Abstract
Why are so many Americnas overweight? Part of the problem is that we are too much of a sedentary nation, but more properly, we eat poorly. Fawst food chains are responsible for calorie-laden foods- l;arge portions for low prices that en courage families to splurge. School lunches are finally getting attention for healthier foods, and soda machinesd are finally being removed. America's obesity is our own doing

From the Paper
AMERICA'S OBESITY; WHO IS RESPONSIBLE? Why are so many Americans of all ages, races and genders overweight? Part of the problem has nothing to do with genes or physiological disorders. It has to do with the temptations brought on by television advertisements, grocery-store end-aisle displays and the fact that today's generation simply cannot be as active as their grandparents were because they didn't have 24/7 television to settle in front of. Americans are overweight because snack manufacturers beguile them with calorie-laden temptations too good to pass up. Scientists and researchers put it plainly: "Americans have become

Tags:obesity, fast foods, diets

Abstract
This paper discusses the many health risks found to be associated with ingesting the prevalent synthetic chemical aspartame (e.g. brain function abnormality, fatigue, depression, hearing loss, and Alzheimer's). The author argues that governments should be regulating the use of aspartame in all countries because many people are unaware of it's health detriments.

From the Paper
"It is used in different food. As it does not have higher sugar calories, many people tend to prefer it. Aspartame is normally found in frozen desserts, pharmaceuticals, juice beverages, sugar-free chewing gum, soft drinks, instant breakfasts, supplements, tea beverages, wine coolers, instant teas and coffees, breath mints, yogurt, topping mixes, gelatin desserts, cereals, multivitamins, milk drinks, tabletop sweeteners, shake mixes, cocoa mixes, laxatives, and beverages.
Of the many unpleasant responses to aspartame which have been reported to the Food and Drug administration many are linked to brain functioning abnormally. Also the other reactions which have come forward are fatigue, depression, hearing loss, loss of the sense of taste, memory loss, irritability, I. insomnia, Parkinson's disease, brain tumors, mental retardation, anxiety attacks, tinnitus, vision problems, , slurred speech, chronic fatigue syndrome, birth defects, epilepsy, chronic illnesses, Alzheimer's, fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, diabetes and lymphoma. These were some problems that people were facing from aspartame."

Tags:sweetener, equal, nutrasweet, glumate, parkinson's, alzheimer's, diet

From the Paper
"As people keep growing, so does the weight loss market. There are enough different programs, food supplements and food replacements to fit any one's preference. And if one program does not work, there are plenty of others for an individual to try that will keep them busy for years.


The key to the success of commercial weight loss programs is that Americans crave quick results." According to one source, a quarter of all Americans are too fat, 13 million are seriously overweight, and nearly 20 percent of American adults (and more than half of all women) are perpetually dieting (Blodgett, 1991, p. 139). These figures compare with 1989 ones in which it was found that 100 million adult Americans are overweight and about half of those are dieting.


According to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services..."

Abstract
This study relates that its aim is to explore patterns, if any, in the eating behavior of areas around the world. The paper presents the survey and the results that there are statistically significant differences between regions/economic groups with respect to caloric intake. The paper maintains that since obesity and malnourishment are becoming such important issues in today's society, more consideration needs to be taken in order to form interventions.

Outline:
Introduction
Objective
Rationale
Theoretical
Methodology
Results
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Numerous studies performed have demonstrated several reasons that depict the growing food epidemic. Eating behavior has been correlated to the effects of daily hassles. Research has found that an increase in daily hassles was associated with an enhancement in consumption of foods high in fat and sugar along with a decrease in regular meals and vegetables (O'Connor, Jones, Conner, McMillian, & Ferguson, 2008). Abundance in caloric intake was also found in consumers when given the option of tasting full-, reduced-, or no-fat foods. Women were found to adhere to the norm of society by choosing the no-fat foods, signifying that the placement of nutrition labels on foods curbs the eating behavior of people of certain races, gender, and living place (Bushman, 1998)."

Tags:obesity, malnourishment, eating, warnings

Abstract
Food production plays a critical role in the development of people because more consumable calories means, quite simply, more people (Diamond 88). In the case of Eurasia, the continental axis meant was orientated east-west and thereby permitted Fertile Crescent crops to quickly "launch agriculture over the band of temperate latitudes from Ireland to the Indus Valley and to enrich the agriculture that grew independently in eastern Asia" (Diamond 185). Unlike the Americas, Eurasia's axis provided it with the "widest band of land at the same latitude, and hence the most dramatic example of rapid spread of domesticates" (Diamond 186).

From the Paper
Guns, Germs and Steel: 8 Questions (answered in the body of the paper) Food production plays a critical role in the development of people because more consumable calories means, quite simply, more people (Diamond, 88). In the case of Eurasia, the continental axis meant was orientated east-west and thereby permitted Fertile Crescent crops to quickly "launch agriculture over the band of temperate latitudes from Ireland to the Indus Valley and to enrich the agriculture that grew independently in eastern Asia" (Diamond, 185). Unlike the Americas, Eurasia's axis provided it with the "widest band of land at the same latitude, and hence the most dramatic example of rapid spread of domesticates" (Diamond, 186).

