Abstract This paper explains that, although there is a long legacy of criminal incidents and systemic injustices occurring on college campuses;the number of incidences of wild melees, rioting, cheating, hooliganism and serious criminal behavior are increasing greatly on many campuses. The author stresses that, even though more than eight years have passed since Congress first enacted the landmark Campus Security Act of 1990, the scope and magnitude of the problem of crime prevention and justice on campus is still not accurately understood. The paper stresses that, if accountability is to be included in any calculus of guilt or innocence, America's college administrators deserve special mention for their particularly underwhelming record, transforming too often what should resemble an intellectual journey into a life-threatening and too often hair raising tour through Dante's inferno.
Table of Contents
Prologue
Current Trends
Rioting: The New Rage and a Few Familiar Faces
Enforcement Efforts
Is Your School Safe?
Campus Crime: Not Just Numbers
Campus Courts
Campus Police Logs
Definitions Used for Compiling Crime Statistics
Campus Awareness Act of 1990
Background
The Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act
Campus Crime Statistics
Annual Security Reports
Campus Security Procedures and Programs
On-Campus Occurrences of Crime
Occurrences of Crimes Manifesting Evidence of Prejudice ("Hate Crimes")
Study Indicates Widespread Non-Compliance
From the Paper "Property crimes (which here include only burglary and motor vehicle theft, since these are the only property crimes the Act requires institutions to report) were reported by about two-fifths of the institutions in each of the 3 years. According to 1994 statistics, 37 percent had experienced burglary on campus, while 23 percent reported at least one motor vehicle theft. The percentage of institutions reporting occurrences of violent and property crimes varied greatly by institutional type, whether the institution had campus housing, and the size of the institution. Public 4-year institutions, those with campus housing, and larger institutions were more likely to report occurrences of both violent and property crimes than were other types of institutions. For example, one or more violent crimes were reported by 78 percent of public 4-year institutions, about half of institutions with campus housing, and 84 percent of institutions with 10,000 or more students, compared with 3 percent of for-profit less-than-2-year institutions, 12 percent of institutions without campus housing, and 7 percent of institutions with less than 200 students."
Abstract This paper examines the expenses and social benefits of living on campus: Renting an apartment, staying in the dorms and buying a home. The author recommends living in the dorms for the first year because it gives students a chance to get to know schoolmates. It suggests that the following year a place can be rented off-campus with friends. The paper includes comparison tables of expenses.
From the Paper "The first option is for Sarah to live in the dorms. This is the most hassle free thing to do ? it will give her a chance to meet new people with whom she might want to live with next semester or next year. Meals on campus are $875 a semester for 18 meals a week and 950 for 21 meals a week. I?d suggest you go with the previous meal plan; I must have made it to breakfast maybe five times, maximum, my freshman year of college!"
Abstract This paper addresses crime on college campuses, its frequency and type, and how it can be prevented, including how victims and administrators alike should react to reports of increased campus crime across the country.
Abstract This is a literature review of peer-reviewed articles on college campus diversity and its academic benefits. Recent Affirmative Action developments are discussed, as are the issues of underrepresented women in science and engineering. It also presents some opposing viewpoints, explaining California's Proposition 209 in terms of the diversity movement.
Abstract This paper presents an economic analysis relating to the establishing of a U.S. satellite university campus in Cameroon, Africa that would provide information communication technology training. The paper provides a profile of Cameroon including health, crime, size, population, GDP and a table.
From the Paper "The following research paper presents an analysis of Cameroon Africa with the purpose of providing information relevant to the establishment ..."
Abstract This paper examines the issue of free speech, with special emphasis on the American college campus. The writer argues that free speech should never be banned or regulated as it is a protected right under the United States Constitution. The author examines how today's college administrators wrestle with the idea of free speech at their institutions. The author concludes that free speech must exist in order for the Constitution to be protected and so students can continue to grow in their ability to ascertain fact from fiction.
Outline:
Introduction
The Subjectivity of it All
The Ultimate Decision
Conclusion
From the Paper "As much as most individuals will agree that certain speech is hurtful to others society by and large has the ability to correct itself by ignoring or shunning those who insist on voicing opinions that are unpopular or hateful and college students are capable of the same shunning which in turn brings pressure to the speech giver to cease and desist.
We cannot pick and choose which part of the constitution we are going to protect as the entire document embodies what the founding fathers intended when they put it together."
Abstract This paper examines that which is termed "campus policing". It explores the subject "campus policing" both in historical terms as well as the possible implications in today's world. It also examines and explores the perception that the student and teacher both hold of the campus police officer as well as exploration of the standards or requirements of the police officer employed in the university setting. This work also explores expectations and as to what standard the campus officer is held, by the campus community at-large, as well as the public viewpoint of the campus officer as compared to the expectations of local or country officers in standards of skill, education, training and in the overall role of the officer.
