Abstract The paper describes the business context of Camel Air's problem of employee resistance to the new computer system. The paper explains why the critical success factor is to engage the employees in the change process. The paper presents a change management plan that focuses on five criteria of strategic alignment, process mapping, fail-safing, and teamwork and communications skills. The paper shows how this plan will create an organizational culture in which employees are conducive to change.
Outline:
Introduction
Business Context
Pace and Scale of Change
People Management
Change Management Plan
Conclusion
From the Paper "Camel Air was in the process of introducing a new computer system. However, the organizational structure was not prepared to implement change of the magnitude required. Employee resistance was the biggest problem. Influential employees were resistant to the idea of implementing the new computer system. The resistance stemmed from the fact that the employees were not familiar with using computer systems in their duly duties. As a result, they were not sure whether they would be able to fit into the new picture in which computer systems would play a large role. In this respect the challenge in front of the management was to engage the employees in the process of change management."
Abstract This paper examines the motive of American tobacco industry's advertisements directed at minors. It describes the battle to win brand loyalty through the youthful advertisement and cartoon characters, such as Joe Camel. The paper discusses the public's anger toward this marketing tactic, and the numerous court battles to protect adolescent Americans from a life time of cigarette smoking.
From the Paper "The tobacco industry has been in a battle to capture the youth market for decades mainly because of the degree of brand loyalty that is characteristic of cigarette smokers. Cigarette companies have a lot at stake in making sure that their brand is one of the first tried by the young smoker. In its bid to obtain young smokers, R.J. Reynolds created the Joe Camel campaign with a cool character that youths found highly appealing and the company created fierce advertising, promotional, and sales campaigns to take their message to market. The Joe Camel campaign proved to be one of the most successful bids to capture young smokers in tobacco history. Ultimately, its tremendous success was in part the reason for the campaign's eventual downfall, as public outcry demanded that cigarette companies stop marketing to adolescents and as courts gained legal leverage against the tobacco industry. Today, Joe Camel may be vanquished, but R.J. Reynolds and tobacco companies continue to find more subtle ways to target youths at an early age and have moved on to lesser developed countries where opposition to the industry isn?t as strong."
This paper discusses the business ethics associated with the sale of "alcopop", a good-tasting alcoholic drink, that is becoming the alcoholic beverage of choice for teens, underage drinkers, and beginning drinkers.
Abstract This paper explains that alcohol kills many more teenagers than all illicit drugs combined; alcopops, which attract the younger drinkers by engaging them in a lifestyle that includes alcohol as an integral part of recreation and friendship activities, crosses an ethical line in much the same way as the ethically challenged ?Joe Camel? smoking advertising strategy. The author points out that business transactions are based on the relationship and the level of trust a community grants an organization; thus, the measure of an organization's effectiveness will include the level of integrity and ethics within which it operates. The paper concludes that organizations today face the possibility of having any of their actions, which are ethically questionable as in the case of alcopops, put to public scrutiny by investigative reporters and public interest groups, resulting in embarrassment, loss of public confidence, and loss of reputation.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Ethical Issues
Combining Business Ethics and Moral Responsibility
Conclusion
From the Paper "In Germany, where the drinks are marketed with much more veracity toward the younger crowd, the German Drugs Commissioner is calling for taxes on alcopops to be doubled as a way of raising the prices beyond the reach of many teens. The move comes after a German study showed that alcopops were becoming the drink of choice of teenagers. These sugary mixtures were leading teen down that slippery path to hard liquor and heavy drinking partially because of their marketing and particularly because of the direct connection between these products and their stronger older brothers. Smirnoff is a worldwide leader in Vodka production, Jack Daniels is one of the nations oldest, and best-known whiskey producers."
Abstract This paper explains that the Byzantine and Persian people had become hostile toward their own bureaucratic empires because of the government's financial demands, which made them more susceptible to the new ideas of the Muslims. The author points out some of the many Muslim advancements and contributions to world history such as the breeding of camels for transportation, organization of efficient hospitals and the ability to build a commercial economy. The paper relates that it was the Muslims who preserved and interpreted Aristotle's works because, when Emperor Justinian closed the philosophical schools in Athens, many Greek philosophers migrated east, where Greek philosophy was cultivated by the Muslims thus Islamic philosophy became Aristotelian.
