Abstract
Food production plays a critical role in the development of people because more consumable calories means, quite simply, more people (Diamond 88). In the case of Eurasia, the continental axis meant was orientated east-west and thereby permitted Fertile Crescent crops to quickly "launch agriculture over the band of temperate latitudes from Ireland to the Indus Valley and to enrich the agriculture that grew independently in eastern Asia" (Diamond 185). Unlike the Americas, Eurasia's axis provided it with the "widest band of land at the same latitude, and hence the most dramatic example of rapid spread of domesticates" (Diamond 186).

From the Paper
Guns, Germs and Steel: 8 Questions (answered in the body of the paper) Food production plays a critical role in the development of people because more consumable calories means, quite simply, more people (Diamond, 88). In the case of Eurasia, the continental axis meant was orientated east-west and thereby permitted Fertile Crescent crops to quickly "launch agriculture over the band of temperate latitudes from Ireland to the Indus Valley and to enrich the agriculture that grew independently in eastern Asia" (Diamond, 185). Unlike the Americas, Eurasia's axis provided it with the "widest band of land at the same latitude, and hence the most dramatic example of rapid spread of domesticates" (Diamond, 186).

Tags:guns, germs, steel

From the Paper
"Just think about how great a nice juicy hamburger tastes. A bag of golden fries. A thick chocolate milk shake. Maybe a burrito. How about a quick slice of pizza? Or maybe some finger licking chicken from the colonel? No doubt about it, the choices for a fast food meal are endless. The question is, are the choices healthy? During the last decade there has been considerable debate over the nutritional benefits of the food we eat. More people than ever before are concerned about health factors. Once old ladies used to worry about their cholesterol and sodium level. Now its a topic discussed by health conscious yuppies, body builders, mothers with kids and aerobic addicts. One of the most sizzling controversial areas is with fast food. Can you eat a Big Mac without guilt? Does fast food always mean junk food? Do fast food restaurants have a corporate..."

Abstract
Why are so many Americnas overweight? Part of the problem is that we are too much of a sedentary nation, but more properly, we eat poorly. Fawst food chains are responsible for calorie-laden foods- l;arge portions for low prices that en courage families to splurge. School lunches are finally getting attention for healthier foods, and soda machinesd are finally being removed. America's obesity is our own doing

From the Paper
AMERICA'S OBESITY; WHO IS RESPONSIBLE? Why are so many Americans of all ages, races and genders overweight? Part of the problem has nothing to do with genes or physiological disorders. It has to do with the temptations brought on by television advertisements, grocery-store end-aisle displays and the fact that today's generation simply cannot be as active as their grandparents were because they didn't have 24/7 television to settle in front of. Americans are overweight because snack manufacturers beguile them with calorie-laden temptations too good to pass up. Scientists and researchers put it plainly: "Americans have become

Tags:obesity, fast foods, diets

Abstract
A brief paper that discusses soda consumption among children, the amount of calories and sugar we drink with each sip, the effect of soda on the body, and some ideas for making adjustments to the lives of children.

From the Paper
"Carbonated soft drinks are the single biggest source of calories in the American diet contributing 7 percent of calories to our daily intake (Jacobson, 2005). When people open a can of liquid candy they are drinking up to 18 ounces a day and adding 225 unnecessary empty calories to their diet (Kanigel, 2006). Over the course of the month, that's almost 7,000 additional calories which easily becomes two pounds of gained weight (Kanigel, 2006). On a yearly basis, Americans consume enough calories from soda to gain 24 pounds of excess weight (Kanigel, 2006). The Harvard School of Public Health tracked the diets of 548 teens for 19 months and found that kids who drank sugar-sweetened beverages regularly were more likely to be overweight than those who did not (Kanigel, 2006). "

Tags:calories, caffeine

Abstract
The paper relates that the Mediterranean cuisine is a healthy diet that contains many of the vitamins and nutrients that help us lose weight and live longer, healthier lives. The paper focuses on the nutritional qualities of olive oil, tomatoes, vegetables, lean meats, fish and red wine that are all an integral part of this diet. The paper also discusses how the Mediterranean diet is low in sweets, desserts and deep-fat fried foods. The physically active lifestyle of the area is noted as well as the fact that the lunchtime meal is the largest of the day with the smaller meal being eaten in the evening. This makes it easier on digestion and the absorption of calories and nutrients.

From the Paper
"The Mediterranean diet of southern Europe is high in many items that many scientists and researchers believe help maintain heart health and a healthy weight. Olive oil, tomatoes, vegetables, lean meats, and even red wine all are an integral part of this diet, and studies indicate residents of the area live longer, with fewer heart problems, than residents of the United States. As more people learn about the benefits of the Mediterranean diet, it seems that more people will begin to study and live this healthier lifestyle. One way to encourage the adaptation of the American diet is to help people learn the benefits of the Mediterranean diet, learn how to prepare healthy dishes at home, and provide low-calorie and fat alternative for dining out, using the principles of the Mediterranean diet as a guide."

