Abstract Examines FDR's informal "black cabinet," the people who served in it, and its importance to national culture. New Deal reforms & black support. Black leaders who advised FDR. The President's motive in using black advisers: to use their ideas to remedy racism & to rely on their opinion on a wide number of other issues. Diversity of "black cabinet." Contribution of educator Mary McLeon Bethune & others. Gains made by the NAACP, National Urban League & National Council of Negro Women as a legacy of the "black cabinet."
From the Paper "With the entrance of each new administration we now hear about the importance of making the president's cabinet "look like America". That resemblance is never actually achieved, of course, if only because each American has a different idea of what it is that America really looks like. But amid the complex politics of inclusion ? at least when a Democrat is in the White House it is easy to overlook how far it is that we have actually come just over the course of the 20th century in terms of acknowledging that the differing experiences of different racial groups are all valid and that they must be included in an administration if the country is to be well run.
Many people deserve credit for bringing African-American voices into the mainstream of the national political process. But one of the people who deserves a fair measure of credit is often..."
Abstract This paper discusses how cabinets of curiosity (also known as wunderkammer, cabinets of wonder, and wonder rooms ), were rooms that housed vast encyclopaedic collections of objects and other rare items of interest. These proto museums were the private collections of elite upper classes; English gentleman, scholars and aristocrats. It looks at how they were considered a heterogeneous theatre of learning and pleasure where by human creativity was arranged on natural forms in its exploration for beauty and wonder.
From the Paper "With the discovery of the Americas and the New World, wealthy collectors would send off explorers and sailors with a 'shopping list' of curiosities that would demonstrate their interests and obsessions. Many objects would have a monetary value however most collectors had little interest in this aspect instead they focussed more on the passion for collecting and the joy of ownership, such as Ulisse Aldrovandi, a collector in the latter part of the 16th century, and indeed by 1549 Aldrovandi had over 100 collections in Rome itself. Other types of collectors existed who began to profit from these curiosities. 17th century German merchant Philipp Hainhofer is a prime example of this profiteering. He acted as buying agent for collectors of luxury items but also acquired objects from Frankfurt fairs, a long way from his home of Augsburg. He would create his own cabinet of curiosity with these newly acquired items with the view of selling them, no doubt as the highest bidder, as a complete cabinet of curiosity."
Abstract This paper compares two Faustian influenced works, "Dr. Faustus" and "The Cabinet of Dr Caligari". The paper examines the way in which the two modes of media demonstrate the story of Dr. Faustus and how they compare with the different time periods. Each literary work is described in relation to the other.
From the Paper "The historical German story of Doctor Faustus has been used as inspiration in all forms of media, and across many cultures. The most noted English literary adaptation is the play by Christopher Marlowe, The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, written in 1592. In the medium of film, the story of Faustus can be made into a highly visual experience, different than that found in Marlowe's outlet of the Elizabethan stage, and so can give a alternative insight into these well known Faustian traditions. The Cabinet of Doctor Caligari, is a silent German art film, produced in 1919 by Robert Wiene, and written by Carl Mayer and Hans Janowitz. It deals creatively with the Faustian themes, including the concept of the divided self, temptation of power, and the search for superior knowledge. In addition, Caligari serves as a response to post-WWI Germany. Through the use of expressionism and the questioning of the senses of reality, Faustus also coinciding with changes in popular perceptions."
Tags: expressionism, film, german, history, literature, post, wwi
Abstract This paper examines the concept of conventions, in particular those relating to responsibility within the British government and the cabinet. It comments on the effectiveness of the concept as a means of restraining executive power. The paper examines the role of the House of Lords in terms of the recent changes and proposed reforms.
From the Paper "In Britain we have an unwritten constitution, which involves a number of non-legal conventional rules. These conventional rules mostly deal with the major responsibilities of government and it could be said that in general they are rules of non-legal accountability. Therefore, accountability of government is widely based on conventions and these conventions will discuss in detail, particularly those relating to the accountability of both government ministers and members of parliament."
