Abstract
This paper is in the form of a letter from one friend to another that describes the author's travels and experiences in the city of Cairo in Egypt. The writer looks at the marketplace, Old Cairo, Cairo Tower, Egyptian Museum, and other features of the Cairo experience.

From the Paper
"Dear Friend, As I write this to you I am sitting in one of my favorites spots in Cairo the Khan el-Khalili. The Khan el-Khalili is an ancient shopping area and one of the busiest gathering places in the city. The hustle and bustle of shoppers and bartering of vendors with their wares is invigorating. Thousands of people pass through the marketplace to buy everything imaginable at the many shops in the Khan el-Khalili. Some of the shops even have their own miniature factories and workshops ..."

Tags:marketplace, mosques, pyramids, pollution, congestion, museums, soccer, Metro

Abstract
This paper proposes a research study on Security Assistance Officers, or SAOs, who are U.S. military members authorized and trained as diplomatic specialists and used by the United States to help foster security assistance relationships. The writer explains that SAOs tend to have diverse backgrounds and leadership capabilities that mesh with security assistance assignments. The paper defines key terms, and discusses many of the major challenges faced by SAOs, particularly those working in Cairo, Egypt. The paper provides the example that the ideas, behaviors, values, and norms between Americans and host nation counterparts can cause cultural friction, potentially isolating SAOs from the local community. The paper concludes that SAOs need the skills and wisdom to lead effectively in multicultural environments, and extensive development in global and cultural leadership is needed to improve the chances of success. This paper includes illustrative tables and figures.

Outline:
The General Nature of the Problem
Background
Statement of the Problem
Definition of Terms
Questions To Be Addressed:
Contribution to the Field of Organizational Leadership
Research Time Table
References
Appendix A

From the Paper
"Although the CCAI is a good tool for analyzing cultural competency, it does not cover every desired characteristic and behavior as identified in the body of literature. In particular, the CCAI lacks dimensions to measure the global/cultural characteristics of "cognitive skills", "engagement in personal transformation", "inquisitiveness", "cultural knowledge", "motivation to work in an international environment", "networking skills", "social judgment skills", and "social skills" (Jokinen et al, 2005). To supplement self-understanding of external perceptions by their foreign counterparts, and to evaluate dimensions not cover in the CCAI, qualitative research will be used."

Tags:rank, mentality, weapon, psychology

Abstract
"Cairo, the largest city of the highly urbanized Arab world, faces most of the ills that characterize the new megacities of the so-called Third World. Despite its powerful and highly bureaucratic central government, which retains remnants of the attempt to socialize the state, Egypt is unable to provide more than a bare minimum of services for most of its people.

From the Paper
"Cairo, the largest city of the highly urbanized Arab world, faces most of the ills that characterize the new megacities of the so-called Third World. Despite its powerful and highly bureaucratic central government, which retains remnants of the attempt to socialize the state, Egypt is unable to provide more than a bare minimum of services for most of its people. Low-income and very poor Cairenes are left, therefore, to work out their own strategies for coping with an oppressive, economically challenging environment. Viewed from the outside low-income Cairenes have been characterized as consumerist, spendthrift, blindly attached to rural tradition, and prone to create slums around themselves. Recent studies have shown, however, that the stereotypes inflicted on the vast majority of Cairo's people are a very poor fit. Instead this population has thrived in an ..."

Abstract
This paper provides a book review of Leila Ahmed's memoir, "A Border Passage: From Cairo to America-A Woman's Journey." The review focuses on the influence of politics, culture, religion and family in shaping identity as well as the author's experiences living in Egypt, England, and the United States.

From the Paper
"Despite her Egyptian heritage and Arab cultural background, in "A Border Passage From Cairo to America-A Woman's Journey" Leila Ahmed demonstrates that women in both Arab and Western cultures are subjected to patriarchal contro. Ahmed's memoir follows her personal journey during the turbulent ...'s and ...'s in Egyptian society during the end o fBritish rule and the rise of Arab nationalism when Egyptians, in the author's view, had the label Arab forced upon them. As Ahmed writes "I remember how I hated that..."

Tags:Egyptian, Arab, Islam, Muslims, gender, patriarchy, education, oppression, harems, equality

Abstract
The paper posits that the book "Why CEOs Fail" is a useful book for the business leader on his or her way to the top - or already at the top. The paper looks at how it outlines key behaviors that can derail a leader's success, shows how to identify these behaviors in oneself, and gives useful advice on how to manage them. The paper asserts that the book is a valuable resource, concise and well-written, and the individual chapters dealing with each behavior make it a quick source for consultation for the business person with little time to spare.

From the Paper
"This is a useful book for the business leader on his or her way to the top - or already at the top. It outlines key behaviors that can derail a leader's success, shows how to identify these behaviors in yourself, and gives useful advice on how to manage them. As such, the book is a valuable resource. It is also concise and well-written, and the individual chapters dealing with each behavior make it a quick source for consultation for the..."

