Abstract
This paper explains that the Cambodian government has begun to make vast improvements to westernize its housing system in terms of design and in distribution of land. The author points out that, while urbanization plays a vital role in free market trade and democratic governments, the lack of purchasing power, financial strength and the legal loopholes required to obtain a new home in Phnom Penh are problems for the general Cambodian population. The paper stresses that Cambodians, who were colonized by the French in the late 19th and early 20th century, are accustomed to the centralized living styles of French flats, which provide more communal areas; whereas, the American investors are insisting on implementing western style condominiums, which differ in the sense that the facilities provide more privacy and space.

Table of Contents:
Historical Background
The Need for Land and Growth
Culture and Foreign Investment
History of Housing in Phnom Penh
Cambodian Fiscal System
The Development of French Style Flats and Western Condominiums
Legal Requirements for Construction of Housing
The Cost of Living in the New Phnom Penh
Analysis: French Style Flats versus Western Style Condominiums
Conclusion

From the Paper
"It is evident that Cambodia has a distinct disadvantage compared to the rest of the Asian countries. Primarily, the remnants of war has left a poverty stricken country with the responsibility of re-shaping its entire government, providing education and health care to needy families and finding adequate professional workers to maintain a new democratic system of public administration. However, there are many advantages to starting over for Cambodia, as the United Nations and the United States have taken a great interest in the rebuilding efforts. With a new, open economy and sufficient developmental programs, Cambodia stands at a crossroads for change."

Tags:challenge, growth, landless, banking, courtyard

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Cambodia has historically been one of the least developed countries on the Asian continent. with a look at Cambodian history, the writer discusses the transition to to housing designs in a western style. The writer concludes that Phnom Penh residents would be less attracted to western style housing due to high costs and a weak financial system, but perhaps in the future they would find it more attractive.

From the Paper
"Due to its violent history, Cambodia has only recently been relieved of guerrilla warfare, authoritarianism and mass genocide. While the Khmer Rouge were ousted from power in the 1980's, its remnants maintained a stranglehold on Cambodian government until the early 1990's. As a result of the Paris Peace Accords of 1991, Cambodia has witnessed a much more stable government. A new constitution and a parliamentary system in addition of regular elections for public officials has been the norm for governance. However, the vast improvements made to all facets of the ..."

Tags:housing, styles

Abstract
The paper discusses where Wright found inspiration for his ideas and techniques and how he enhanced and embellished these lessons to create his own unique style. The paper explains how the societal influences of his upbringing, as well as the Japanese design exhibit at the Chicago Exposition of 1893, profoundly impacted Wright's style. The paper describes his "prairie style" houses that shattered tradition and made architectural history.

From the Paper
"Frank Lloyd Wright, always a great showman and popularizer of his own architectural works, did nothing to discourage the legends and mythology surrounding their creation. From his writings, one can easily draw the implication that they sprang "sui generous", germinating in some kind of virgin birth from the mind and spirit of the great master himself. In fact, all of his brilliant innovative works, including his extraordinary Prairie Style houses, are built on a foundation that came before. They are the logical result of antecedents found in the architectural environment and society in which Wright was born and raised, and from lessons he eagerly learned. He was both a product of, and a contributor to, the dynamic and rapidly changing mid-Western society of late 19th Century America."

Tags:Sullivan, Japan, Chicago, design, plans, materials, innovation

Abstract
This paper explains that Hong Kong's housing, much more than in other cities, is a significant part of the infrastructure thus influencing the macro-economy: High housing costs cause workers to make wage demands and the employers are facing high location costs as well. The author points out that Hong Kong is unique in almost every respect, populated by Asians but has a Western-style economy but the Asian outlook on long-term investment is paramount. The paper concludes that the economic situation in Hong Kong is recovering faster than in other East Asian nations because of the financialized property-based economy, which is poised perfectly to weather economic storms without seeing the economy evaporate: Housing retains some value in any market; whereas, consumer goods and paper-based wealth of all sorts often do not.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Current Conditions
Literature Review
Findings
Discussion
Land Sales and Land-Related Revenue in Hong Kong 1991-2001
Various Asian Growth Projections, Annual GDP Growth in %: Actual and Projected

From the Paper
"While Singapore and South Korea share some regional norms with Hong Kong, they are more properly considered newly industrialized countries (NICs) than Hong Kong. Park assessed housing policy in South Korea and Singapore because it is an important aspect of social development in addition to a source of shelter; he noted that it also affects access of the population to other material resources. He notes "In most cases, it can influence consumption patterns and household incomes, affecting what people can do and who they can become. For these reasons, most states in advanced capitalist countries have actively intervened in housing provision, although the degree and mode of state intervention vary according to sociopolitical conditions." In Hong Kong, historically and at the present, that intervention is considerable, a fact that sets it apart from most other 'free' economies."

Tags:financialization, boyer, ponzi, western-style, property-based

Abstract
This paper focuses on the problem of homelessness in Western societies. The paper explains that Housing and Urban Development (HUD) defines the word "homeless" as an individual who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence. The paper states that the phenomenon of homelessness is not new, and that the problem of homelessness includes challenges such as poverty, lack of affordable housing, low-paying jobs, mental illness, unemployment, domestic violence and substance abuse. The paper acknowledges that many programs have attempted to cure the homeless epidemic, but the problem still exists. The paper discusses Development of the Upliftment of the Homeless (DUH), a program that proposes to utilize several large parcels of land to help the homeless community, and seeks government and philanthropic financing. The paper concludes that homeless people must be recognized as viable, productive adults, only needing the chance, training, and the opportunity for a second chance with help.

