Abstract This paper presents a look at John C. Calhoun, controversial Southern politician, and his political views on slavery. The author explores several of his speeches as well as his life to explain where he came from and how he became such a controversial politician. The paper explains his reasons for encouraging the continuation of slavery in the South.
From the Paper "Throughout American history there have been many people who had had an influence in the course the nation took. John C. Calhoun was one such individual. He was a man who rose to great heights in the political arena and was well known for his controversial views on many issues, Holst, 2001. He was the champion for the south when it came to the issue of slavery and he spoke loud and clear when it came to representing what it was his constituents wanted done about it. Calhoun was a man who was bright, ambitious and goal oriented. He spent his life working for what he believed in. Whether we agree or disagree with his actual views we are hard pressed to say he did not try."
Tags: slavery, plantation, civil, war, abolition, south, economics, politics, depression
Abstract This paper presents the political career of John C. Calhoun who was renowned for his orator ability. The author reviews the many positions he held and his views on slavery.
Abstract This paper integrates several Civil War topics, including the power dynamics of oligarchies in the antebellum South, the authorship and diffusion of pro-slavery ideology, the development and implications of the plantation slavery economy, and an analysis of different explanations for the collapse of the Confederacy, into the thesis that the South's lack of pragmatism and adaptability brought about its defeat. The writer dissects the discourse of James Henry Hammond and John C. Calhoun and presents pro-slavery ideology as a fundamentally conservative reaction to early capitalism that diffused from a planter elite to the Southern masses through the conflation of the Southern identity with the institution of slavery. The industrial and technological stagnation, aristocratic trends, and dependent nature of the Southern economy are weighed as cogent factors in the failure of Confederate resources. The writer explains, using cognitive dissonance theory, how the conflicting elements of Confederate nationalism, such as scriptural fundamentalism, states' rights theory, and pro-slavery discourse, failed to successfully coexist with the reality of slavery and led to problems with strategy, conscription, enlistment, and solidarity.
Paper Outline
I. Introduction
II. Reactionary, Principled Ideology
III. Socioeconomic Maladjustment
IV. Confederate Defeat by Tradition and Ideology
V. Conclusion
From the Paper "James Henry Hammond, editor of The Southern Times, defended the right to property through scriptural fundamentalism and carried slavery above human criticism by declaring it a biblically sanctioned institution. In order to justify chattel slavery's presuppositions of vindicated human property, proslavery ideology needed to incorporate the priority of slaveholders? right to property over slaves? right to liberty. Hammond provided this by asserting that man's right to "property in man" had been "consecrated" by the Bible. Suggesting a similitude between abolitionism and anti-property radicalism, as did many reactionary Southerners, Hammond anticipated that, after defeating slavery, the property-threatening ideology of antislavery would challenge the capital of the North."
Abstract This paper summarizes a report by Cheshire Calhoun entitled "Separating Lesbian Theory from Feminist Theory" on differences between lesbianism and feminism and why these differences matter when discussing their problems. The report discusses the issue of male oppression and the various theoretical constructs used to examine these issues in society today, with reference to certain specific theorists.
From the Paper "Cheshire Calhoun in her article "Separating Lesbian Theory from Feminist Theory" begins by citing Heidi Hartmann to the effect that Marxism and feminism had become conjoined, leading to a consideration of the nature of lesbian feminism and its relationship to Marxism and to other theoretical constructs. Many Marxist theorists have seen lesbianism as a feminist resistance to male dominance, while few lesbian theorists now see the issue in that light. Instead, they see the issue more and more in terms of women's relation to women and to a number of oppositions among lesbians as among others in society, addressing issues of ageism, racism, anti-Semitism and so on."
Abstract The paper discusses the 1850 Henry Clay laws that were later known as the Clay Bill or "Compromise of 1850." Henry Clay's proposition prompted much controversy, but was ultimately passed via two separate measures in Congress. The paper explains that Webster promoted passage of the Compromise of 1850 because he viewed unification of the north and south as the most important political issue for consideration. The paper examines how Calhoun approached the Compromise as an opportunity to discuss the evils of the power hungry north. The paper reveals that while at first glance it may seem that the Compromise of 1850 supported more free states and the abolition of slavery, in fact it made life more difficult for fugitive slaves.