From the Paper "Muhammad was born in the year 570 in the Arabian town of Mecca. His family belonged to the Quraish, an aristocratic tribe of traders and entrepreneurs who overlooked the town. In 610, Muhammad reported experiencing a religious phenomenon in which God spoke to him. God told Muhammad that, contrary to the polytheistic faith practiced in Mecca, there is only one God: Allah. Muhammad thought it his duty to become a prophet to the Quraish, but most of the tribe was unwilling to accept monotheism. The town of Yathrib in the north, however, invited Muhammad to live and preach in their land. Muhammad traveled to Yathrib with his small group of followers in 622. This journey, called the Hijrah, marks the beginning of the Islam faith."
An analysis of the life of dancer and choreographer, Martha Graham, in terms of Friedrich Nietzsche's description of the emergence of a superhuman in "Thus Spoke Zarathustra."
Abstract This paper discusses the life of dancer and choreographer, Martha Graham. The paper relates her life to the description of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, in "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" of the progression and emergence of a superhuman. The paper describes Nietzsche's philosophy and discusses the various aspects of Graham's life in terms of the camel, the lion and the child that Nietzsche discusses.
Table of Contents:
The Camel--The Young Graham
The Maturing Graham--The Lion
The Graham Legacy--The Child
From the Paper "Martha Graham lived for ninety-six years, and was increasingly criticized for her refusal to stop performing in her own dances. However, Graham's unique physicality combined with her fortitude of mind gave birth, to a unique ideal of American dance. It is hard not to think of the Superman when one hears of Graham's own attempt, like Nietzsche, to harkens back to Greek mythology with dances such as "Cave of the Heart" (1946), which contains no sentimentality or beauty, as was still expected in dance of the day, to tell the tale of a woman who slays her children. Graham was also capable of creating life-affirming works like "Appalachian Spring" (1944), one of Copeland's most famous tunes that told the story of an American pioneer wedding with primitive intensity and love of nature. (Teachout, 1998, p.3)"
Abstract This paper examines the statistics on smoking and the tactics that tobacco companies use to advertise their products in order to show how advertisers convince smokers to use their products, despite the obvious risk to their health.
From the Paper "Advertising is defined as the activity of attracting public attention to a product or business, as by paid announcements in print or on the air. Advertisers make public announcement of their products, especially to proclaim the qualities or advantages of a product or business in order to increase sales. But in order for a product to be effectively advertised, it must have a major selling point in order to appeal to consumers. In the case of tobacco products, there is no obvious benefit to the consumer other than the gratification of their nicotine habit, and the advertisers are not interested in pointing out that their products are potentially addictive. Consequently, tobacco companies downplay the possible health risks associated with smoking and secondhand smoke. In addition, the Federal Trade Commission has prohibited tobacco companies from using television to advertise their products since the 1970s in order to discourage impressionable consumers from beginning the smoking habit. Therefore, the problem is that advertisers for tobacco companies have had to seek ways to present their products to the consumer without having to disclose the health risks that cigarettes pose to their customers and those people in the smokers? environment without violating FTC rules. Some of the ways that they have persuaded consumers to use their products is through icons such as Joe Camel, the sponsorship of sporting events, through Websites that oppose the findings of researchers, and through direct mail advertising campaigns that rally smokers through an appeal to their rights and freedoms. "
Tags: cigarettes, minors, ethics, joe, camel, family, cancer
Abstract This paper examines the meaning of the title of Marshall G.S. Hodgson's work, "The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization". The author provides Hodgson's definition of Islam and discusses the social and cultural background of the Islamic religion. Moreover, he explains the effect modern civilization had on Islamic religion.