Tags:olive, oil, tomatoes, vegetables, fish, wine, vitamins, nutrients, fat, calories

Abstract
This paper argues that it is the large portion size and calorie content of our meals, rather than eating health-foods versus fast/junk foods, that is the true causative agent of obesity and related health problems in America. The paper bases this proposition on research done in the field of anti-aging which shows extreme life-extension and health benefits in animal and molecular studies when calories are reduced by forty percent from normal. Furthermore, the paper proposes that Americans be educated from a portion-control perspective first and a healthy-foods perspective secondarily.

Tags:Fast Food, Nutrition, McDonald's, Obesity, Anti-Aging, Calorie restriction

Abstract
Food and dietary habits vary from region to region; mostly guided by cultural preferences, access to resources and income levels. This paper discusses how it has often found that western countries rarely ever complain of malnutrition problem, while it persists in third world countries. The reason for this is grounded in income levels and access to resources. The writer points out that most developing countries heavily rely on pulses and beans for calories while most western-nations exhibit a greater taste for meat and poultry. This demonstrates on the one hand, cultural tastes while on the other it also says a great deal about income and poverty.

From the Paper
"In a report and survey revealed in 1980s, it was found that there existed noticeable differences in per capital supply of calories and protein in different regions of the world (see Table 1). It was observed that developing countries had calories intake 9 percent lower than the world average. The developed countries on the other hand had 27 percent higher calorie intake than the world average. The countries that lied below the world average in calorie intake existed in the four regions of Africa, Far Easter, Middle Easter, and Latin America."

Tags:third, world, developing, countries, poverty, level

Abstract
This paper explores the working hypothesis that caloric restriction may prevent Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the paper explores the idea that individuals with the ApoE genotype and a higher intake of calories have a higher risk of AD than those who do not carry the apoE4 allele.

From the Paper
"Alzheimer's Disease is a form of dementia that is marked by the loss of mental ability and various cognitive functions. The disease usually occurs in old age and is not detectable at birth. (Robinson) There is no consensus on the cause of AD but researchers have found a genetic link in the development of the disorder. The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine explains that there are various genes that are implicated in AD. One such gene is amyloid precursor protein (APP), which creates amlyloid. When there are mutations in this gene the result is often the early onset of Alzheimer's disease. It is also reported that most individuals that have Down syndrome also develop AD."

Tags:ailment, chromosome, protein, transporting, lipids, neurons, diet, aging, diseases

Abstract
The paper examines the book "Food First: Beyond the Myth of Scarcity" which makes a clear argument against the existence of "a world hunger crisis." It shows how authors Lappe and Collins support their main thesis that rather than a "global food shortage," we are facing an unequal distribution system. It shows how the book discusses the development of our current food production and distribution systems and how it supports the idea that there is in reality enough food production to supply everyone on earth with an adequate amount of calories, but that there is much wasted energy in the production, packaging and distribution of food to certain parts of the world. Finally, the paper discusses the main thesis of the book that there is actually no real food shortage, just an unequal distribution to certain parts of the world.

From the Paper
"The primary focus of Lappe and Collins was to prove the theories of Malthus to be false through historical example. The theories of population growth as a basis for the existence of worldwide food famine is one of the major arguments world economists today who promote that distribution and development of better manufacturing techniques to in order to produce more food and support more people. Lappe and Collins have shown through many examples that there has always been enough food production to support the global population, but that a very small percent has been in control of the land to produce the food and the food itself, once produced. humans have always found a way to intensify food production to meet local needs."

Tags:Thomas, Malthus, fossil, fuel, Population

Abstract
The science of sports psychology rests uncomfortably between pure science, theory and hype. But, as athletes make their way up successive levels from amateur to semi-professional, from pro to world- class, the physical aspects of the game stay the same. The paper shows that an athlete can only digest so much nutrition, burn so many calories in the weight room and endure a relatively fixed amount of physical training before ready to perform at a peak level. The hypothesis is that the factor which separates one level of athlete from the next, and what often prevents an athlete with much "potential" from reaching his or her goals is the mental game. The paper shows that, although this idea sounds simple, at upper levels of performance the athlete's own body can become one of the opponents on the playing field which must also be conquered. Toward this end, the "science" of sports psychology, including hypnosis, self hypnosis, guided imagery and bio-feedback have come into the sports marketplace in the last 30 years, and have proven that at the levels of performance which test the athletes total ability, conquering the mind game is the cornerstone to victory on the playing field.

Table of Contents:

Abstract
Introduction
History
Sports Psychology and Hypnosis
Desire: the First Requirement
Hypnosis, Self Hypnosis, Biofeedback
Examples of Biofeedback
Guided Imagery
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"An associative attentional focus concentrates one's awareness on bodily states, self-perceptions, and pacing or rhythm related to an activity. Conversely, a dissociative attentional focus or distraction diverts attention away from bodily self-awareness and self-perceptions and towards external stimuli or factors not related to an activity (e.g., words of a song, other people exercising). Studies have found conflicting results as to whether association or dissociation is a more effective strategy for improving performance."

Tags:Olympic, post-traumatic, stress, disorder