greek ceramics. Given the sheer range and scope of the production in question, discussion will be focused on the tradition of the representation of human figures upon Athenian ceramics in particular. As will be seen, this limitation is not entirely arbitrary. While Greek pottery was dominated by Corinthian production for much of its early history, as Athens grew in commercial and political importance it began to dominate the market for ceramics in the Greek world. From about the sixth century BC onwards, it will be argued, the representation of the human figure upon Athenian pottery grew increasingly sophisticated in both technique and theme. As will be seen, gradually the rigid poses and mythological themes yielded to figures and scenes more reflective of the everyday life of the population. This increasing sophistication, to some extent, reflects the prosperity of the Athenian industry and its capacity to bring in artists from outside Athens whose talents were to transform Greek ceramics.

Abstract
In this paper, the writer examines the historical stylistic bridge that Korea represented in ceramics from China and then to Japan. The writer discusses that this style bridge formed through the evolution of ceramics that were often taken from China through what is known as Baekje period, and were then exported to Japan. The writer maintains that the exportation of Chinese ceramics into Korea during the 4th century helped to create a tradition that would slowly become far less ornate and less representative of the style of the "motherland" that had created a solid template for other cultures in the region.

From the Paper
"This style of ceramics often portrayed Chinese visual of animals or wildlife, but would invariably be more functional and utilitarian than the Chinese styles. However, the line quality of decoration and the shape of these ceramics often elude to its Chinese origins, which where then passed down through Korean and into Japan. In essence, Korean ceramics offer a ..."

Tags:japan, pottery

Abstract
This paper relates that Islamic ceramics and pottery have been traced to the 8th century, developing in key Middle Eastern civilization centers such as Iraq, Persia and Syria. The paper specifically looks at how the innovations of that period mark not only the development of the craft but give insights to how cultural and scientific development impact society together.

Outline:
Introduction
Islamic Ceramics and Pottery Traditions
Innovations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"One of the key innovations in Islamic ceramics and pottery is in their glazing methods which allowed for greater utility for incorporation in architecture as well as amalgamation of other raw materials. This was also in part a reaction to the difficulties and variances in kilning requirements due to the more arid climate in Islamic centers of civilization. Innovations in glazing included methods which utilized tin to create opaque finishes and painting with metallic luster. This trend also reached Europe through Spain via the Moors. Islamic ceramists and potters are also credited for the development of stone-paste ceramics which were made from non-refactory fired clay which produced finer texture in earthenware that were in popular use (Fehervari, 2000). "

Tags:art, trade

Abstract
"The Bell Jar" can be seen as a portrait of a uniquely feminist crisis of the self, of the adolescent self in a normal but fragile and frustrating juncture of development, or of modern psychiatry's inability to deal with such a crisis, except in very ineffectual ways. Esther feels conflict as a woman frustrated to choose between masculine professional ideals and maternity, although upon closer analysis her identity conflict becomes even more multi-faceted and fraught, particularly in light of her family and social dynamics. The pressures of modern life, combined with the lack of understanding of the therapeutic community at the time serve to compound rather than alleviate her stress.

From the Paper
"Before her death by her own hand, the poet Sylvia Plath made a 'name' for herself in the contemporary poetic community through such searing poems as "Daddy," an attack upon her stern, beloved German father, and her authorship of such classical poetic volumes as Ariel. (Plath, 1992) However, even before Sylvia Plath garnered such great fame as an American poet, she was also well known as a famous Smith College intern for the now-defunct Mademoiselle magazine. After gaining a coveted job at the popular women's periodical, she attempted to commit suicide after her internship had ended and before the beginning of her senior year of college, resulting in a nationally famous 'manhunt' that ended at the young woman's home. The book The Bell Jar was written under a pseudonym, and as a novel. However, it chronicles many of the external internal conflicts of femininity, adolescent identity, and personality that remain relevant today, as well as the sensational story of Plath's suicide and recovery. The also provides a potent indictment of the ineffectuality of much psychological treatment during the 1960's for both men and women."

Tags:suicide, depression, female, psychology

Abstract
This paper explains that Sylvia Plath in her novel "The Bell Jar" was not just telling a story; she was chronicling the struggles faced by the feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s. The author points out that the feminist movement faced several obstacles that are displayed in this book as problems also faced by Esther; her mother, men and other women represent the stereotypes, elements of disrespect and double standards faced by the feminist movement in the 1950s in which this novel is set. The paper relates that one of the problems faced by Esther is her belief that an independent career woman should not really need a man in her life to feel complete and even feels that she does not want to get married; however, other women press her into believing that a girl needs a man to be a real woman and start treating her differently after Buddy asks her to his school dance.

From the Paper
"Esther's problems with other women do not stop with her classmates though. She also receives pressure to fit a stereotype by Mrs. Willard, Buddy Willard's mother. This is a woman who also encourages the idea that women belong to men and should live to serve them. When she tells both Esther and Buddy that, "What a man is is an arrow into the future and what a woman is is the place the arrow shoots off from."(72), she is not only giving Buddy this idea of what a woman should be but also persuading Esther just where a woman's place is. Marilyn Boyer supports this by arguing that women are held back by what society deems to be their functions, cooking, cleaning, and raising kids. Esther does not want this kind of life, one in which her only purpose is to make a husband happy."

Tags:stereotypes, disrespect, double-standards, mother, independent

Abstract
This papers discuses the methods and procedure used by anthropologists in the discovery of the Uluburun Shipwreck discovery.
Specifically, the paper presents a description of the site, artifacts found and methods used at Uluburun. The paper concludes that, by studying the contents, origins and methods of Mediterranean trading vessels, the scientific community is able to piece together a cohesive picture of Mediterranean cultures circa 1300 B.C.E.

From the Paper
"Many other artifacts were found at the site. These were comprised of personal items, weapons, and mercantile items. Weights for scales were found, which make sense being present on a trading vessel. A ram's horn trumpet was found. This is similar to the modern shofar in the Jewish tradition. Many gold ambulates were found; as well as pectorals, and other jewelry. Much of the gold was in jewelry form, but some was in the scrap form, as a byproduct of jewelry making or simply for later use. Foodstuffs were also found."

Tags:dendochronology, trading vessel, ingots, canaanite ceramic jars, late bronze age