Tags:business, leadeship, book review

Abstract
This paper describes the character of Hamida, the main protagonist in Naguib Mahfouz's novel, "Midaq Alley", and the life she leads in order to escape the poverty from which she comes.

From the Paper
"Hamida is a very interesting and unique character. Her passion to attempt to escape the dregs of an impoverished lifestyle through the seamy world of prostitution is a behavior which is probably not unlike the actions of scores of young girls in third world countries all over the planet. And on the surface, when a woman tries to escape poverty by turning to street walking, she is really trading one evil for another. But because of her particular Arab cultural and physical environment, Hamida was inclined to do some radical, daring and even dangerous things, all of which helps author Mahfouz weave his web of dramatic and colorful events for her and her interacting characters."

Tags:nobel, laureate, arabic, literature, orphan, impoverished, lifestyle, prostitution, street, walking

Abstract
The paper examines "Why CEOs Fail", which outlines key behaviors that can derail a leader's success, how to identify these behaviors in oneself and advice on how to manage them. The paper relates that the book is concise and well-written and the individual chapters dealing with each behavior make it a quick source for consultation for the business person with little time to spare.

From the Paper
"The authors' starting point for this book was their observation that more and more CEO's are failing. Indeed, Dotlich and Cairo point out that CEOs have left the lists of "most admired" and ended up on the lists of those "least trusted" (Dotlich and Cairo, dust jacket). This is because many CEOs reach admirable heights in their careers, only to quickly crash and burn - often generating spectacular publicity as they do so. Obviously, no one wants this in their future, and Dotlich and Cairo show how to avoid it. Their advice is also pertinent to those below the level of CEO, but who are nevertheless in leadership positions."

Tags:leadership, coaching, techniques

Abstract
This paper examines the life of Nasir-i Khusraw, an eleventh-century Persian poet and writer on religious subjects, who also wrote an account of his seven years of travel to Palestine, Arabia and Egypt. It discusses how his poems and religious writings have remained influential, especially for adherents of Ismaili Islam in Central Asia and Iran. It reviews the account of his travels otherwise known as "Safarnama" and how it provides a coherent, first-hand picture of the sights of Jerusalem, Mecca, and Cairo as well as an insight into an eleventh-century personality. It also examines how scholars have begun to connect the circumstances of Nasir's long journey and his unusual itinerary with the fact of his, perhaps well-established, conversion to Ismaili beliefs.

From the Paper
"The principal English translations of the Safarnama are those by Le Strange (1893), who translated only the portions pertaining to Nasir's travels in Syria and Palestine, and Thackston (1986) who translated the entire account. Le Strange mentions that the description of Jerusalem had been translated by Fuller in 1873, but notes that "for archaeological purposes . . . this translation is almost useless." Le Strange's purpose in translating Nasir's account was archaeological and the Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society focused on the region known as the Holy Land."

Tags:islam, egypt, palestine, mecca

Abstract
This paper examines the novel "Midaq Alley" in light of the social reality that it depicts. The characters, Muslims in Cairo, and what they represent in terms of human needs, social class and economic status, are discussed.

From the Paper
"The novel Midaq Alley by Naguib Mahfouz is a portrayal of several individuals living within a particular section of Cairo. Almost all of the characters are Muslim. Several are middle class but others, the most striking of the narrative, are quite poor and simply struggle to survive. Through creating such variety of characters from different social stratum, whom all meet in the context of the alley of the title, the author is able to construct a novel that both tells a tale and yet is also revelatory on a social and on a political level. The book has often been called "important" not just in terms of its humor and striking literary value, but because of the unsentimental social reality it depicts."

Tags:Muslim, poor, society, need, class, status, Egypt, motherhood, middle-class

Abstract
"The site of the city of Akhenaten, the only virtually complete ancient town to have survived from ancient Egypt, lies 160 miles south of Cairo, midway between the modern towns of Minya and Asyut (Weigall 92).

From the Paper
"The site of the city of Akhenaten, the only virtually complete ancient town to have survived from ancient Egypt, lies 160 miles south of Cairo, midway between the modern towns of Minya and Asyut (Weigall 92). It is only at el-Amarna that a comprehensive range of official and residential buildings have been preserved, comprising the essential elements of an Egyptian royal city of the mid-fourteenth century BCE. This paper will look at how urbanism theories apply to the city of Amarna.

INTRODUCTION
The city of Amarna (or "Horizon of the Sun Disk") is located on the eastern side of the Nile in Middle Egypt, half way between Cairo and Luxor. The ancient city is formed by a bay of cliffs to the east and the Nile to the west, taking the shape of an archer's bow, with the Nile as the string and the city couched ..."