Abstract This paper explores what makes a Californian artist and how this definition has changed throughout history. It describes the terms which characterize Californian art such as: plein-air painting, tonalist painting, and more. It details certain famous Californian artists like Amil Jean Kosa Jr., Simon Rodia and many more. It studies the major influences on Californian artists ranging from New York to Europe.
From the Paper "To write about a California style of painting is to write about a subject as large and diverse as the state itself, which is to say that nearly everything that has been done in art since at least World War II and probably since the beginning of the 20th century has been done in California. And yet despite the diversity of art that is created in the state ? which means that in one sense there is no particularly Californian style of art ? there are certain artists who seem to typify what might be called a Californian mode of expression for us. This paper explores what makes certain artists ? regardless of their biographical antecedents ? quintessentially California and how what constitutes the Californian artist changes from one historical moment to the next."
Abstract The paper discusses how the discovery of gold in 1848 and the subsequent influx of thousands of people into the region created the foundations and the special character of California today. The paper relates that many historians see the Californian gold rush as having an extensive national as well as regional influence.
Outline:
Introduction
A Brief Overview
The Effect on the Development Growth of California
Conclusion
From the Paper "The discovery of gold in Caliornia was an event that changed the region and which had a profound impact on the country as a whole. This historical event is even described as "epoch-making. ( Color in the River) The effects of this event had a far-reaching impact on the social structure of the region and also on economic, political, judicial aspects, as well as the cultural development of California. The influx of thousands of people into California in search of gold "...transformed not only the economic history of California, but much of its social, cultural, and political history as well." ( Color in the River)"
Abstract This paper will discuss the demise of the Californian Indians that populated much of the territory before the white men came in to the country. The issues that will be explored in this paper will deal with certain tribes and how they were exterminated from the Californian coast because of land problems (dealing with gold), technology, cultural weaknesses and other sources of man-made manifest destiny (such as warfare) that Americans took out on these tribes. By understanding the scope of history that surrounds the fall of the Indian tribes of California, we can see how they were cajoled into accepting an inferior rank to the white settlers that slowly, but surely, removed them from the land that was once theirs.
Abstract In this article, the writer explores the historical interaction between Californian societies and the state's climate, its location, and its curious geology - of which its vast stores of precious minerals is the most conspicuous feature. Although many things can potentially be said about this relationship, this paper argues that human societies in the Golden State have been profoundly shaped by their interaction - and occasional collision - with Mother Nature. The writer maintains that one cannot understand Californian society, where it has been and where it is going, without understanding its interaction to the environment. The paper looks at how human societies in California have been shaped by the region's environment, with particular attention being paid to the state's climate, geographic location and geology.
From the Paper "Proceeding further, it must be borne in mind that California's geographic location has historically made it isolated - not least of all because wind flows made it difficult for pre-modern ships to travel up the coast, thereby discouraging travel from Latin America, Europe and the United States. At the same time, whatever human societies sprang up in California - especially those that rose to ascendance after the founding of the earliest American colonies - had to deal with the unhappy fact that the land they called their own was on the same continental land-mass as the rapidly-growing Americans; likewise, Mexico was not far of and they, too, had designs on completely subjugating the California territory. Interestingly, a case can be made that ongoing nineteenth century disputes with Mexican leaders and elites about the extent of Mexican central government control in California were scarcely less vehement and acrimonious than the disputes "Californios" would similarly have with unruly US settlers trying to turn the region into a possession of the burgeoning United States."
Tags: territories, socio-economic, commodities, region
Abstract Considers whether Californians are better off than the rest of the nation. Discusses several factors to determine answer. Crime in California. Air pollution problem. Marriage and divorce rates. Health outlook including birth rate. Unemployment rate. Creation of new jobs. Poverty rates and high income level. Inflation. Housing costs. 1 Table.
From the Paper "The average American is interested in the state of the national economy, crime and pollution in that these are regularly reported in the news and may even provide a barometer for the nation's performance. But the average American is far more interested in local issues since those are the statistics that have a real-world impact on his or her life. This research examines ten such issues and considers whether Californians are better off than the rest of the country as a whole.
The National Economy
One of the most common statistics used to measure the economy is the real gross domestic product (real GDP). The following chart illustrates that the national real GDP has been increasing over the past six quarters, which means that the American economy is producing more goods and services in each ..."
Abstract This paper explores the impact of the Californian Gold Rush on the history of the state of California. This paper discusses the events leading up to this event, the history of the event and how the Gold Rush totally transformed the face of California.
