Abstract
The paper discusses the figure and speeches of John C. Calhoun, with a focus on his response to the Tariff of Abominations and the compact theory of government. The paper argues that although the Civil War had a complex beginning, Calhoun's rhetoric was certainly instrumental in dividing the country into its warring factions.

From the Paper
"Even one hundred and fifty years after its conclusion, the Civil War remains one of the most controversial issues in American history. The memories of slavery that any mention of the Civil War recalls stirs up racial tensions even today, and this can make any real grievance that the South had prior to this conflict seem almost taboo to mention, as though the evil of slavery tainted all things Southern. One figure that is especially divisive in this regard is John C. Calhoun. Some even give him the credit of being the primary cause of the Civil War (Weider).
"While John C. Calhoun's personality certainly is one of the most important and one of the most controversial of the causes of the Civil War, but there are other factors that also carried great weight. The Tariff of Abominations, as it came to be known, was instituted in 1828 to protect Northern industries from foreign competition, with drastic economic effects on the South (Foreign Affairs). This tariff was one of Calhoun's main points of argument with the policies of the North, and fueled the rhetoric that he used to help stir up the Civil War (ThinkQuest)."

Tags:Tariff, of, Abominations, compact, theory, federal, government, secession

Abstract
This paper presents the political career of John C. Calhoun who was renowned for his orator ability. The author reviews the many positions he held and his views on slavery.

Abstract
This paper presents a look at John C. Calhoun, controversial Southern politician, and his political views on slavery. The author explores several of his speeches as well as his life to explain where he came from and how he became such a controversial politician. The paper explains his reasons for encouraging the continuation of slavery in the South.

From the Paper
"Throughout American history there have been many people who had had an influence in the course the nation took. John C. Calhoun was one such individual. He was a man who rose to great heights in the political arena and was well known for his controversial views on many issues, Holst, 2001. He was the champion for the south when it came to the issue of slavery and he spoke loud and clear when it came to representing what it was his constituents wanted done about it. Calhoun was a man who was bright, ambitious and goal oriented. He spent his life working for what he believed in. Whether we agree or disagree with his actual views we are hard pressed to say he did not try."

Tags:slavery, plantation, civil, war, abolition, south, economics, politics, depression

Abstract
The paper looks at William Seward's "Higher Law" speech where he speaks against slavery as morally wrong, and then examines how John Calhoun speaks out against the Clay Compromise measures. The paper looks at how he emphasizes northern aggression and attempts to persuade his audience against any kind of compromise, and that only secession will solve all problems. Finally, the paper shows how Daniel Webster appeals to logic and common sense when he speaks out against secession; he knew that while the idea of a divided Union might have sounded good, it would never work.

From the Paper
"In his "Higher Law" speech, William Seward reveals his opinions toward slavery pointing out that he believed it to be morally wrong. He encouraged his readers to think outside the box, so to speak when considering the aspect of slavery and freedom. He could not deny that slavery was legal in regard to the Constitution but what he so desperately wanted others to realize is that the Constitution did not protect the act of slavery. This might have seemed like a flimsy argument, but Seward recognized the difference and articulated it in this speech. He realized that the two could not rationally exist and still uphold one of the most precious rights Americans possess and that is the right to pursue happiness. Seward wrote, "There is another aspect of the principle of compromise which deserves consideration. It assumes that slavery, if not the only institution in a slave state, is at least a ruling institution, and that this characteristic is recognized by the Constitution" (Seward 21). Here we see that Seward is not attempting to change the Constitution. He then writes, "But slavery is only one of many institutions there. Freedom is equally an institution there. Slavery is only a temporary, accidental, partial, and incongruous one. Freedom on the contrary, is a perpetual, organic, universal one, in harmony with the Constitution of the United States" (Seward 21)."

Tags:Constitution, Clay, Compromise, North, Union

Abstract
The paper discusses the 1850 Henry Clay laws that were later known as the Clay Bill or "Compromise of 1850." Henry Clay's proposition prompted much controversy, but was ultimately passed via two separate measures in Congress. The paper explains that Webster promoted passage of the Compromise of 1850 because he viewed unification of the north and south as the most important political issue for consideration. The paper examines how Calhoun approached the Compromise as an opportunity to discuss the evils of the power hungry north. The paper reveals that while at first glance it may seem that the Compromise of 1850 supported more free states and the abolition of slavery, in fact it made life more difficult for fugitive slaves.

Outline:
Introduction
Analysis of Text
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Daniel Webster promoted passage of the Compromise of 1950 through his speech, which highlighted the importance of creating a solidarity among people living in the north and the south. Webster's primary argument included the position that since the time of the Constitution much change had occurred within the states. Webster suggests that the North and South were once in agreement that slavery was at best an "immoral and an evil practice", and that such practice could only be considered "inhuman and cruel.""

Tags:slavery, North, South, freedom

Abstract
This paper summarizes a report by Cheshire Calhoun entitled "Separating Lesbian Theory from Feminist Theory" on differences between lesbianism and feminism and why these differences matter when discussing their problems. The report discusses the issue of male oppression and the various theoretical constructs used to examine these issues in society today, with reference to certain specific theorists.

From the Paper
"Cheshire Calhoun in her article "Separating Lesbian Theory from Feminist Theory" begins by citing Heidi Hartmann to the effect that Marxism and feminism had become conjoined, leading to a consideration of the nature of lesbian feminism and its relationship to Marxism and to other theoretical constructs. Many Marxist theorists have seen lesbianism as a feminist resistance to male dominance, while few lesbian theorists now see the issue in that light. Instead, they see the issue more and more in terms of women's relation to women and to a number of oppositions among lesbians as among others in society, addressing issues of ageism, racism, anti-Semitism and so on."