Tags:guns, germs, steel

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the "Hungry Girl" website that is devoted to cataloging low-calorie products, diet advice, and other forms of information presumably of interest to female dieters. The writer notes that female thinness as a visual social value rather than a health issue is reinforced through every section of the site, specifically female thinness. The writer points out that the need for help in the pursuit of thinness is also important because the young, female website surfer might fall into a high-calorie craving trap. The writer concludes that the message of "Hungry Girl" is that women are supposed to be 'consumed' by thoughts of food, rather than consuming unapproved food and that they should wish to be thin for thinness' sake, not for health reasons..

From the Paper
"Female thinness as a visual social value rather than a health issue is reinforced through every section of the site, specifically female thinness. The need for help in the pursuit of thinness is important as well, because the young, female website surfer might fall into a high-calorie craving trap without Hungry Girl's 'nice' girlfriend-like advice, or keeping track of calories and Weight Watchers points. The female-focused nature of the site is obvious from its title, but also in terms of the foods stressed on the site, like chocolate, which presumably all females wish to consume around 'that time of the month.' Also, the target audience seems to be single females, given that almost all the recipes are in single servings, and seems unlikely to be palatable to anyone but a dieter."

Tags:low-calorie, weight, control, thinness

Abstract
This paper argues that it is the large portion size and calorie content of our meals, rather than eating health-foods versus fast/junk foods, that is the true causative agent of obesity and related health problems in America. The paper bases this proposition on research done in the field of anti-aging which shows extreme life-extension and health benefits in animal and molecular studies when calories are reduced by forty percent from normal. Furthermore, the paper proposes that Americans be educated from a portion-control perspective first and a healthy-foods perspective secondarily.

Tags:Fast Food, Nutrition, McDonald's, Obesity, Anti-Aging, Calorie restriction

Abstract
This paper discusses the temptation of calorie-laden products, especially for busy and cash-strapped families who rely on take-out food for family dinners. The paper provides statistics on the economic impact of obesity and then explores what the federal government can do to reduce the obesity problem. The paper suggests proper education, nutritious meals provided in schools, an increase of physical education, assistance to low-income families in purchasing proper foods and requiring restaurants to list the calorie contents of their menus.

From the Paper
"For years now, people- including medical specialists and dieticians have asked why so many Americans are overweight? Part of the problem has nothing to do with genes or physiological disorders. Many of us overeat because temptation is right there- in fast-food stores, in end-aisle snack displays in super-markets, in being couch potatoes, watching TV with beer or sodas and potato chips close at hand.. In short, Americans are overweight because we are tempted day in and day out by snack manufacturers who produce calorie-laden products many of us simply feel are too good to pass up."

Tags:nutrition, health, calories, snacks, portions, fast-food, restaurants

Abstract
This paper examines the effects of a high fat/low-carbohydrate diet such as Atkins, on body weight and composition. This paper compares such a high fat diet to the effects of a calorie-reduced, fat-restricted diet in an attempt to answer the question of whether weight loss occurs because of a metabolic advantage. Metabolic advantage means that the body begins to use fat as energy due to a lowered carbohydrate intake.

From the Paper
"One possible reason that the subjects in the Pogliaghi and Veicsteinas (1999) study did not appear to benefit from a low-carbohydrate/high fat diet might be that they have not been participating in endurance training. As an individual exercises, the resulting muscle contractions are done using ATP. How the body creates and uses this ATP is dependant upon the amount of the energy sources available, and the intensity and duration of the exercise. In all individuals, even those who are non-obese, glycogen is generally used for ATP and thus, during moderate exercise, the body creates ATP from available glycogen. As the intensity of exercise is increased, oxygen levels in the body decrease, which makes the creation of ATP difficult. The body, at this point, will begin to burn fat to substitute for this lack of ability. Since prolonged endurance training has the affect of conditioning the muscles to "crossover" to burn glycogen after longer time duration, trained individuals will burn more fat and less glycogen than untrained individuals will. This might explain why the study done by Pogliaghi and Veicsteinas (1999) yielded such results as it did, since the individuals in the study were not trained athletes."

Tags:calories, diet, carbohydrate, hunger, Holt, meals

Abstract
For many years nutritionists advised the general public about the cardiovascular implications of maintaining a diet regimen that restricts calorie intake. Information has now surfaced that a dietary restriction (DR) regimen has neurogenic implications. A DR regimen involves calorie restriction or intermittent fasting with maintained vitamin and mineral intake. This paper focuses on the effects of a DR regimen on neurogenesis and neuroprotection in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. The contributory effect of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on neurogenesis is also examined in conjunction with a DR regimen.

From the Paper
"Further study in this field of neuroprotection involves establishing how the cellular stress induced by DR and the subsequent production of BDNF is able to increase the resistance of hippocampal neurons (2). In addition, it would be important for researchers to find applications of this neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. Neurodegenerative disorders have been characterized as involving increased oxidative and metabolic stress, and overactivation of glutamate receptors (2). If DR results in the production of BDNF, which has been found to increase neuronal resistance, then the next logical progression of this research involves their use with neurodegenerative disorders."

Tags:C57BL/6, chaperones, MAP, bromodeoxyuridine