From the Paper
"CAJUN CULTURE

This research paper examines the sources of Cajun culture in Louisiana and discusses the forces in modern American life which threaten its traditions. The dominant factor which has shaped the distinctive features and character of Cajun culture is the tragic history of the Cajuns and their Acadian forbears. Ironically, just as Cajun culture is becoming more widely known, it is undergoing significant change and its fabric is gradually weakening.

The Influence of Lost Acadia
Perhaps the most remarkable fact about the Cajun people is that they have survived their ordeals during the past four centuries. Cajun is a corrupted form of the French word for Acadian. It refers to people of French descent who were driven ..."

Abstract
This paper traces the origins of the Cajun people and culture and, in particular, their musical heritage. The paper describes the musical repertoire shared by both Cajuns and Creoles and looks at the Creole contribution of Zydeco towards Cajun music. The paper also describes the unique characteristics of Cajun music, typical instruments used for Cajun music, and its evolution and impact on Louisiana culture.

From the Paper
"A Cajun is a "Louisianian who descends from French-speaking Acadians," however many common Cajun surnames such as Souileau and Romero are not Acadian in origin, but are Spanish, German or French Creole and some are even of Anglo or Scotch-Irish origin, as in the case of famed Cajun musicians Lawrence Walker and Dennis McGee (Cajun 1 Pp). For this reason, "contemporary scholars of Cajun history and culture tend to offer a more complex, comprehensive view, attributing the traits of modern-day Cajuns to a dynamic, unending process of ethnic interaction" (Cajun 1 Pp). Modern Cajuns are largely homogenous, however, their ancestry consists of a mixture of numerous ethnic groups (Cajun 1 Pp). The majority of early Acadians originated in the Centre-Ouest region of France, while other came from families of Spanish, Irish, Scottish, English, Basque and American Indian (Cajun 1 Pp). When Acadians were forced out of Nova Scotia in 1755, many sought refuge in South Louisiana and again intermixed with other ethnic groups, especially with the French, Spanish, German, American Indian, and Anglo-American settlers (Cajun 1 Pp)."

Tags:african-caribbean, rhythms, blues, deep, south, swamp, pop, country, western, honky, tonk

Abstract
The United States is currently going through a period of turmoil regarding whether English should be the only language spoken in the country. The rationale given for insisting that everyone speak English is that 'if people chose to come here, they should learn our language'. This paper examines the effects of this policy on smaller ethnic groups such as the Native American Navajo's who view speaking their native tongue as a kind of spiritual freedom. The paper also looks at the way Yiddish has almost disappeared from the Jewish culture due to this type of integration policy. Other cultures discussed include the Chinese and the Cajuns.

From the Paper
"One other subculture demonstrates the relationship between culture and language. The Chinese have been coming to the United States since the early 1800's, when they came here to work as agricultural workers or in railway construction. The Chinese come from an ancient and highly accomplished civilization, and their culture contained elements that helped them be successful in their new country. Industry and resourcefulness are highly prized traits in Chinese culture, behavioral traits that tended to aid success in their new land. In addition, they valued the extended family, and so were quick to support and help one another (Author not given). However, the dominant culture inadvertently encouraged the Chinese to maintain their language, and the maintenance of language and requirement that they live together encouraged the maintenance of their culture as well. The motivation for this was racial, but allowed the Chinese-American culture to hold on to cultural traditions and language for several generations while other immigration groups were tending to assimilate."

Tags:Proposition, 203, Acadian, Latinos

Abstract
This essay, "IS LAW TRANSCENDENT OR CULTURE DEPENDENT?" poses that question, based on a consideration of a number of cultural settings, ancient and modern, and finds that law is highly culture dependent. It is a study in the variables of cultural anthropology as much as law, and shwos that in every culture, including the subcultures of American society, there is a law unique to the vernacular of each culture.

From the Paper
IS LAW TRANSCENDENT OR CULTURE DEPENDENT? One of the greatest frustrations that those who approach law find about this subject is that while it seems emotional to cry out for simplicity and universality, it seems only to generate increasing particularity and complexity. Those social reformers who continually try to simplify and universalize law offer the contention that law is a universal phenomenon. However, in the light of reality, this argument must be refined if it is to retain any sort of meaning. Every culture has law. But the law of cultures varies radically from one culture to another. Consider an example of the

Tags:law, culture, universal

Abstract
The paper states that it is not complicated to find some globalized places such as airline terminals, international hotels or CNN business news revealing the effects of globalization and its repercussions on our understanding of culture in the modern world. The paper relates that through the growing of global interconnections and the processes of ideas and global goods crossing national borders, cultures fuse across the globe. The paper also discusses the presence of English as an international language, and a homogenization of culture. The paper confirms that, culture is a set of values and practices characterized by its particularity, which nevertheless needs universal criteria as a reference to justify this particularity. It is also crucial to define culture as an "encompassing" concept and to keep in mind that it is difficult to know what is cultural.

From the Paper
"In addition, a shared global culture is also relevant as a global dissemination of an American or Western culture. Indeed the processes of globalization are providing fuel for a cultural imperialism, that is to say a global culture liable to be a hegemonic culture. Thus the assertion of a shared global culture seems to be linked to what Friedman describes as "the increasing hegemony of particular central cultures, the diffusion of American values, consumers goods and lifestyles" (Friedman, 1994: 195). The diffusion of dominant standard icons and references such as MacDonald's, Coca-Cola leads to think about an obvious Americanization. In a word, cultures are both confronted by a global dominance of the western culture and by the practices of global capitalism. The result is probably a decrease of cultural differences: a process which undeniably worked to the advantage of the USA and others Western nations. A striking example of this tendency of cultural imperialism is the United Nations Educations Scientific and Cultural Organization's call for a "new world information and communication order" and its politics on global culture."