From the Paper "The California Gold Rush was one of the single most important events in the history of that state. It quite literally changed the face of the region, not only physically and environmentally but also demographically and politically. For the Californians who had settled there before the Gold Rush, the events of the mid to late nineteenth century would utterly transform their world. The newcomers who arrived in search of their fortunes consumed and forever changed the fate of that state to be. Had gold never been discovered in California, modern California would be entirely unrecognizable to our modern eyes. The Gold Rush began in California in 1848 when James Marshall, a sawmill operator about forty-five miles northeast of Sacramento, came across what he thought might be gold."
Abstract The paper discusses research of stem cells and explores why stem cell research is so compelling for Californians in particular and what historical issues in California's evolution have led to California leading the nation in stem cell research advocacy. The paper explains the reluctance of some to allow this type of research; the idea of eugenics and the thought of creating a human embryo to produce the stem cells creates ethical questions. The paper concludes that Californians are committed to innovation. If a way exists to bypass conservative concerns and create a disease-free world, Californians are sure to find that way.
From the Paper "The thought of a disease-free future for mankind is a tantalizing thought indeed. Imagine a time when no one gets sick anymore. No more AIDS, no more cancer, no more measles, mumps, or even the common cold. Everyone lives happily on the earth in a state of robust and perpetual health. Even aging, long thought to be an inevitable by-product of getting older, is a thing of the past, with people routinely looking like they are in their 30s well into their 90s. Who would not want such a world? Advocates of stem cell research believe that this world is within our grasp. Stem cells, those almost magical foundation cells of tiny embryos that can become anything, are being hailed far and wide as the answer to all of mankind's medical problems. Research into the power of stem cells is already very promising and incredibly exciting. Yet there is a strong and vocal faction of people who are opposed not only to using stem cells to treat and heal disease, but are also opposed to any kind of research involving stem cells, due to the fact that embryos must be created and then destroyed in order to conduct the research. It is an ongoing debate, and California is at the forefront of it, with a governor that openly supports the research and a bevy of scientists eager to explore the possibilities that stem cells present. Stem cell research represents the "California dream" at its best......instant and dramatic results to long-standing problems. The people of California largely support the issue, as well, perhaps more strongly than anywhere else in the nation. Why is stem cell research so compelling for Californians in particular, and what historical issues in California's evolution have lead to California leading the nation in stem cell research advocacy? This paper aims to explore these questions."
Abstract This paper focuses on the transition that has occurred within those living in California, where the Californian natives no longer are forced to adapt to the confines of water within the region. However, in promoting their ability to transform the arid Californian landscape, the human residents have also created conditions in which the need to import mass quantities of water has become a liability.
Abstract This paper will be about "Dark Sweat, White Gold: California Farm Workers, Cotton and the New Deal" by Derva Weber. A summary of this book will be revealed to give the historical information that was so a part of the Californian economy at this period in time. By understanding the notions that author is presenting in the awful labor conditions of the Mexican-American worker, we can see why she has given an elucidated version of Californian history.
Abstract The paper interprets and explains the significance of the Mexican-American War. The paper discusses its importance for the Chicano/Latino community as well as the larger Californian and American societies. The paper briefly examines the background and causes of the war and then analyzes its aftermath and significance.
Outline:
Background of the War and its Causes
Aftermath & Significance of the War for the American & Californian Societies
From the Paper "In order to understand fully the significance of the Mexican-American War, it is important to briefly examine its background and causes. Much before the start of its war with Mexico, the Americans were infused with the concept of Manifest Destiny : the view that the United States had a God-given mandate to expand its territories in the West in order to spread the American ideals of freedom and democracy to the supposedly inferior and uncivilized peoples of the Continent (Decebal, n.d.)."
Tags: Manifest, Destiny, Chicano, Latino, community
Abstract This paper examines the species of seals, Otariidae, called sea lions. The author specifically discusses the sea lions that inhabit Californian shores. The paper describes their appearances, characteristics, their prey, and how they interact with humans. The author also discusses their mating rituals, and how sea lions were greatly affected by El Nino, and other dangers they face in nature.
From the Paper "Successful sea lion mating lead to small litters of sea lion pups born after a gestation period of 12 months, are brown. Most pups are born in June or July and weigh 13-20 lbs ? amazingly small considering the size that they will attain as mature adults. They nurse for at least half a year and sometimes over a year. Mothers recognize pups on crowded rookeries through smell, sight, and vocalizations, and pups use these same clues to recognize their mothers, who will breed again a few weeks after birth. Males patrol territories and bark almost continuously during the breeding season helping to maintain their social standing (if they have a high social status and hoping to disrupt the social order if they have a low status."
