Abstract
The tourist industry is extremely volatile and vulnerable to extreme losses, particularly when natural disasters and other calamities strike a popular tourist destination. This paper discusses natural disasters and the concept of calamity, and focuses on their impact on the tourism industry, particularly the hospitality industry. Using case studies, this paper clearly shows the impact of these disasters on economies relying on tourism as a mainstay of their financial foundation. Additionally, this paper discusses strategies employed by some of the hardest hit areas in an effort to re-establish their tourism and hospitality base.

From the Paper
"With the waterfront destroyed, and with the vast amount of debris, even those whose fishing boats were not completely destroyed are unable to provide the fish for tourists throughout the rest of Thailand. Further problems in this area of tourism stem from the problems or concerns associated with the diets of the fish caught near Thailand. As the tsunami swept bodies into the ocean, it is likely that at least some fed on those bodies, creating a high possibility for vast epidemics of disease if eaten (Bindloss, 2005). Since a large attraction for tourists to Thailand was the cultural dining and atmosphere, such a devastating consequence will deter still more tourists from visiting this area."

Tags:tsunami, earthquake, terrorism, accommodation, UNESCAP

Abstract
This paper considers the statement that Shakespeare's comedies and problem plays tend to wind through to their happy endings by way of some kind of victory over the opposite possibility, through an encounter with death or calamity of some sort. The paper applies this statement to "Much Ado about Nothing" and "Measure for Measure", assessing the differences between the comedy and the problem play. The paper asserts that, while the above statement is true, the vehicle through which we honestly proceed towards a conclusion flattering to our optimism is considerably different for comedies than it is for problem plays.

From the Paper
"The title of Much Ado about Nothing suggests that, in tone, this play is a comedy: we have a sense that a great deal will be made over a small affair, and look forward to what this affair might be, how the characters will become embroiled in it, and how the various misunderstandings and confusions that characterize a comic play will be worked out in the end. In comedies, it is the harmonious conclusion towards which the audience yearns.
"Not surprisingly, love is central to this play's themes, as it is in comedy generally. Much Ado about Nothing presents us with two sets of lovers: Beatrice and Benedick represent the sceptical lovers, and Hero and Claudio represent the ideal lovers. For both sets of lovers, the articulation of mutual love is the first in a series of hurdles that threaten to obstruct the relationship from blooming into maturity, as is expressed in the bonds of matrimony."

Tags:death, calamity, harmony, resolution, moral, choices

Abstract
This paper discusses the phenomenon of white privilege in the United States. It describes how it was never more apparent than in the calamity of Hurricane Katrina. The paper discusses the effects of this privilege and racism and describes the ways that it became evident following the national disaster of Hurricane Katrina. The paper questions whether any changes will occur to rectify the problems.

From the Paper
"The effect of White Privilege is the creation of system justifications (Napier 61), and it was never more apparent than in the calamity of Katrina. The effect of this was the construction of victim blaming justifications by the authorities in charge when combating the disparity in response to the needs of those of color. The system appeared to come out smelling like roses; it was only certain individuals that could be blamed for any prejudicial treatment. And the victims were blamed for not being able to help themselves. Ludicrous in concept yet if repeated often enough it become reality to those involved. Katrina has certainly taught us that the systems of government, business and education need to recognize this invisible white privilege within and deal with the racial prejudiced involved with it. Will there be changes? Unfortunately we still seem to be waiting for that promised, "bold action." (Bush 1406)"

Tags:calamity, prejudice, inequality

Abstract
This paper focuses in great detail on the earthquake of 1886 that occurred in Charleston, South Carolina. It starts with introduction to the city and its brief in order to help better understand the calamity and its impact on the city. It then describes the tragedy and discusses how people of Charleston reacted to this natural disaster and how the city was rebuilt.

Outline
Introduction to the City
Charleston Brief History
Response of People to 1886 Natural Calamity
Rebuilding Process

From the Paper
"It was certainly the worst time for Charleston to endure an earthquake. After the civil war, the city had been economically weak and in the next two decades, it continued suffering because of the commercial dominance of the North. In 1880s, North became very more economically superior when railroad system was established. Charleston, the city that once claimed to be the most powerful commercial hub of the South was experiencing some economically tough times when the earthquake struck and further relegated the process of recovery."

