Abstract This paper explores the development and history of America's communitycolleges. The paper looks at the historical role of communitycolleges and traces the evolution of that role to the contemporary role these colleges have today. Additionally, the paper discusses the implications of the expanded role of communitycolleges.
From the Paper "This paper examines the development of community colleges in the United States, from their establishment until the present day. The paper explores the historical role of the community college and traces the evolution of this role from one of preparing undergraduate students for transfer to four-year institutions to a much broader-based community role in which the community college works with local businesses industries and governments to prepare individuals for specific career fields and job opportunities without a necessary reference to education..."
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the major historical turning points in the development of communitycolleges over the course of the past one hundred years. Primarily, it focuses on how the nature of these institutions transformed from mere variations of the junior college into a medium of educational egalitarianism.
From the Paper "The history of the community college as an institution in America is one that stretches back more than one hundred years into the annals of higher education in the New World. Unlike the educational institutions of the Old World that were transplanted to the Americas in an often dogmatic fashion, the community colleges that arose during the course of the twentieth century have proved to be quite innovative right from the start, challenging many of the existing precepts about what constitutes higher education and exactly who deserves to receive it (O'Banion, 1997). For that reason, if no other, community colleges occupy as position of institutional primacy in the history of education in America. The purpose of this study is to examine some of the major historical turning points in the development of community colleges over the course of the past one hundred years. "
Abstract This paper provides a review of the current, relevant peer-related and scholarly literature to identify a set of best practices that can promote the success of communitycollege students. A discussion of the programs and strategies considered to be most appropriate for Hispanic students' success is followed by supporting rationale. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "Both community colleges involved in the transfer program maintain (a) high profile transfer advising programs, (b) actively seek out innovative arrangements with a variety of institutions and institutional types, (c) invite a variety of campus recruiters to visit, (d) visit a variety of campuses themselves, and (d) invest resources in advertising themselves to potential and current students as being places that facilitate transfer. In sum, the transfer program helps Smith diversify its student body while providing minority students with the opportunity to attend a four-year college they might not have otherwise considered. For example, For Smith, "It is helpful for the academic image of the community colleges involved to be able to say they send students to four-year institutions such as Smith."
Abstract This paper examines the background of issues that gave rise to Proposition AA, the contents of Proposition AA itself and the proposition's critics. Proposition AA allows voters to decide whether to approve the financing for renovations at the district's nine communitycolleges, as well as construct new facilities that have been previously launched under Proposition A.
From the Paper "Like many social service-oriented sectors of local government, the Los Angeles Community College District is facing severe financial challenges. California governor Gray Davis has announced $21 million in state budget cuts, potentially reducing even further the stretched resources of the community college system."
This paper considers the questions raised by Andrew M. Gill and Duane E. Leigh in their evaluation of California's communitycolleges and how they design their research to address those questions.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, 2006, $ 71.95
Abstract This paper reviews a study by Andrew M. Gill and Duane E. Leigh regarding the need for alternative models to use in evaluating California's communitycolleges. The arguments, data, methods, and findings are reviewed and critiqued. It is found that the research makes important points, but is incomplete. Specifically the data and analysis are strong, but the theoretical arguments are lacking.
From the Paper "In their study of California's community college programs, Andrew Gil and Duane Leigh (2004) address the curricular approaches and emphases of California's community colleges in order to determine how these colleges are performing in relation to their missions and whether discernible differences exist in those missions. They also consider whether there is a definable standard by which to judge successful performance of colleges in relation to state expectations."
