Abstract
The paper analyzes the radar cameras and red light cameras on the road. The paper relates how since the 1990s these technological methods for catching motorists in the act of speeding or running red lights has been touted by advocates as a powerful weapon for improving the safety of the roads. The paper explains, however, that critics call the technology Orwellian and they claim that the cameras have been employed primarily to increase revenue both for individual cities as well as the vendors who provide this technology. This paper researches the general pros and cons of the issue, examining some pertinent legislation.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to examine the radar cameras and red light cameras. Since the 1990s these technological methods for catching motorists in the act of speeding or running red lights has been touted by advocates as a powerful weapon for improving the safety of the roads. However, critics call the technology Orwellian and claim that the cameras have been employed primarily to increase revenue both for individual cities as well as the vendors who provide this technology. This paper will research the general pros and cons of the issue, examining some pertinent legislation as well as the major claims of both sides of the matter. In the end, however, it is and will be my position that photo radar and red light cameras are effective only at lining the city coffers."

Tags:photo, radar, cameras

Abstract
This paper explains that the press has long argued for the right to bring cameras into the courtroom arguing that (1) freedom of speech and the press is guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution and that, (2) in a truly free society, the public has a right to know what goes on inside a courtroom. However, the courts claim that the use of cameras in a court room could influence public sentiment about a trial, which, in turn, might influence the jury. The author reviews court rulings of the Lindbergh kidnapping case, "Rideau vs. the State of Louisiana", "Billie Sol Estes vs. State of Texas", "Nixon vs. Warner Communications", "United States vs. Mitchell", O. J. Simpson cases and the Clinton-Lewinsky fiasco, regarding the use of cameras in these court rooms, the decisions strengthening these rulings and the current opinions of the courts. The paper concludes that the press and the courts are dependent upon each other; if there were no freedom of the press, there would be no one to make sure a defendant received a fair trial. Several long quotes.

From the Paper
"The issue of cameras in the courtroom popped up again in the fiasco between President Clinton and Monica Lewinsky. The defense sought to use illegally tapped telephone conversations against the President. In this case, the Court ruled the public right to know outweighed the President's right to privacy. President Clinton's testimony was broadcast on TV in front of millions of viewers, but the President came out looking like the winner. The prosecutor Kenneth Starr wanted to expose Clinton on television, but failed, "Instead, the camera captured a controlled and confident Clinton telling his side of the story in detail for the first time. He rebutted much of the legal case against him and launched a counterattack on the four-year, $40-million prosecution as unfair and politically driven.""

Tags:amendment, influence, clinton, inter-dependent, simpson

Abstract
This paper presents an examination of the effectiveness of red light cameras at intersections. It explains how their purpose is to photograph errant drivers breaking the laws of the road so that the offender can be ticketed through the mail. It provides various statistics on the use of these cameras in different States and on accidents that are primarily caused by running a red light. It reviews various pieces of literature on the topic and proposes a study to determine whether there is a direct correlation between the use of red light cameras and the reduction of incidences of major injury collisions at intersections.

From the Paper
"Currently red light runners are on the increase. Recently the characteristics of a driver who will run a red light have been determined. Statistically they are younger in age than those who do not run red lights and they have a higher incidence of poor driver incidences. In addition the drivers who are prone to running red lights are more often than their non red light peers have a history of alcohol abuse in the past. Drivers who run red lights cause 260,000 crashes a year."

Tags:injury, collisions, driver, law, speed, accident

Abstract
The paper discuss how installing cameras infringes on our rights as private citizens and may promote crime rather than easy crime. The writer shows a trail of white color crime scenarios and how crime could be increased through the use of cameras. The writer also compares the contractual process of how the project would be bidded out and how that process can be corrupt to the oil industry.

From the Paper
"Where you live determines how closely you are watched by government. Tampa was the first city to install cameras in high crime areas in order to deter criminal behavior. What does this mean for the people who obey the law and want a life of privacy because they have earned it if you support the camera invasion in Tampa? I have often heard the argument if you have nothing to guilty about then you should have no problem with your behaviors being monitored. This argument I think is an ignorant one and one that suppress the rights of the individual for what is perceived as a benefit of the whole. I don't subscribe to this type of thinking."