Outline:
Thesis Statement
Homeless Solution
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the 1870s, New York City found many young boys sleeping on the streets and the New York City Rescue Mission was established as the first of many such organizations seeking to rescue (Wiki, 2010). All of America, had hobos, who lingered near the trains, hopping, moving and living near those areas; and usually forced to keep moving by local authorities. Following the Civil War and the Great Depression, found millions of individuals hunger, hopeless, and homeless. From then to the early 1960s not much of a focus was on the homeless because the economy was thriving, people were working, enjoying the American dream of owning a home, raising a family, and retiring complacent. During the early 1960s, large mentally ill populations were released from institutions and were suppose to re-enter a community mental health setting for treatment and follow up; but the community programs never evolved to the point that it eliminated their need to live on the streets. Since, modern homeless began a resurgence as a result of the weaken economy and the lack of available affordable housing."

Tags:poverty, drifter, shelter, epidemic, addiction, assistance, public

Abstract
This research paper analyzes the architectural and societal constituents of Frank Lloyd Wright's seminal 'Prairie Style' houses, built between 1893 and 1909. It discusses his social and historical roots in rural Wisconsin, his apprenticeship to Louis Sullivan and his rise as a talented independent young architect in Chicago. The writer discusses that the interplay of dynamic social forces, and architectural forms enabled Wright to synthesize an iconic new domestic vocabulary, which is still influential today.

From the Paper
"Frank Lloyd Wright, always a great showman and popularizer of his own architectural works, did nothing to discourage the legends and mythology surrounding their creation. From his writings, one can easily draw the implication that they sprang "sui generous", germinating in some kind of virgin birth from the mind and spirit of the great master himself. In fact, all of his brilliant innovative works, including his extraordinary Prairie Style houses, are built on a foundation that came before. They are the logical result of antecedents found in the architectural environment ..."

Tags:wright, prairie, architecture

Abstract
The United Kingdom and the Netherlands have made commendable contributions to social housing over the past century. The successful collaboration of nonprofit builders has resulted in low-cost and efficient social housing in these countries. This paper shows that perhaps the most notable achievement is that housing at affordable prices is easily available to people who need it and, more importantly, at the time they need housing. Many other developed countries, including the Unites States, are struggling to provide acceptable levels of social housing and trying to copy the successful community housing models of European countries.

Paper Outline
Social Housing in Europe
Social Housing in Britain
Housing Associations in Britain
Social Housing in the Netherlands
Housing Associations in the Netherlands
Private Rented Housing
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In many European cities, low-cost housing is taken for granted; for instance in Tillburg in the Netherlands with a population of 165,000, a single association owns as much as 51 percent of the housing. Rentals charges by this association is only half or maximum two-thirds of market rates. Even in London, one of the high cost cities in the world, housing project developers are required to have 25 to 35 percent of the newly built units in the affordable category. (Johnson, Building a Better City: Europe's Affordable Housing Standard). A unique feature in these countries is the successful integration of "affordable" housing with "market-rate" housing in the same location, which means that people with high and low incomes live together and there is no social stigma attached to such practice."

Tags:Housing, Act, tenants, spatial, development

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine some of the general policies and history of Housing Connections, a social housing provider in Toronto, Ontario. Those policies are referenced to some of the more basic changes made under the Social Housing Reform Act (2000) before being compared to the policies of another Toronto-based social housing provider, Toronto Community Housing. The end goal is to provide readers with a basic understanding of the role and function of social housing providers within the Toronto area. Specifically, the benefits and limitations of Housing Connections are expanded upon.

Tags:toronto, social, housing

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to examine the status and condition of African-Americans as compared to whites in the area of housing. The city of Chicago is used as a specific example, both historically and presently, in relation to access to and cost of affordable housing. The paper includes statistical information which highlights the proportion and number of both groups that occupy public and privately owned housing, the median/average monthly payment for housing. Finally this work reviews how these facts relate to the overall lives of African-American living in the United States.

Table of Contents
Objective
Historical Chicago Housing Facts
Covenants
The Gautreaux Case
Recent Studies and Their Findings
Summary & Conclusion

From the Paper
"Seitles claims that integration has been a success in the fight against racial prejudice and states that: "Social consequences of racial isolation intertwine with grim economic realities for minorities. Due to the lack of interaction between racial groups, African-Americans are unprepared to work and socialize in a white majority society, while conversely, whites are not relating to, working with, or living with blacks. Prospects for African-American children raised in such communities are greatly diminished because of the lack of interaction between blacks and whites. Moreover, minority possibilities for advancement consequently decline from the lower quality of education afforded to them in ghetto schools, precluding them from competing for high-income employment. Although these inequalities are not always directly caused by intentional discrimination, residential racial segregation perpetuates these inequalities. Thus, minorities who live in racially homogeneous communities are faced with disadvantages beyond the present economic and social inequalities associated with minority neighborhoods." (Seitles, 1996)"

Tags:Blacks, quality, of, life, housing, options, low-income

Abstract
This paper discusses affordable housing and what the involvement of the community and the black church should be on this issue. The writer looks at programs including Habitat for Humanity to define the ways that the community can become involved in providing affordable housing to its residents who are in need.

From the paper:

"There is an ongoing effort to attract African Americans to the affordable housing development industry. In Sacramento California an internship program was piloted that matched minority students to non-profit housing organizations. African American churches and communities could easily use this idea for their own memberships to encourage social understanding and involvement in the ongoing need for affordable housing (Ware, 1998). "

Tags:affordable, african, american, black, church, housing