This paper discusses the Californiacommunitycollege system: Functions, management, economics, curricula, role of state government, relations with four-year colleges and the future.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 9 sources, 1995, $ 87.95
From the Paper "The community college has played a vital part in the overall system of public education for the United States for some time, providing students with a low-cost entry to college, with an alternative for some students, with a vocational program for those needing that type of training, and so on. The system has traditionally been an important part of the community, working with high schools and universities alike to provide added opportunity for the disadvantaged and those requiring additional classroom learning before going on to a four-year college or university. More recently, though, community colleges have been faced with many of the same financial pressures affecting other institutions of higher learning, and this along with increased enrollment has created a number of problems with which community ... "
Abstract This paper explains that the private St. Petersburg Junior College was the first successful junior college in Florida and that Palm Beach Junior College was the first public junior college, founded in 1933. The author points out that, in 1957, the CommunityCollege Council recommended that communitycolleges be established within commuting distance of 99% of the population in Florida, thus beginning the expansion of the communitycollege system. Today, there are 28 communitycolleges in Florida. The paper relates that some of the communitycolleges have initiated baccalaureate degrees, particularly in education, nursing and applied science, and certification and re-certification of teachers.
From the Paper "Community and Junior Colleges in the United States accommodated many students who would otherwise not be able to attend college. These students have various reasons for not attending Community Colleges. Two reasons that are at the forefront are financial constraints and inadequate high school academic grades. Community colleges offered students vocational education, adult education, associate degree programs and the first 2 years of a baccalaureate degree."
Abstract In this article, the writer defines 'CommunityColleges', in the United States of America and in Canada, at times also known as 'Junior Colleges', as educational institutions that would provide post secondary education, or in other words, the continuing education that is pursued after attending either high school, or a secondary school. The writer discusses that one of the biggest advantages of a CommunityCollege is that it is in general geared towards the educational support of students from the local communities and for those students who cannot afford to pay for campus or off site housing during their four year college studies, it is possible for them to stay in the local communities even while attending college. The writer examines the system of the CommunityCollege from an educational and an economical point of view.
From the Paper "Many Community Colleges, including those in North Carolina, have today been able to effectively establish selective admissions programs for their colleges, for certain specialized areas of education, like for example, nursing. It can be stated that if all Community Colleges were to adapt the same principle, whereby they would at the outset develop the programs that would be most in keeping with their missions and then later admit students up to the point that these missions would be accomplished, and then eventually close the doors to any more enrollments, then it would be an infinitely better prospect for the students seeking admission, especially for those students who are given admission, but for whom there is no appropriate funding. At the same time, they must also make sure that there are representatives from all segments of society, and this would mean that it would indeed be possible to preserve the open access system even today."
Abstract This paper looks at the reasons an internationalized curriculum will benefit communitycolleges and their students. We are an increasingly global society, and it is getting more and more difficult for people to function in the business world without some sort of international understanding. It is becoming clear that if this nation is to compete in a global market, our students must be taught an international perspective. There are many techniques for integrating international objectives into coursework, and if done properly, these objectives can be seamlessly introduced into the existing curriculum of almost any college class. Several communitycolleges across the nation are already making an effort to incorporate internationalization into their college environment. When internationalization of the communitycollege curriculum takes place, everyone benefits.
Abstract This paper is on the topic of the junior or communitycollege. How has the role of the communitycollege changed over time? What should the role of the communitycollege be? How do technological and economical factors change the market for educational services?
Abstract In this article, the writer claims that properly administered, articulation agreements can provide students with the framework they need to ensure they receive credit for coursework accomplished at communitycolleges, while providing the receiving institutions with the reassurance they require to grant such credit. The writer notes however, that improperly performed, these agreements can actually do more harm than good. To determine how they are intended to operate in practice, this paper provides an overview of articulation agreements and their impact on communitycollege enrollment in general, with an emphasis on North Carolina communitycolleges in particular. An analysis of the relevant literature is followed by a summary of research in the conclusion.
Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Constraints to Developing Effective Articulation Agreements.