Tags:civil, war

Abstract
The following paper looks at the devastating effects of Hurricane Mitch and examines how the shocks are still being felt to this day in Central America. The author contends that no matter how much we progress against the rage of nature we are unprotected.

From the paper:

"The calamity that hit the Central American nations in October 1998 took suffering to a new height. Though an accurate toll is still hard to calculate--and as many as 10,000 people were estimated to be dead in the battered countries of Nicaragua and Honduras, while as many as 2 million may be were made homeless after the relentless rains of Hurricane Mitch. In much lesser degrees, calamity also visited El Salvador and Guatemala. In all, the storm wrought $3 billion in damage--more than half the combined Nicaraguan and Honduran gross domestic products--and devastated at least two-thirds of those countries' public infrastructure."

Tags:natural, disasters

Abstract
This paper looks at how the present situation in Darfur emerged, the main groups involved and what the international community needs to do in order to prevent such calamities from happening again - and this particular calamity from getting worse. The paper concludes that a more interventionist global community must be both active in quelling troubling situations before they become humanitarian crises - and it must also apply pressure to neighboring countries to stabilize the regions of which they are a part.

Tags:darfur, genocide, sudan

Abstract
This paper examines the Book of Job in terms of the relevance of its message of calamity today. The paper further defines calamities and Job's tragedies. It also emphasizes the relationship of Job to God.

From the Paper
"The topic that is of central significance in the Book of Job is the effect of calamity on the lives of God's people. We are introduced to Job as follows:' There was a man in the land of Uz whose name was Job and that man was blameless and upright and one who feared God and shunned evil.' Unfortunately though Job himself was upright and regularly prayed and offered sacrifices to God on..."

Tags:religion, the Bible, Job, God, Christians

Abstract
This paper reviews Thomas De Waal's and Carlotta Gall's "Chechnya, Calamity in the Caucasus", John Dunlop's "Russia Confronts Chechnya: Roots of a Separatist Conflict", Stasys Knezys' and Romanas Sedlickas' "The War in Chechnya", and Anatol Lieven's "Chechnya: Tombstone of Russian Power". The review synthesizes the main theme of the demise of Russian nationalism.

Abstract
The paper explains that like in Shakespeare's plays, Conroy also provides a clear setting for each type of scene. Like in Shakespeare's comedies, "Prince of Tides" also makes it very easy to discern exactly where each scene is taking place. The paper examines the main character of the novel, Tom Wingo, and discusses how each scene is represented by a mood and specific setting - , the low-country in the south represents honesty and understanding whereas New York City represents dangerous denial and calamity.

From the Paper
"William Shakespeare's comedies often differentiate between the staid, political atmosphere of the court and the city, and the raucous carnival atmosphere of the forest and the countryside. Often, characters will escape the court to the forest to explore their inner depths and their passions. The result is a dichotomy that permeates several of his plays: even from close textual analysis of one passage in a Shakespeare comedy, the reader is able to discern whether the scene takes place in the court or in the forest."

Tags:wingo, scene, setting, character, novel, play

Abstract
This paper examines how water is a reserve and how, like the air we inhale, it is commonly dispensable because it is reclaimed. It looks at how there is a calamity in water not only in dry deserts but also in those regions that border the vast seas and how a water catastrophe can restrict economic growth, weaken living values, jeopardize health and risk national safety. It also analyzes the problem of sludge leftovers from water recycling which can either contain helpful agricultural chemicals or toxic compounds with varying levels of degradability.

From the Paper
"Groundwater contamination connected with oil production has been recognized in no less than 21 states. The major oil-producing states are Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, as well as California. Concise declaration of the removal of brines by the use of surface impoundments has been made by a lot of experts. Oil production is more often than not escorted by the production of saline wastewater in quantities that differ by means of production measures. One approximation is that an aged well might produce 100 barrels of brine for every barrel of oil. Additional approximations are that the production of 8 million barrels of crude oil creates 30 million barrels of wastewater, as well as that the ratio of brine to crude oil recovered is 10:1. Still additional estimations are a ratio of 4:1 wastewater to oil."

Tags:sludge, leftovers, contamination, agriculture, chemicals