From the Paper ""Hodgson's discussion of the Islamic reaction to Modernization, at the close of his magisterial study, leaves the reader with a sense of depression at just how impossible it is to reconcile nationalist ideals and Western-derived thinking to the core "venture" of Islam. Although Muslims were able to create a cohesive and flourishing civilization in the pre-modern world, Islamdom was unprepared for the dynamism of Western expansion, based as it is on capitalist investment and mechanization. Moreover, the "disruption of tradition? which is so much a feature of modern life is, Hodgson argues, something the West is able to absorb much more easily than other cultures. "Yet, even in the West . . . the socially concerned are full of complaints about the fragmentation of life . . . and about personal loss of roots and alienation in the mass. [However], in Islamdom, the disruption of traditions is even more problematic" (III,419).
Hodgson's conclusions about "Islam in modernity" are melancholy ones, giving us the impression that the creative vision and faith at the core of Islamic belief are unsuited to the dry, pragmatic realities of contemporary life."
Abstract This paper discusses the history of tobacco companies advertising strategies, focusing on the way in which they were forced to say goodbye to Joe Camel and other teen-appealing figures in their advertising campaigns but still continued to market their products to those under the age of 18.
From the Paper " Cigarettes are the most heavily marketed consumer products in the United States. Each year, tobacco companies spend more than $5.7 billion to promote and advertise their products as fun, sexy, glamorous, and macho. Yet, an estimated 430,700 Americans die each year from diseases caused by smoking. A study conducted by the American Lung Association found that 34 percent of teens begin smoking as a result of tobacco company promotional activities. Cigarette brand names are used in sponsoring sporting events and concerts, events that are geared to teens and young adults".
Abstract This paper argues in favor of the restriction of tobacco advertising that targets youths under the legal smoking age. Through the use of statistics, and personal experience, the author argues the extent of the protection allowed under the First Amendment to tobacco companies and their advertisers.
From the paper:
"Some of these regulations include age verification (by sales persons), the elimination of free samples, and denial of sponsorship of social/cultural events. As it is yet too early to judge whether these newly implemented restrictions will have a great influence on youth consumers, one can only hope to see improvements soon. As I had at one time worked in a store that sold tobacco products, my opinion is that even these new regulations are not enough. Many salespeople simply do not bother to check age identification of tobacco consumers."
Abstract This paper discusses the lack of ethical considerations of tobacco companies. The writer provides a personal view of the harsh reality of tobacco companies. The statistics are reviewed, methods of promotion are reproached and politicians are blamed for turning a blind eye.
From the Paper "Tobacco companies sell death, committing a blatant moral and ethical abomination against mankind. Tobacco companies are the Dr. Jack Kevorkian of the world and what's worse is that our elected officials sanction these activities. They turn a blind eye but eagerly extend their hands to collect the revenues from taxes. Lets face it, tobacco companies shell out a lot of money to politicians and in turn, politicians turn the other cheek as smoking kills almost a half a million people per year in the U.S. alone. Smokers also take out non-smokers at a rate of 3,000 people per year due to exposure to second hand smoke. Nicotine, the main addictive ingredient in tobacco is the cause of many diseases and medical problems, such as emphysema and lung cancer."
An examination of carcinogenic qualities, research, smokeless tobacco, secondhand smoke, tobacco industry responses, advertising (Joe Camel) and global marketing.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 12 sources, 1994, $ 63.95
From the Paper "The dangers of smoking are well known to most Americans who still smoke in this decade, yet smokers still persist in the single most avoidable cancer risk. Smokers and nonsmokers alike are aware of the risks, as studies from each succeeding decade huild up a consistent body of evidence showing that smoke and second-hand smoke are detrimental to personal and public safety.
Although for the first time there are now more Americans who have quit smoking than who still smoke, and although the overall smoking rate among adults is now just below 25 percent, more than 43 million American men and women still smoke. Unfortunately, there has been no decline in smoking by teenagers, with 17 percent of high school seniors now smoking daily (Brody, 1993, p. 17).
The above statistics will be examined in view of the health..."
Abstract This paper provides a detailed insight into the way advancements in technology has made the vending machine come a long way since the days of Camels and Hershey bars and how the smart vending machine of today might eventually revolutionize much of the retail industry. It examines how a new paradigm powered by computers has made it possible far-reaching changes from the way that transactions are handled and analyzed to the way the machines themselves are maintained and supplied. It shows how technology has created a constant flow of accurate, up-to-date information which makes possible a far more efficient and profitable business than was ever dreamed of in the past. It evaluates how the wealth of new data amounts to more than just the refiguring of the dollars and cents of an old equation and how individual machines can be minutely tailored to the needs of a specific clientele.
