Abstract
This paper explains that criminal acts, which reflect the surrounding society such as assaults, murders, robberies and vandalism, have increased markedly on campuses. Therefore, schools are struggling with whether to continue the policy promoting gun-free schools, which also means that the campus police do not have guns. The author points out that the campus community cannot be so naive as to believe that campus policemen who do not carry handguns can help prevent or crime or protect innocent people; towns people would not want their police not to carry handguns. The paper stresses that campus crimes will not decline if all police officers begin carrying handguns, but the crime rate most assuredly will not decline if they don't either.

From the Paper
"An armed police officer strolling through a college library may at first grip some students with fear, but it is also a comfort and a source of security to know that your safety is someone else's concern as well. Colleges are places of learning and culture because society has cultivated that image. This same image can be torn away through the fear of crime, which has no counterbalance. A college's survival depends on enrollment. If students fear they are not or cannot be protected, it is almost assured enrollment will drop, which will have a cascading effect on every aspect of the college from where students choose to attend to who receives research grants."

Tags:gun-free, naive, fear, enrollment, community

Abstract
This paper examines that which is termed "campus policing". It explores the subject "campus policing" both in historical terms as well as the possible implications in today's world. It also examines and explores the perception that the student and teacher both hold of the campus police officer as well as exploration of the standards or requirements of the police officer employed in the university setting. This work also explores expectations and as to what standard the campus officer is held, by the campus community at-large, as well as the public viewpoint of the campus officer as compared to the expectations of local or country officers in standards of skill, education, training and in the overall role of the officer.

Table of Contents
Preface
Table of Contents
Abstract
List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
Statement of Problem/Thesis
I. Background and History of Campus Policing
II. The Role of Campus Police Officer
III. The Campus Officer's Proper Role
IV. Campus Policing: Related Legislation and Law
V. Perception of Respondents
VI. Department of Public Safety Community Survey
VII. Research Methodology
VIII. Crime: Focus and Concern
IX. Limitations of the Study
X. Community Based Policing Program
Executive Summary
Synopsis
Campus Police Community Survey
Bibliography

From the Paper
"President Bush signed the "Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act", also referred to as "The Clery Act" in 1990. Universities and colleges, that are recipients of federal funding, are required by law to prepare as well as publish and distribute the crime statistics for the institution to students, teachers and faculty. Since that time many reports and studies have been conducted focusing on different aspects of the statistics, the methodology of collection of information, categories of the statistics and other invaluable information.
This paper intends to investigate and research campus policing with a focus on the perception held by constituents, that is; the faculty, teachers and students of the institution, as to the campus police officer in relation to the duties and ratings of the performance of those duties. This study intends to examine specific questions that have been posed in a typewritten survey and distributed to students at Houston Community College as to the System of the police department on the campus and surrounding adjacent areas and the campus neighborhood community."

Tags:community, college, police, student, teacher

Abstract
This paper argues in favor of the presence of police officers in American schools. It looks at the problem of many schools as a locus for violence and gang activity and the purpose of campus police officers.

From the Paper
"Anyone who does not recognize that a number of America's public schools have become a locus for violent criminal and gang activity in recent years is probably not reading a daily newspaper or watching television news..."

Tags:police, schools

Abstract
This paper explains that, although there is a long legacy of criminal incidents and systemic injustices occurring on college campuses;the number of incidences of wild melees, rioting, cheating, hooliganism and serious criminal behavior are increasing greatly on many campuses. The author stresses that, even though more than eight years have passed since Congress first enacted the landmark Campus Security Act of 1990, the scope and magnitude of the problem of crime prevention and justice on campus is still not accurately understood. The paper stresses that, if accountability is to be included in any calculus of guilt or innocence, America's college administrators deserve special mention for their particularly underwhelming record, transforming too often what should resemble an intellectual journey into a life-threatening and too often hair raising tour through Dante's inferno.

Table of Contents
Prologue
Current Trends
Rioting: The New Rage and a Few Familiar Faces
Enforcement Efforts
Is Your School Safe?
Campus Crime: Not Just Numbers
Campus Courts
Campus Police Logs
Definitions Used for Compiling Crime Statistics
Campus Awareness Act of 1990
Background
The Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act
Campus Crime Statistics
Annual Security Reports
Campus Security Procedures and Programs
On-Campus Occurrences of Crime
Occurrences of Crimes Manifesting Evidence of Prejudice ("Hate Crimes")
Study Indicates Widespread Non-Compliance

From the Paper
"Property crimes (which here include only burglary and motor vehicle theft, since these are the only property crimes the Act requires institutions to report) were reported by about two-fifths of the institutions in each of the 3 years. According to 1994 statistics, 37 percent had experienced burglary on campus, while 23 percent reported at least one motor vehicle theft. The percentage of institutions reporting occurrences of violent and property crimes varied greatly by institutional type, whether the institution had campus housing, and the size of the institution. Public 4-year institutions, those with campus housing, and larger institutions were more likely to report occurrences of both violent and property crimes than were other types of institutions. For example, one or more violent crimes were reported by 78 percent of public 4-year institutions, about half of institutions with campus housing, and 84 percent of institutions with 10,000 or more students, compared with 3 percent of for-profit less-than-2-year institutions, 12 percent of institutions without campus housing, and 7 percent of institutions with less than 200 students."

Tags:riots, campus-police, cheating, enforcement, administration

Abstract
The paper relates that colleges and universities experience countless problems and issues that relate to maintaining a safe, secure campus environment. The paper identifies the four primary types of security and police services that are common to the nation's college and university campuses and discusses how security has changed dramatically since September 11th. The paper then discusses how to further these efforts that have been taken, there should be a national agenda on campus safety created that sets forth both short-term and long-term direction.