Tags:lesbian, feminist, theory

Abstract
The paper discusses how people in our society are wont to take great pleasure in the reassuring notion that we live in a free country, however, recent academic publications give cause to consider whether in fact we are free at all. The paper discusses Vered Amit-Talai's research-based article "Waltz of Sociability: Intimacy, Dislocation, and Friendship in a Quebec High School" that paints a bleak picture of adolescents whose lives are entirely circumscribed by adult's preconceptions, and who are ultimately coerced into an understanding of intimacy as a prelude to loss. Moving to the adult realm, the paper looks at how Tom Delph-Janiurek in "Sounding Gender(ed): Vocal Performances in English University Teaching Spaces" suggests that we do not even choose our voices - that female and male voice patterns and tones are a response to socialization. The paper addresses the fascinating terrain of gender as controlled not by biology, but by a more subtle (but equally irresistible) force, that is, social expectations and conditioning. The paper explains that all of this begs the question of whether it is possible to escape socializing forces and create one's own personality and expression. In this respect, the paper then considers Cheshire Calhoun's discussion of butch and femme lesbianism in her article "Separating Lesbian Theory from Feminist Theory."

From the Paper
"People in our society are wont to take great pleasure in the reassuring notion that we live in a free country. However, recent academic publications give cause to consider whether in fact we are free at all. For example, Vered Amit-Talai's research-based article "Waltz of Sociability: Intimacy, Dislocation, and Friendship in a Quebec High School" paints a bleak picture of adolescents whose lives are entirely circumscribed by adult's preconceptions, and who are ultimately coerced into an understanding of intimacy as a prelude to loss. Moving to the adult realm, Tom Delph-Janiurek in "Sounding Gender(ed): Vocal...""

Tags:freedom, calhoun, society

Abstract
In this article, the writer provides an analysis of the views of John Calhoun and Daniel Webster concerning the Compromise of 1850 and the issue of slavery. The writer looks at the debate in Congress over the issue of the slave question.

From the Paper
"The Compromise of 1850 was the result a heated and at times vicious debate in Congress between the advocates of slavery and the abolitionists. Two of the main figures of this debate were John Calhoun who summarized the South's grievances and Daniel Webster who advocated moderation. The crux of the debate was the institution of slavery which threatened to tear the nascent Union asunder. The South was reliant on slavery for its economic growth while many in the North found the practice immoral and worked to subvert it."

Tags:1850, compromise, slavery, south, north, secession, congress, calhoun, webster

Abstract
This paper integrates several Civil War topics, including the power dynamics of oligarchies in the antebellum South, the authorship and diffusion of pro-slavery ideology, the development and implications of the plantation slavery economy, and an analysis of different explanations for the collapse of the Confederacy, into the thesis that the South's lack of pragmatism and adaptability brought about its defeat. The writer dissects the discourse of James Henry Hammond and John C. Calhoun and presents pro-slavery ideology as a fundamentally conservative reaction to early capitalism that diffused from a planter elite to the Southern masses through the conflation of the Southern identity with the institution of slavery. The industrial and technological stagnation, aristocratic trends, and dependent nature of the Southern economy are weighed as cogent factors in the failure of Confederate resources. The writer explains, using cognitive dissonance theory, how the conflicting elements of Confederate nationalism, such as scriptural fundamentalism, states' rights theory, and pro-slavery discourse, failed to successfully coexist with the reality of slavery and led to problems with strategy, conscription, enlistment, and solidarity.

Paper Outline
I. Introduction
II. Reactionary, Principled Ideology
III. Socioeconomic Maladjustment
IV. Confederate Defeat by Tradition and Ideology
V. Conclusion

From the Paper
"James Henry Hammond, editor of The Southern Times, defended the right to property through scriptural fundamentalism and carried slavery above human criticism by declaring it a biblically sanctioned institution. In order to justify chattel slavery's presuppositions of vindicated human property, proslavery ideology needed to incorporate the priority of slaveholders , right to property over slaves, right to liberty. Hammond provided this by asserting that man's right to "property in man" had been "consecrated" by the Bible. Suggesting a similitude between abolitionism and anti-property radicalism, as did many reactionary Southerners, Hammond anticipated that, after defeating slavery, the property-threatening ideology of antislavery would challenge the capital of the North."

Tags:calhoun, civil, confederacy, confederate, conscription, economic, economy, enlistment, hammond, historical, history, ideological, ideologue, ideologues, ideology, lost, plantation, planter, planters, political, politics, proslavery, slavery, south, southern, strategy, tidewater, wa

Abstract
This paper traces the influence that slavery in the U.S. territories had on the American Civil War. Important issues such as the Wilmot Proviso, the Missouri compromise, and the Compromise of 1850 are discussed. In addition, key figures such as John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and Harriet Beecher Stowe are also included.

From the Paper
"The Civil War, referred to as "The Needless Conflict" by Allan Nevins transpired as a direct result of many factors. One of these important factors was the issue of slavery in the territories of the United States that had yet to be admitted into the Union as states. These territories created a dilemma that would plague the U.S. for years before it was finally settled in the ultimate conflict: The Civil War."

Tags:cabin, history, tom, uncle, Lloyd, Garrison, Liberty, Party