From the Paper "As shown by the previous examples, a streamlining of operations can affect both the vendor and the company at which the vending machine is located. Systems such as Blue World's enable the vendor to come to a more amicable arrangement with his clients. While a client might have found it necessary to subsidize the cost of items in several low-traffic machines, the same might not be necessary in a single high-traffic one. In a tight economy, care needs to be taken to ensure that every dollar is well spent. Vendors don?t need to waste their time hounding their clients for overdue funds."
Abstract The paper explores the history of smoking tobacco, including campaigns against the habit as far back as the sixteenth century. The paper looks at the lawsuits which have been brought against large tobacco companies such as Philip Morris and the outcomes of these trials. The paper argues that nobody today has the right to sue these companies as the health warnings against smoking have been around all their lives.
From the Paper "The biggest lawsuit against the tobacco industry is Betty Bullock's lawsuit against Philip Morris in October 2002. She won $28 billion because the jury found Philip Morris guilty of fraud and negligence. Betty Bullock started smoking Philip Morris's brand of cigarette about fourty-five years ago. Now sixty-four, she has cigarette-induced lung cancer which has spread to her liver (Washington). Her argument is the same as anyone's who is suing big tobacco. The tobacco company lied, so that made her start smoking and not quit. Now sick, she feels they owe her money for their negligence to inform her of the risks of smoking. She started smoking before the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act was passed, but after it was known that cigarettes were harmful and addictive. When asked why she didn?t quit smoking even after being warned by her doctor of the risks of smoking and urged by her daughter to quit, she answered by saying, ?'I am an adult. This is my business?? (Washington). If she can handle her own business as an adult, why should Philip Morris pay her money? She is an adult and her business is her own."
Abstract RJR Nabisco was, until recently, an international consumer products company with subsidiaries engaged in domestic and international tobacco businesses and an 80.7 percent interest in Nabisco Holdings Corp., a large multinational food company. This conglomerate was formed in 1989 as a result of a $25 billion hostile takeover of Nabisco by RJR which was orchestrated by investment bankers KKR and which is considered one of the largest hostile takeover in American history. This paper begins by summarizing the state of the two companies before the merger, briefly details the merger, considers the options that both companies had and then concludes with the consequences of the buyout - the fall of RJR Nabisco. The paper includes tables.
From the Paper "In short order, Reynolds' acquired Chun King, Patio Foods, American Independent Oil, Del Monte, Inglenook wines, Smirnoff vodka, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Sunkist beverages, and Canada Dry, all of which it sold by 1991. In 1985 Reynolds bought Nabisco (Newtons, Oreo, Premium Saltines, Cream of Wheat, Planters nuts) for $4.9 billion, forming RJR Nabisco Holdings. Nabisco's CEO, Ross Johnson, became CEO of RJR Nabisco. When Johnson attempted an LBO of RJR Nabisco, buyout firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR) outbid him, acquiring the company in a deal valued in excess of $25 billion in 1989."
Abstract Twenty thousand years ago, mile-thick glacial ice sheets that extended from Canada to the Ohio River covered Michigan and most of northern North America. It took more than 12,000 years for the ice to melt, leaving Michigan a glacially scarred landscape with the Great Lakes. This paper focuses on the ancient Michigan basin area and presents a brief geological history of the area. It discusses how the mammals that lived during the Ice Age, such as mammoths, horses, camels and saber-toothed tigers adapted to their environment over the years, with some eventually becoming extinct.
From the Paper "The sperm whale represents a prehistoric carnivore that still exists today and Michigan boasts one of the largest fossils from a prehistoric sperm whale. Even during prehistoric times, the Great Lakes as we know them now were larger and connected to the Atlantic Ocean. This may be one reason why the sperm whale survived. Today, they are found far from land in very deep waters, which probably had been there environment during the Pleistocene Epoch."