Tags:shared, global, culture, diversity, national, differences, cultural, homogenization, synchronisation, cultural, proliferation

Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the idea that advertising is related to culture in several ways. The writer maintains that it reflects what is happening in the culture by the messages used, and that advertising pays for aspects of culture and so decides what people see and listen to and experience in much of their lives. The writer demonstrates how culture affects advertising and advertising affects culture.

From the Paper
"Advertising is ubiquitous in American society, appearing in numerous forms through virtually every means of communication, and as new technology and new methods of communication appear, advertisers soon find a way to make use of the new channel for their message. This has been seen recently with the widespread use of the cell phone, leading to various advertising messages that can be sent to the phone and that can appear on the screen for these phones. The MP3 player has also become a means of sending advertising messages along with downloads of music. The home computer is under virtual assault by advertisers using banner headlines, pop-up ads, e-mail, and various cookies that track computer use and send messages geared to the individual consumer."

Tags:advertising, culture, influence

Abstract
This paper examines how, as increasing numbers of businesses look to expand and develop their consumer and market base through the internationalisation of their operations, managers are recognising the importance of effective international marketing to counter the increased levels of uncertainty and complexity. It focuses specifically on the role of culture in the formulation of international marketing strategies, using a number of examples to highlight the points raised. Firstly, international marketing strategies are considered in more detail, followed by an exploration of the concept of culture and its influence on international marketing strategies.

Outline
Introduction
What are International Marketing Strategies?
Understanding Culture
The Role of Culture in International Marketing Strategy Formulation
Hofstede?s Five Dimensions
Hall and Hall?s High-Low Context
Direct Influence on Marketing Mix
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
Importance of Ethics
Critiquing the Role of Culture
Conclusions
References
Appendix 1

From the Paper
"Since value judgements vary between and within cultures, perceptions of what constitutes acceptable behaviour also differ: for example a gift in one country may be considered a bribe in another (Cateora and Ghauri, 2000; Doole and Lowe, 2001). Kotabe and Helsen (2004 p.171) highlight the significance of this for international marketers who "must understand and respect cultural subtleties, whilst finding the limits of ethical behaviour"; since a company's ethical stance may affect its ability to do business in some countries. For example, Motorola's lengthy "Code of Business Conduct", sets out standards for accepted behaviour throughout the organisation (see www.motorola.com). They recognise the "ethical legitimacy" of gift-giving in Japan, but decline to "participate in the practice" (Hamilton and Knouse, 2001 p.87). This allows the company to show respect for Japanese culture, whilst maintaining its own corporate values. Similarly, consideration should be given to product usage and production processes, which may not be appropriate in certain cultures or environments."

Tags:culture, hofstede, business

Abstract
Zydeco is an important musical genre and the writer defines it as fun, upbeat dance music from southern Louisiana; characterized by scrub board and thimbles, spoons (metal or wooden), fiddle, triangles, accordion and occasionally a horn or two. This paper discusses its unique origins, the impact it has had on other music forms and the what the future holds for Zydeco followers. The paper looks at the types of people who follow Zydeco music and some of its major artists.

From the Paper
"The reason this genre of music is not wide spread is very simple: the French Creole dialect. Most people cannot understand the lyrics because they are generally written and performed in French Creole (Kein, 41). This dialect was very prominent in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Louisiana and surrounding areas by African-American descendants and a few white settlers in rural areas (Kein, 133). After the Louisiana Purchase, English became more prevalent and French Creole died out except in rural areas and was passed down from parent to child and so on(Kein 56). Today, English is more often than not is the primary language used in Zydeco with hints of the Creole heritage."

Tags:cajun, cerole, culture, louisiana

Abstract
This essay discusses the development of New Orleans through the linguistic influences of three different cultures. The author reviews the three dominant languages that form the dialects of New Orleans: French, Cajun, and Creole. The paper traces these three languages to their cultural origins of the French colonizers, the Acadian exiles, and the American slave trade of Africans.

Abstract
This paper first explains that, although many cultures and dialects of languages are spoken in the United States, the most historical and controversial dialects are American Southern English, Acadian (Cajuns) and Black English (Ebonics). The paper then describes the accented English of each of these three officially recognized dialects and their cultural and historical backgrounds. The paper underscores that the Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974, as interpreted by the 1979 court case "Martin Luther King, Jr. Elementary School Children, et al., v. Ann Arbor School District" , made the nation aware of the validity of dialect language barriers in cultures within the U.S. country.

Abstract
Culture and Language
American Southern English
Acadians or Cajuns
African American English or Ebonics
The Equal Educational Opportunities Act
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Speaking from personal knowledge and experience, I can personally state with complete confidence that American Southern English is spoken primarily in the southern United States. Most prominent are the people of Appalachia which encompasses primarily the states of Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee. Residents of these areas speak with a definite accent that includes a slower rate of speech, a nasal twang and a manipulation or deletions of vowel sounds. For example, the words, "over there" often become "over thar"."

Tags:community, appalachia, intermarriage, reluctance, barriers