Abstract
This paper is a critical analysis of the theme of "the primordial wilderness" in Jack London's novel, Call of the Wild. The theme of the paper concentrates on whether the character of Buck willingly heeds the call of the wilderness or is driven to experience it out of necessity.

Abstract
This essay traces the philosophical and psychological basis of the narrative. The importance of the contrast between the city and the country is noted. It focuses primarily, however, on the realization of inner savagery and the sublime nature of the complete surrender to "The Call of the Wild for Buck" in his journey of self-realization.

From the Paper
"ack London in "The Call of the Wild" uses the story of the dog Buck as a dramatization of his belief that there is a "primordial beast" within each of us that can be evoked given the right circumstances. This is what happens to Buck, a civilized dog who is taken from the home he has known and placed in a deadly, cold, and primitive environment and forced more and more to fend for himself, to defend himself against the encroachments of friend and foe alike, and for whom self-preservation becomes the most important and immediate value. As Buck is transformed from a civilized dog to a wild animal, so would a human being placed in the same situation find that his or her civilized trappings were striped away to reveal the savage living inside the veneer.

The book begins with a poem that sets the stage and defines ... "

From the Paper
"Jack London's The Call of the Wild concerns the adventures of a dog named Buck. The story takes place during the time of the Alaskan gold rush in the late 1890s. At the beginning of the novel, Buck lives a free and easy life on Judge Miller's ranch in Santa Clara, California. This peaceful existence is interrupted when one of Judge Miller's workers steals Buck in order to pay off a gambling debt (London The Call of the Wild 23). Buck is sold to dog-kidnappers who transport him to Alaska to work on a sled team. On the dog-sled team, Buck quickly learns the laws of survival of the frozen North. He soon becomes the leader of the team, by overcoming the dog Spitz in a savage fight to the death. However, Buck's adventures take a turn for the worse when the team is purchased by three incompetent gold seekers: Charles, his wife Mercedes, and his brother-in-law Hal. The dogs are..."

From the Paper
" This study will provide a comparative analysis of Jack London's The Call of the Wild and Sheila Burnford's The Incredible Journey. The study will emphasize the differences between the two novels with respect to the audiences and purposes for which the authors are writing. Although both works are about animals, Burnford's story is typical of much children's literature in that it is carefully designed to make her child readers "better" in both a personal and social sense (braver, more loving, better citizens, etc.), while London's tale is meant to challenge his adult readers with respect to their perception and experience of human reality.

Burnford herself said that The Incredible Journey was "not intended . . . as a book for children," although it was the recipient of the Canadian Children's Book of the Year award for.."

Abstract
A close reading of a passage is different than analyzing a portion of text, yet it is similar in many ways. "The candles dropped hot, acrid gouts of wax on my bare shoulders. I watched with my furious cynicism peculiar to women whom circumstances force mutely to witness folly, while my father, fired in his desperation by more and yet more draughts of the fire water they call "grappa", rids himself of the last scraps of my inheritance. When we left Russia, we owned black earth, blue forest with bear and wild boar, serfs, cornfields, farmyards, my beloved horses, white nights of cool summer, the fireworks of the northern lights. What a burden all those possessions must have been to him, because he laughs as if with glee as he beggars himself; he is in such a passion to donate all to The Beast." This paper does a close reading of the above text. It discusses punctuation, diction, features of sound, sentence types, and the sense the speaker gives to the passage.

Abstract
This paper explores the social commentary in both Shaw's "Major Barbara", and Wilde's "The Importance of Being Earnest". The paper discusses the satirical style of each. It concludes that both authors used the parody as a way of calling attention to the inequities of society.

Abstract
This paper is an examination of the social dominance and mating strategies of wild baboons in the Serengeti from the late 1970s. The paper delves into the way in which the author anthropomorphized his subjects, assigning biblical names and drawing disturbing parallels between their own social hierarchies and that of humans. The paper relates that he tracks them for many summers until a plague wreaks havoc on their social group.

From the Paper
"This paper shall examine the life of primate through a `memoir' written by Robert M. Sapolsky called "A Primate's Memoir". It will analyze social hierarchies among a population of baboons in the Serengeti. This essay will also look closely at each individual's social and hierarchical position in the group and more importantly, the various social and mating strategies employed by different members of the troop.
"Social Behavior and Hierarchy in Wild Baboons: Robert M. Sapolsky's (2002) extraordinary book, "A Primate's Memoir: A Neuroscientist's Unconventional Life among Baboons" offers a deep and..."

Tags:alpha male, status, dominance

Abstract
The paper relates that, in "Origin of Species", Darwin shows that both domesticated and wild species are variable, and that this variation is hereditary. Impossible to prove at the time of Darwin's writings, the author points out supporting evidence that is available today. The paper relates the many people that influenced Darwin. The author concludes that Darwin created his theory with no knowledge of genetics and yet it stands true with Gregor Mendel's work.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Theory
Supporting Evidence
Age of the Earth
Vestigial Organs
Fossil Record
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Darwin's friendship with Henslow led him to become a naturalist aboard the H.M.S. Beagle. It would be during this time that he would take notes about many geological and biological observations and collect and observe different species that would lead to the discovery of natural selection, but it would not be until his 5-year voyage was over that he would begin to develop his theory. He published his work, The Origin of Species, when another naturalist, Alfred Russell Wallace, independently reached the same conclusions."

Tags:gould, uniformitarianism, fossilsinheritance, competition

Abstract
This paper uses London's works "White Fang," "Call of the Wild "and" Sea-Wolf" as examples of how London uses wolves to represent certain naturalistic and Darwinist facets in his works. London's use of the "wolf-dog" represents the basest of man's instincts, survival of the fittest. In all three books, London's characters are reduced to their lowest levels as they struggle with the natural elements, and attempt to emulate the survival skills of the mighty wolf, and thereby survive in their newfound environment.

From the Paper
"London populates his books with rugged outdoorsmen trying to make their way through the natural world. Many authors' characters make you care about them, or wonder what happened to them, London's often do not. For example, in "Sea-Wolf," there is no feeling of sadness when the captain dies; there is only a sense of relief and revenge. London is often much more concerned with the elements and animals as they relate to man, thus, they are only concerned about their survival and their ultimate ability to adapt to their surroundings. London uses these characteristics of naturalism and Darwinism extensively in his work as he writes about the natural world and "survival of the fittest."
In literature, critics use naturalism to describe works that give an unforgiving, realistic view of nature, with mankind at its mercy. "Dark spruce forest frowned on either side the frozen waterway. The trees had been stripped by a recent wind of their white covering of frost, and they seemed to lean toward each other, black and ominous, in the fading light" (White Fang 93). In naturalism, it is only the strong that will survive their battle with nature, the elements, and their surroundings. "This 'naturalism,' flowing in both streams, is partly defying Nature and partly submitting to it" (McClintock 55). While naturalism can be construed as many things, Donald Pizer's definition of naturalism seems the closest to London's own concept and intent."

Tags:naturalism, White, Fang, Call, of, the, Wild, Sea-Wolf