Outline:
Introduction
Analysis of Text
Conclusions
From the Paper "Daniel Webster promoted passage of the Compromise of 1950 through his speech, which highlighted the importance of creating a solidarity among people living in the north and the south. Webster's primary argument included the position that since the time of the Constitution much change had occurred within the states. Webster suggests that the North and South were once in agreement that slavery was at best an "immoral and an evil practice", and that such practice could only be considered "inhuman and cruel.""
Examines the United States' policy during the early to middle nineteenth century through the five general concepts of: isolationism, expansionism, imperialism, idealism, and exceptionalism.
3,039 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 6 sources, 1998, $ 89.95
From the Paper "The United States' policy during the early to middle nineteenth century can be examined through the five general concepts of American foreign policy: isolationism, expansionism, imperialism, idealism, and exceptionalism. Each of these concepts was prevalent during the crisis leading up to the Mexican-American War of 1846. The precipitating causes of the war are deeply rooted in the domestic and international affairs of the United State and in the personality of President Polk and his clandestine desire to acquire California."
A discussion regarding the legal rights of Black Americans from the time they were brought to America as slaves. Specific reference is given to the various laws that were passed during the 19th Century.
1,870 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, 2001, $ 59.95
Abstract In this paper the author discusses the situation of Black Americans and assesses whether the abolishment of slavery has provided any greater protection under the law. The author starts at the beginning of the 19th century and looks at how Blacks were taken into slavery and brought to America. The author moves on to discuss the Missouri Compromise and the discussions that took place regarding "slave free states". The author then discusses then various laws that were passed during the 19th century and how the issue of slavery was eventually brought before the nation.
From the paper:
?For a brief period during Reconstruction, many African Americans voted, and some were elected to public office. In the late 1870?s, however, enthusiasm for ensuring black equality waned in both the North and the Republican Party, and by 1877, when federal troops were withdrawn from the South, blacks were left to the power of whites committed to restoring white supremacy.?
Abstract This paper traces the influence that slavery in the U.S. territories had on the American Civil War. Important issues such as the Wilmot Proviso, the Missouri compromise, and the Compromise of 1850 are discussed. In addition, key figures such as John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and Harriet Beecher Stowe are also included.
From the Paper "The Civil War, referred to as "The Needless Conflict" by Allan Nevins transpired as a direct result of many factors. One of these important factors was the issue of slavery in the territories of the United States that had yet to be admitted into the Union as states. These territories created a dilemma that would plague the U.S. for years before it was finally settled in the ultimate conflict: The Civil War."
Tags: cabin, history, tom, uncle, Lloyd, Garrison, Liberty, Party
Abstract This paper reviews, analyzes and compares two different philosophical articles about emotion: Robert Solomon's "From Emotions and Choice" and Cheshire Calhoun's "Cognitive Emotions".
From the Paper "The cognitive theory of emotion comes under fire in Cheshire Calhoun's "Cognitive Emotions". In this essay Calhoun maintains that cognitive theories of emotion that are based on a connection between emotion and relevant beliefs are invalid..."
Abstract In the article, the writer provides an in-depth research study on the Tariff of 1828, known as the Tariff of Abominations. The writer discusses that this tariff was a significant precursor to Southern secession and the Civil War. The writer also discusses this tariff as an important indicator of the rise of Jacksonian democracy in America.
From the Paper "The Civil War and the secession of the Southern states that preceded it is most often seen as the most significant rebellion against the federal government in American history. The decades prior to Civil War however are just as significant as the sectionalist battles that raged and nearly broke apart the Union. One of the key issues during this period that incited debate between federalism and state sovereignty was the so-called Tariff of Abominations."
Tags: tariff of abominations, civil war, states' rights, secession, nullification, andrew jackson, calhoun, tariff of 1828