Table of Contents
Preface
Table of Contents
Abstract
List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
Statement of Problem/Thesis
I. Background and History of Campus Policing
II. The Role of Campus Police Officer
III. The Campus Officer's Proper Role
IV. Campus Policing: Related Legislation and Law
V. Perception of Respondents
VI. Department of Public Safety Community Survey
VII. Research Methodology
VIII. Crime: Focus and Concern
IX. Limitations of the Study
X. Community Based Policing Program
Executive Summary
Synopsis
Campus Police Community Survey
Bibliography
From the Paper "President Bush signed the "Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act", also referred to as "The Clery Act" in 1990. Universities and colleges, that are recipients of federal funding, are required by law to prepare as well as publish and distribute the crime statistics for the institution to students, teachers and faculty. Since that time many reports and studies have been conducted focusing on different aspects of the statistics, the methodology of collection of information, categories of the statistics and other invaluable information.
This paper intends to investigate and research campus policing with a focus on the perception held by constituents, that is; the faculty, teachers and students of the institution, as to the campus police officer in relation to the duties and ratings of the performance of those duties. This study intends to examine specific questions that have been posed in a typewritten survey and distributed to students at Houston Community College as to the System of the police department on the campus and surrounding adjacent areas and the campus neighborhood community."
Abstract This paper discusses violence on college campuses in the US, and notes that the mass media tends to sensationalize the most extreme forms of campus violence even though the vast majority of violence on college campuses is not sensational enough to warrant news coverage. The paper then discusses the problem of date rape and sexual assault and relates that, as is the case with rape in general, many occurring on college campuses are never reported. Additionally, the paper discusses the role of alcohol in violence on college campuses and reveals that the one contributing element shared most commonly by all forms other than premeditated attacks on random individuals is alcohol consumption.
Outline:
Introduction
Premeditated Massacres on College Campuses Date Rape and Sexual Assault
The Role of Alcohol in Violence on College Campuses Conclusion
From the Paper "According to Barrett Seaman, who studies the incidence of rape and sexual assaults on American college campuses, they occur wth "frightening regularity." In fact, as many as one-quarter of female college students admit to experiencing inappropriate sexual contact, ranging from being grabbed over their clothes in public to actually being raped by a male classmate during the course of their college education. As is the case with rape in general (Macionis 2003), many occurring on college campuses are never reported ."
Tags: premeditated, attacks, excessive, news, coverage, security, enhancement, features
Abstract This paper explains that criminal acts, which reflect the surrounding society such as assaults, murders, robberies and vandalism, have increased markedly on campuses. Therefore, schools are struggling with whether to continue the policy promoting gun-free schools, which also means that the campus police do not have guns. The author points out that the campus community cannot be so naive as to believe that campus policemen who do not carry handguns can help prevent or crime or protect innocent people; towns people would not want their police not to carry handguns. The paper stresses that campus crimes will not decline if all police officers begin carrying handguns, but the crime rate most assuredly will not decline if they don't either.
From the Paper "An armed police officer strolling through a college library may at first grip some students with fear, but it is also a comfort and a source of security to know that your safety is someone else's concern as well. Colleges are places of learning and culture because society has cultivated that image. This same image can be torn away through the fear of crime, which has no counterbalance. A college's survival depends on enrollment. If students fear they are not or cannot be protected, it is almost assured enrollment will drop, which will have a cascading effect on every aspect of the college from where students choose to attend to who receives research grants."
Tags: gun-free, naive, fear, enrollment, community
Abstract This paper discusses that crime on college campuses has been evident for many years but historically has been under-reported. This paper analyzes types of college crime, particularly date rape, civil liability, architecture and its role in prevention, and campus security mission and focus to understand campus crime. The author believes that security teams, students, faculty and administrators need to further the collaborative nature of the solution to campus crime.
From the Paper "One particularly heinous aspect of campus crime is associated with the growing phenomena of date rape or acquaintance rape. Though it is clear that stranger assaults do occur frequently upon college campuses, it is also clear that the more common form of rape is acquaintance or date rape. Acquaintance rape is often closely associated with drug and alcohol use, another troubling aspect of campus life. Linking the two together is a string of both experience and statistical evidence. "In the United States, researchers have often demonstrated through self-report and victimization surveys that sexual assaults are endemic on university campuses." Not only are the recreational use of drugs and alcohol associated with the occurrences of rape but also there is an alarming trend associated with the crime that resonates the seemingly un-punishable offender state that has been created by the aforementioned institutional environment."