A paper on the sociology and linguistic perspectives of "The Ebonics Resolution" a Californian plan to accept African-American language as the primary language of African-American students.
Abstract The paper shows that in 1996, the Oakland School Board in California passed the "Ebonics Resolution" - a plan to accept African-American language, termed Ebonics, as the primary language of African-American students and to implement a system to teach them in their primary language as a means of assisting them to learn standard American English. The paper discusses the debate that followed involving the public and the media. It shows that while the linguistic experts in the field were in support of the Ebonics Resolution, the Resolution had a significant social impact. By comparing the meaning of the issue from a sociological and a linguistic perspective, the paper shows the real issues involved in their entirety.
From the Paper "In the Ebonics debate the part of culture involved is language, a very basic component of our society. Language is something that is taken for granted, with the belief of the general population being that the accepted language is the correct one. The social rejection of Ebonics and the rejection of accepting it as a primary language can be seen as a form of the majority group of society asserting their own belief in their superiority. This is not necessarily representing that the majority group do not want to accept others. Instead it reflects the basic principle of society assuming that the majority group is correct."
Tags: LSA, dialect, communication, AAVE, ethnic, groups
Examines state constitution, separation of powers, governor, bicameral legislature, school system, Supreme Court, and examples of initiative & legislative process.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 14 sources, 1999, $ 63.95
From the Paper "CALIFORNIA POLITICAL SYSTEM
This research paper discusss the essential and unique features of the California political system, including an analysis of its constitution and the working of some of its basic institutions, as illustrated by some contemporary problems.
California Constitution
The California constitution is the result of two constitutional conventions, one in Monterey in 1849 called just before the state was admitted to the Union, a second in 1879 and, as of 1992, a total of 445 amendments approved by the voters out of the 685 proposed by the legislature and another 35 amendments resulting from 115 initiatives on the popular ballot. The Constitution is a cumbersome document, containing over 34,000 words, much longer than the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution.."
Abstract This paper looks at Lancaster, CA , one of the greatest success stories of Los Angeles County which grew from a non-existent area to a busy suburb in less than a century. It evaluates its history from its discovery in 1876 through the major building projects that were undertaken during the economic boom of 1920s to receiving city status in 1977 and examines its development with services such as post offices, schools and hotels over the years. Today Lancaster is a highly urbanized city and it boasts of a very well educated community. With a land area of close to 229.975 square kilometers, this city is quite self-sufficient as people have easy access to all modern facilities and well-known supermarket chains.
From the Paper "It is amazing that by 1930s, there were literally no medical clinics in the area. Lyle Sadler in his early recollections of Palmdale and Lancaster confirms the lack of medical facilities in this area. He writes, ?For many years there were no doctors in Palmdale and a good part of the time none in Lancaster either--people took care of themselves and each other or went for Mom Everett, a midwife who delivered most of the babies, scarcely ever lost one either. She was a pretty good substitute for a doctor.? (See reference 2) Therefore the opening of its first big hospital in 1963 was a grand occasion for people here."
Tags: suburb, city, schools, services, community, los, angeles
Abstract A discussion and analysis of "The Life and Adventures of Joanquin Murieta, the Celebrated California Bandit", written by Native American Cherokee, John Rollin Ridge, in 1854. The paper discusses the uniqueness of the novel, not only because it was the first book published by a Native American author, but also because it provides a clear picture of what life was like for the "foreigners" during the California Gold Rush. The paper analyzes the book which tells the story of a Mexican-American, Joaquin Murieta, who turns to crime and banditry after being treated badly by the local Californian community.
From the Paper "Stylistically, the book is certainly full of flowery and romantic language, which was the common writing style at the time. Ridge paints a vivid portrait of Murieta, and life at the time in the gold fields of California. It was a violent time. It was a time when the oppressed needed heroes and Joaqu"n fit the bill perfectly. While Ridge's account can never be called a true history, it is certainly filled with the day-to-day life in the mining camps at the time. If Joaqu"n Murieta ever existed, he certainly existed in the mind of John Rollin Ridge, whose novel brought him vividly to life. While the novel may have its problems, it is an interesting look at California's past, and a worthwhile read for anyone interested in learning more about folklore, and how it gets started."
