Abstract
This paper describes the father-son relationships depicted in Alistair McLeod's work, "The Boat" and in Guy Vanderhaeghe's work "Cages". The paper first looks at Alistair McLeod's story "The Boat" and his portrayal of a Puritan family and the father's role in the protagonist's life. The paper then looks at Guy Vanderhaeghe's work "Cages" that describes a father who will do anything for his sons to have a better life than himself. The paper points out that in both stories, we are shown a father's relationship with his son(s) and how it shapes an identity.

From the Paper
"Shakespeare actually considered himself a poet, not a writer. Many successful screenwriters acknowledge that their works do not reflect reality, only that they use poetic devices to create something that resembles it (Trottier 7). Likewise, those who write fiction - whether they admit it or not - have a great deal in common with poets, who are said to "paint pictures with words" (source of quote unknown). The blank page is the canvas, and the palette consists of colours we have conveniently labelled as "symbol," "image," "narrative," "contrast," "metaphor," "reversal," and more (Harmon, 262, 441, 507). These literary "colors" - devices - are used in establishing characters' identities, and the identity of their relationships to each other."

Tags:identity, imagery, escape

Abstract
The paper reviews Takaki's book "Iron Cages", which presents the foundation of White America's relationship with other races and cultures that also consider themselves to be Americans. The paper's author believes that Takaki wants to understand why white men don't want to get along with other cultures and how they arrived at this opinion. The paper concludes that Takaki states that, unless all Americans learn to live together in cooperation, the social health of the nation is in jeopardy.

From the Paper
"In the first part of Chapter One, Takaki launches into a discussion of the American Revolution and how John Adams once thought that, if the British won and severely wounded the fledgling country, it would be a good thing. Already, within just a few months of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, Adams saw corruption, greed and malice. He was upset by the lack of virtue that the new American people had and concerned about whether it could be stopped before it got much worse and infected everyone in the whole country with unkind thoughts toward their neighbors."

Tags:foundation, white, relationship, cooperation, jeopardy

Abstract
The paper relates that John Cage's Europa series was commissioned by Heinz-Klaus Metzger and Reiner Riehm to write an opera that was intended to negate opera, and in 1987, at the Frankfurter Opera, Europera 1 & 2 premiered. The paper further relates that Cage was then commissioned for another version for the Almeida Festival in London, where Europera 3 & 4 premiered in 1990, and, in 1991, the cycle was completed with Europera 5.

From the Paper
"John Cage's Europa series was commissioned by Heinz-Klaus Metzger and Reiner Riehm to write an opera that was intended to negate opera. In 1987, at the Frankfurter Opera, Europera 1 & 2 premiered. Cage was then commissioned for another version for the Almeida Festival in London, where Europera 3 & 4 premiered in 1990. In 1991, the cycle was completed with Europera 5. The material of the Europeras is musical of fragments of operas from the eighteenth and nineteenth century. It is 'found' music: ready made music. Is this what we can consider 'serious music? Perhaps, but it would make more sense to refer to think of this material..."

Tags:cage, opera, europera

Abstract
This paper analyzes John Cage's theories on Chance and Indeterminacy and their practical application to fashion design. The paper explains that the fashion designer can apply the methods of letting go of the ego or self by allowing chance combinations of patterns, materials, or colors to be applied through Cage's theory. The paper shows how by using the Zen fundamentals of this psychological dissolution of the ego, the designer can do this on their own within a larger group-as long as the designer does not take sole responsibility for the creation.

Tags:cage, music, theory

Abstract
In this paper, through biographies and musical analysis brought forth on Cage as a multi-cultural composer, the idea of a unified eastern/western philosophical and musical tradition was pioneered through his efforts. In essence, John Cage's philosophy of silence, chance, and indeterminacy is actually a modern American product for certain external aspects of the Eastern originals served as the stimulant lending a mystic aura of "orientalism".