This paper discusses the rising crime rates on university campuses while also examining the effectiveness and costs for implementing video access control security systems on the grounds.
Abstract This paper outlines the video security system which depends not only on cameras but also on card readers and other security measures. This paper details the effectiveness of this security system which was installed at Harvard University as well as on various university campuses in Germany. The writer of this paper examines the primary goals of this security system which is primarily to ensure a feeling of safety among residents and visitors to the campuses. This paper explores the various benefits of this system including the fact the publicizing the installation of this type of security system would let would-be criminals know that they are unlikely to escape undetected should they attempt to commit a crime on campus grounds. This paper also contains a price list illustrating the cost for this particular security system.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Outline of the Program
Benefits of the System
Costs of the Program
Process
References
From the Paper "Obviously, costs will vary from campus to campus, depending on the number of access points to be protected. However, estimates per campus can be made from the following information regarding a four-camera closed-circuit system, using existing computer power at the university as needed. This package would be adequate for a residence hall with four doors. The figures are the costs of the cameras and auxiliary equipment in both U.S. and Canadian dollars; however, similar packages available in Germany would exhibit similar price points. Added to this cost is the cost of programming computers to turn cameras on and off, if that was desired, equipment for viewing captured tape, and the labor costs of installation."
Abstract The paper uses sociological perspectives to identify whether sub-cultures on a university campus demonstrate norms that vary from the "dominant" culture on campus. The paper studies the students as a whole and the population of Asian students on campus, a sub-classification of students that includes all students of Asian decent.
Outline:
Purpose
Analysis
What Are the Distinctive Norms of this Group?
From the Paper "To identify a sub-type or the normative type or class on campus, one must first apply the sociological concept of "culture" and "society" (Shostak, 1971; Andersen & Taylor, 2006). In this case "culture" refers to the behavioral patterns and experiences one endures on campus (Shostak, 1971). One may consider the students attending the campus the "society" the researcher attempts to explore, in this case the society explored includes the students as a whole and the population of Asian students on campus, a sub-classification of students that includes all students of Asian decent."
Abstract The writer reveals the facts that suggest that college campuses are not safe. The writer believes that the preventative measure of allowing concealed carry weapons on campus will provide safety while mainataining the open learning environment. The writer addresses the opposition's argument, but feels that in light of the two recent school shootings, this is the only way to make college campuses truly safe.
From the Paper "After reviewing the appropriate evidence, I remain strongly convinced that allowing conceal and carry permits to extend to college campuses would keep college students, teachers, and all those who have a reason to be on campus safe. While the shooters at both Virginia Tech and Northern Illinois University were able to carry out their acts of violence unchecked, I agree with the national approximately 12,000 Students for Concealed Carry on Campus members that believe a citizen with adequate training would have an excellent chance of stopping a shooter before he or she could do much damage (Smalley). I come to this conclusion after realizing that the college campus is an inherently unsafe environment when it comes to shootings, an environment ripe for this kind of tragedy. In fact, because college campuses are often full of green space and include many buildings, it is relatively easy for an emergency to be occurring on one end of campus while the other end of campus is unaware of the tragedy."
Abstract This paper is an address to a congressional district in Texas, explaining the speaker's decision to vote affirmatively on a bill that would allow concealed carry permits on college campuses. The writer explains why this would contribute to the safety of college students, teachers and others on campus. Since it has been noted that those determined to open fire on a college campus will find a way to do it, the writer suggests that a well-trained citizen with a concealed carry weapon who may be able to shoot to injure and not to kill may be the best deterrent. The writer discusses the arguments brought by the opposition and presents counter-arguments to the opposition's claims that guns will be unsafe and ineffective.
From the Paper "I come to this conclusion after realizing that the college campus is an inherently unsafe environment when it comes to shootings, an environment ripe for this kind of tragedy. In fact, because college campuses are often full of green space and include many buildings, it is relatively easy for an emergency to be occurring on one end of campus while the other end of campus is unaware of the tragedy. This situation makes for the possibility that a student or faculty member may inadvertently walk directly into a shooting, creating more casualties."
Tags: training emergency, PA system, target preventative containment violence
Abstract This paper looks at the sociological concept of group dynamics. It claims that many theories have been written about the topic, but the best way to experience this phenomena is to watch students on campus. This paper is the personal account and observations of a student studying group dynamics.
From the paper:
"Group dynamics is the term given to the scientific study of group behavior, and it is of crucial sociological importance if we wish to advance our knowledge and understanding of the nature of groups, their development and the relationships that exist within and between them. The majority of social scientists examine the concepts of group dynamics through the collation of empirical research and the development of scientific theories. This paper, however, will focus on the application of these theories and issues in relation to specific aspects of everyday life on campus."