From the Paper
"Like any other community, colleges and universities experience countless problems and issues that relate to maintaining a safe, secure campus environment for students, faculty, staff, and others. There is also a need to address new issues related to terrorist threats and the effects of September 11, 2001 that have emerged on college and university campuses. In some places threat assessments have named colleges and universities as potential primary targets of terrorist activity (National Summit of Campus Public Safety, 2005).
"The distinctiveness of security and police services on the nation's college and university campuses varies considerably. These variances tend to hold back community policing, collaboration, policy development, training, and other activities while weakening response capabilities to homeland security."

Tags:emergency, management, police, terrorism

Abstract
Schools in the United States are increasingly becoming centers of criminal activities among youth with drug and alcohol use on the rise. Parents, teachers and relevant authorities are concerned about the increasing rate of drug and alcohol use in public schools with substantial increase in violent activities on the school property. To rectify this problem and effectively deal with the issue, Los Angeles Police Department suggested a program in 1983 according to which police and school authorities would work together to curb the rising rate of crime in educational institutions. This resulted in the creation and implementation of Drug Abuse resistance program in schools all over the country. But a decade after its implementation, it was found that while DARE was a popular program; it had failed to produce significant positive results. This made some schools in the country look for alternative programs and in the mid 90s, School Resource Officer program was adopted by some schools in the country.

Tags:school, safety, programs

Abstract
The paper discusses community policing neighborhood watch programs that aim to deter crime in their neighborhoods and identifies the major principles that distinguish community policing from conventional law enforcement. The paper points out the goals of campus watch as well as the impact of community service and volunteering on students. Finally, the paper looks at strategies for university and college campus public safety and highlights the benefits of colleges and universities developing a multidisciplinary crisis management team.

Outline:
Community Policing Neighborhood Watch Programs
Major Principles of the Program
College and University Partnerships
Student Volunteers
Strategies for University and College Campus Public Safety
A Multidisciplinary Approach

From the Paper
"As already stated previously in this review community policing "supports the systematic use of partnerships." (Community Policing Dispatch, 2008) College and university campuses are stated to be a "rich source of volunteers for law enforcement agencies in higher education settings. Despite being an inherently transient population, the university community can help their campus police departments provide valuable crime prevention and public safety services." (VIPS in Focus, 2009) The College of Lake County Illinois reports that the goals of campus watch are: (1) to encourage extensive community involvement in the reduction of crime and criminal activity; (2) to provide a forum for the exchange and coordination on ideas, concepts and strategies to prevent or reduce crime; (3) to educate members of the College community in crime prevention matters; (4) to focus attention on all issues relating to crime prevention; (5) to share with all segments of the campus community and the campus watch organization matters relating to the continued development of a comprehensive plan for the prevention of crime; (6) to encourage the education of all members of the community in matters which increase personal and community safety; and (7) to encourage maximum cooperation and communication between all community members and the Campus Safety Department toward the goal of crime prevention. (College of Lake County, Illinois, 2008)"

Tags:safety, security, crime, campus

Abstract
The paper documents the student uprisings in 1968, which occurred when student anarchists decided to use Nanterre University facilities to print and distribute political materials. The students in the group were suspended and a demonstration followed. When police became involved in the protest, the students at the University fought back with student campus wide support. In the days that followed the initial protests, students took their rebellion into the streets of Paris where rioting, hundreds of arrests and police action inflamed the situation.

Tags:social, movements, questions

Abstract
This paper discusses the student code of conduct on university campuses and looks at how this code is not always respected or upheld by the students attending the universities. The paper then goes on to elaborate on how students do not always comply with the student code of conduct and concludes that a student code of conduct is not enough to ensure proper behavior and conduct on campus. Instead, universities should seek alternative actions to enforce and uphold polices that will ensure that the students are enriched through a "safe" and positive academic experience.

From the Paper
" Another act of violence that is occurring on college campuses is hazing. "Hazing" includes activities such as being kidnapped, abandoned, excessive drinking, sexual acts, assault, and in some circumstances, even death. Hazing continues to be prevalent amongst college students as a form of "initiation" or "admission". Students believe that hazing promotes unity and team cohesiveness. The reality about hazing is that it usually goes on under a blanket of sworn secrecy (Campo, Paulos, Sipple, 2005); which makes this problem one that should not be tolerated. A zero tolerance rule should also be adopted for any violent acts on campus. Campo and her colleagues (2005), describe hazing as any activity that is a "condition of initiation" in an organization that may have a negative impact on the physical and/or emotional well-being of individuals and/or their peers. Hazing has been practiced for years; most commonly identified to athletes, fraternities and sororities."

Tags:code, coduct, student, violance

Abstract
The paper opens with a look at school violence. It discusses the prevalence of such events as well as what type of youth risk behavior is being performed. A large section of the paper is on resource officers and the police. It argues they are becoming more involved in combating the violence. It concludes that with an increase in technology and resource officers, the amount of juvenile crime on school campuses would decrease, or at least become manageable.

From the Paper
"There are many benefits of having a resource officer in schools. Students, parents, and administrators feel safer and students can get a better understanding of law enforcement and can make better decisions about their actions. With law enforcement taking the majority of the responsibility, administrators and teachers have more time to focus on being educators and giving students the best education possible. Not only can Resource Officers handle disruptive and violent incidents they can also provide services such as drug education, conflict resolution, violence education and also serve as mentors to the students that they come into contact with on a regular basis."

Tags:violence, education, resource officers, behavior, juvenile crime, juvenile justice