From the Paper
"The aim of this music study will be to examine how Asian philosophical and religious concepts play a large role in how John cage composed his works. By revealing the Asian philosophical practices of Hinduism and Zen, one can realize why Cage chose `silence' and the act of `chance' in his compositions, as well through the indeterminacy of musical form. By analyzing various texts that define Cage's role in bringing `orientalism' to the western musical tradition, one can clearly define the Asian philosophies and religious practices that Cage practiced within his own life. Through biographies and musical analysis brought forth on Cage as a multi-cultural composer, the idea of a unified eastern/western philosophical and musical tradition was pioneered through his efforts."

Tags:cage, music, composition

Abstract
This paper offers a favourable review of Maya Angelou's first volume of autobiography, "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" (1969). The paper discusses how this immediately successful volume has been widely read, and is inspiring to diverse persons beyond Black community for its American saga of overcoming all odds to rise to national fame as a poet, playwright and performer, activist and spokesperson on education for disadvantaged youth.

From the Paper
"Angelou's autobiography has been recommended or assigned to millions of readers for its very human yet stark depiction of all that worked to produce a woman to succeed in public life, but who is representative of countless other African-American women for whom Life did not offer a reprieve in fame, success or wealth. The book is suitable for a wide range of readers who will draw different kinds of inspiration from it. It is an important American autobiography that reinforces ideals of starting from..."

Tags:maya angelou, caged bird 1969, us autobiography

Abstract
The music, aesthetic and composition methods of American composer John Cage are discussed in terms of his aesthetic and influences on his work. In more detail are described his relevant works music of Changes, Variations II, Imaginary Landscape No. 4 and 4' 33". Influences from Eastern philosophies, I Ching, Eckhart, Duchamp and Feldman are also reviewed.

From the Paper
"John M. Cage (1912-1992) was a central figure of not only the American but the world musical stage as well. His musical ideas challenged the very essence of music, musical theory and aesthetics that were widely accepted in the middle 20th century. By doing this Cage in parallel become if not the single most than certainly one of the most controversial composers in musical history. His name and work are connected to the improvement of `prepared piano' (the concept was originally developed by Henry Cowell, one of Cage's early instructors), and the problems of noise and silence in music. However, arguably his most important contribution to music is ..."

Tags:cage

Abstract
This paper explains that, in Maya Angelou's "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings", a story based on her life, the two things which propelled young Maya into adolescence were her thirst for learning and her love of reading. The author tells of several aspects of Angelou's life including her attending college at the age of fourteen and the birth of a baby boy out of wedlock. The paper concludes that, even today, Maya Angelou, who is a product of Stamps and Oakland and of the disdain and hatred of pre-Civil Rights Negroes, seeks freedom for all people, black and white, so that they are not a caged bird.

From the Paper
"Maya also became somewhat of a dreamer, especially when thoughts of her mother, Vivian Baxter, arose from time to time. It seems that a movie star of that period, Kay Francis, was supposed to look like their mother, and the two would go to the movies- the colored balcony, of course, every time a Kay Francis movie would be shown at the local theatre. Slowly, there was a need for mother and daughter to reunite. But, still the heart and soul of Maya was her education. "I had met and loved the Bronte sisters, and had replaced Kipling's 'If' with 'Invictus'.""

Tags:family, son, drama, freedom, california

Abstract
In this essay, I will examine Weber's philosophy, the basis of his beliefs and the development of his notion of the closing of the iron cage. This will provide a background from which I will address Canada's increasing governmental efforts at privatization and deregulation, policies which mirror Weber's understanding of the iron cage, since they create a system which strips people of power over their own lives.

Abstract
This freshman paper highlights the reasons for Maya Angelou's writing the famous book: "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" followed by a brief overview of the noteworthy events in the book. The paper supports reasons for the grandmother's subtle resistance as a cage for Maya.

Tags:AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDIES / LITERATURE, grandmothers subtle resistance