Tags:privacy, government, control

Abstract
The paper investigates if red-light cameras reduce the prevalence of red-light running. The paper provides a literature review and explains the findings that showed that in the majority of cases, the installation of red-light cameras reduced red-light running among drivers in participating cities nationwide. The paper briefly outlines the method of research the study used.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Method

From the Paper
"The US Department of Transportation reported that more than 92,000 crashes have resulted in 900 deaths every year by drivers beating red traffic lights (Harvey 2005). Red light running or beating the red light has been identified as a significant cause of accidents at signalized intersections (Hakkert 2004). Studies on accidents at such intersections in the Australian states of Victoria, Western Australia and Queensland from 1994 to 1998 were conducted. They found that 15-21% of accidents were related to red light running. The US General Estimates System, on the other hand, reported that of the 260,000 red light running accidents, 750 were fatal. The high-volume casualty required prompt attention and appropriate countermeasures to confront and solve the problem. A primary countermeasure has been the automatic enforcement with the help of red-light cameras or RLC (Hakkert)."

Tags:traffic, signal, sensors, intersections

Abstract
This paper, broken down into five parts, describes the creation of a true experiment to examine the use of stationary cameras in crime prone areas. All elements are included, explained and discussed. The author also includes discussions related to data gathered, the test instrument itself and the validity and reliability of the results. The forth section discusses the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional, panel and trend designs and which is most effective. Finally, in the fifth section, the writer presents a discussion of the relationship among the various concepts explained in the text.

Outline:
Part 1 - Create a True Experiment for Stationary Cameras
True Experiment Requirements
Design of the Experiment
Abstract
Comparison Groups
Variation in the Independent Variable
Random Assignment
Conclusion
Part 2 - Create a Test Instrument
Nominal Data
Ordinal Data
Interval Data
Ratio Data
Part 3 - Validity and Reliability of Survey
Validity
Reliability
Part 4 - Cross-Sectional, Panel and Trend Designs

From the Paper
"One of the ways to determine the causal impact of certain conditions upon social groups it through the use of "True Experiments". True Experiments contain at least three elements, being: at least two comparison group, an experimental group and the control group; before the measuring of change in the dependent variable, a variation must be made in the independent variable; and, members of the comparison groups are randomly assigned (Schutt, 2006, p.201). These elements are important in determining the causal mechanism and controlling the experiment."

Tags:experiment, control, assumption, ethical

Abstract
Discusses whether cameras should be allowed during felony trials. State laws and judicial rulings on the topic. Defendant's interests. Constitutional issues (First and Sixth Amendments). Concerns over publicity in trials, and role of the major media. Cites several cases and opinions. Personal reaction to topic contends that cameras should be allowed.

From the Paper
"Cameras in the Courtroom
Issue:


Should cameras be allowed in the courtroom during all felony trials?
There has been no final decision on this question on the part of the Supreme Court, leaving a patchwork of State laws and judicial rulings on the topic. In California, absent a claim by the defense that the defendant's interests will be prejudiced by the presence of a camera in the courtroom, and that claim upheld by the judge, the presumption is that cameras may be allowed in the courtroom if so requested by a news-gathering organization
(Wilson Conference, 1097).


There are two major constitutional areas that must be dealt with in deciding whether to allow a camera. These are the public's right to..."

Abstract
This paper is a research proposal about the use of surveillance cameras and their efficiency as a crime investigation tool as opposed to a deterring crime. In his introduction, the author of the proposal examines current literature regarding the utilization of video surveillance as a tool for fighting crime. In addition, the writer discusses the use of video surveillance as a crime deterrent, as well as an investigation tool. Finally, the author details his research proposal and procedure.

Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Research Design
Setting
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Analysis of Data
Implications of Proposed Research
References

From the Paper
"Much of the research surrounding video surveillance surrounds not public but private usage of video surveillance. The studies surround common crime centers such as convenience stores, which have been traditionally exposed to many crimes of property and often injuries and or loss of life. Convenience stores have taken many steps to reduce the incidence of robberies and one of them is implementing video surveillance, which often gets used by police to solve crime and at the very least create a set of information that time stamps occurrences and potentially offers identifying information of the suspects of the crime. The accepted existence of the cameras in such locations has not led to a decrease in robberies in most studies but is, when used correctly a substantial source of information for police when they are trying to apprehend criminals and explain forensic results."

Tags:video, surveillance, CCTV, police, crime, prevention, investigation

Abstract
A six page argumentative essay on why cameras should not be allowed in the courtroom.

Abstract
This paper addresses an issue that is central to America's constitutional foundations, that is, the ongoing conflict between the First Amendment and the Sixth Amendment. It focuses on the current controversy about video cameras in the courtroom and the impact they might have on the free press/fair trial debate.

From the Paper
"The print press currently has legal reasoning that supports the coverage of courtroom proceedings. One of those reasons is that the public has a right to know what is going on in the cases, and the press is the only way they can find out about it. The Supreme Court has made it clear that cameras in the courtroom can be constitutionally permitted, because the presence of a camera does not make a trial unfair."

Tags:press, court, trial