Conclusion
From the Paper "The role of the community college in the baccalaureate education process has traditionally been associated with the first two years of college; therefore, state policies and articulation agreements have focused on connecting a prescribed sequence of lower-division courses at the community college with upper-division courses at four-year institutions. In their traditional roles, community colleges provide a starting point to higher education; community college students earn at least 12 credit hours at the community college, then transfer to a four-year institution to complete a bachelor's degree. This role recognizes that a substantial percentage of American students will begin their higher education and complete a substantial number of credits at the community college; 12 credit hours has been established as the minimal equivalent of full-time enrollment for one semester, as a basis for classifying a student as a community college transfer ."
Abstract An explanation of how communitycolleges play a vital role in education today. It explains that they offer up to two years of college to students who might not otherwise be able to afford four years of college. It also states that they are convenient, located in the community so students can continue with the rest of their lives, including where they live and jobs they may currently hold.
From the Paper "In the process, community colleges have opened the doors to college for all sectors of society. When the first community college was founded, four-year colleges tended to be elitist. Only students who came from well-to-do families could afford college, and many admitted males but not females (Walker, 2001). Community colleges made at least some college education available to all, including those with little money, those with family obligations that prevented them from going away to college, those with shaky academic records, and even those in need of remedial education in order to succeed in college (Walker, 2001). Since the end of World War II and the G.I. Bill, the age of college graduates has crept upwards. In 1970, only 10% of recent college graduates were age 24 ? 34. However, in 1999, that group had grown to 21% (Erdman, 2000)."
Abstract Communitycolleges traditionally offer two-year degrees. This paper explores the possibility, costs, advantages and disadvantages of these same colleges offering four-year degrees as well. It discusses accreditation, student make-up and college classification.
From the Paper "Recently, the post-secondary educational market has seen many changes. Recent years have seen the advent of on-line schools, distance learning and a variety of two-year and community colleges have appeared on the market place. Many two-year community colleges currently offer transfer programs into four-year degree programs. Attending a two-year community college to complete the general requirements of a four-year degree program is quite cost effective. There are also several pitfalls, such as accreditation differences between the two programs. As a result, many times students waste valuable time and money in having to repeat work already completed at the two-year program because the four-year program will not accept the credits. For many students the idea of attending a four-year program is not possible because of cost restraints, yet they still wish the benefits afforded by a four-year degree. This raises an important question, should community colleges offer four-year degrees?"
Abstract This paper looks at the different leadership and teaching styles attributed to communitycolleges due to the vast range of types of students that attend. It examines how research has determined differing leadership styles among people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds as well as men and women. It reviews older, non-traditional students, comparing them to younger students and also compares students with high GPAs to students with lower GPAs.
Outline
The Faculty of CommunityColleges Diversity and Learning Styles
Mathematics Education
Other Research
Conclusion
From the Paper "Arce Vazquez investigated learning styles among community college students in Puerto Rico among high risk, non-traditional students (Vazquez, 1985). Troubled students showed a preference for bright light, cool temperature, silence, formal seating arrangements, and studying in pairs, with an expert, or alone. Although these students were motivated, they also needed external motivation occasionally. They saw themselves as responsible, persistent and needing structure. These students professed to learn better by hearing and expressed a preference for kinesthetic experiences. They were most active in the early morning and in the evening."
Abstract This paper discusses the benefits of attending a communitycollege or two-year trade school before entering a four-year degree program. It suggests that this will offer the students the opportunity to sharpen their skills and personal interactions, as well as decide what their goals are for the future. The paper describes the history and evolution of communitycolleges.
From the Paper "In addition, to appreciate the nature of community colleges' interconnectedness with other innovations in secondary and higher education, we need a full history of the institution, one that recognizes its early role in the preparation of teachers and its relationship to the restructuring of secondary education. As suggested elsewhere, community college development was not a socially or educationally isolated phenomenon. Original junior colleges came into being at the same time as, and were enabled by, the advent of kindergartens, middle schools, junior high schools, and compulsory secondary education ( Ratcliff ). To fully appreciate and analyze the role and scope of the community college in American higher education, it is necessary to consider all seven streams."