Tags: accountability, government, britain, cabinet, executive, power, england
Abstract This paper discusses how classic cinema doesn?t simply happen and how it takes time, dedication, and a certain "Je ne sait quoi" to create a theme, method, or a wave of influence that can be seen and felt years after its initial pass. It examines how classic cinema goes above and beyond the call of simple entertainment and how it creates a benchmark and platform, which future filmmakers will use to create new and interesting ways to tell a same story over and over again. In particular, it analyzes how films, such as "Birth of a Nation" (1915), "The Cabinet of Doctor Caligari" (1920), and "Battleship Potemkin" (1925) ,through their unique, pioneer, or innovative approach to the film medium, created ideas and methods that are still in use today and how they have bestowed upon themselves the right to carry the title of classic cinema.
From the Paper "In the film "The Cabinet of Doctor Caligari" (1920) the most obvious image is that of surrealism. This movie is an eerie look into issues that revolve around insanity and hideousness. The set itself is incredibly expressionistic and offers the viewer many elusive and vague images. This fits in well with the location, which is, through most of the movie, an insane asylum. The doctor has hypnotic powers, which is depicted as the ultimate power over the bourgeois, violence and the fragile qualities of love. The film's background is also incredibly surrealistic, and for the time is was created this would be incredibly frightening."
Abstract The narrative strategies and artistic approaches of Wiene's "Des Cabinet des Dr. Caligari" and Renoir's "La R?gle du Jeu" appear significantly different from both the classical Hollywood model and from each other to warrant comparative analysis. This essay examines the alternative narrative strategies used in both films in relation to the classic narrative system and briefly compares the formal, technical, and aesthetic approaches of the two films with each other.
From the Paper "Another interesting feature is the use of iris transitions to and from black to point out certain objects or characters in a frame. This can be used as a less jarring alternative to close-ups (of which there are few) and is especially effective when used to highlight the emotion of a dramatically important scene, such as the malevolent lingering on Caligari's black striped glove as he lures Jane into his caravan, or when used to link related subjects, such as the iris close on Francis on the right side of the frame and subsequent iris open at the same place on the screen to reveal Jane near the start of the film."
Abstract This paper studies the impact of women on the political landscape of the U.S. The paper begins with a review of the suffrage movement and the passage of the nineteenth amendment. Then, the paper summarizes the early influence of First Ladies, such as Eleanor Roosevelt and Ladybird Johnson. The bulk of the paper studies the current group of influential female decision-makers, including cabinet members, governors and state and national legislators. The paper concludes by asking how far the U.S. has come since the 19th amendment, and whether the U.S. will ultimately see a female president.
From the Paper "Congress proclaimed the Nineteenth Amendment to be part of the U.S. Constitution on August 26, 1920. It reads: "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex..." (Americana, p. 575) Thus, the ratification of the Amendment by at least three-fourths of the States gave women the right to vote. It was called "Women's Suffrage" and recognized the equality of women under the law. Of course, as we all know, equality under the law as to access to the voting booth, and access to equality at work and under other legal activities were two separate items. In fact, until this very year, 1999, Congress has refused to pass any legislation, lumped together as ERA...Equal Rights Amendment which goes far beyond voting. So, in essence, women are not, according to the strictest interpretation of Constitutional law, protected in all areas of life."
Abstract As the title says, this essay is a very factual and informative summary of a large list of national statistics. It covers population, religion, trade, politics, labour force, transport and even which fish they catch. It covers some modern internal/external political history and international trade history. A very useful essay for anyone wishing to learn about India especially regarding trade.
From the Paper:
"Situated in the South East Asia bordering with the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, the country India is a country that is linked with Burma, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Belonging to one of the oldest civilizations the Indus Civilizations, its historical setting could be traced up to 5000 years. India has also been subject to a series of conquests like the invasion of Aryans, the Dutch, Portuguese, Turkish and Arabs.
They were also subjected to a series of political strife when the country was endeavoring for its independence in the 20th century. Today it has a federal republic government established on 15th August, the country has a President as the head of state, while the head of the government is the Prime Minister. The legal system is ruled by a cabinet of council of ministers who are appointed by the president at the recommendation of the Prime Minister."
Abstract The paper starts with a brief outline of who Dickinson was and talks about his pre-Independence writings to the colonial population. It then analyzes and examines Dickinson's beliefs and ideas regarding the economic, political, and social considerations involved in central government, regulation of trade, slavery, tariffs and taxation, and the right to vote.
From the paper;
"John Dickinson, the leading opponent of John Adams in the debate upon the Declaration of Independence, has correctly been dubbed the "Penman of the Revolution" by later historians. Besides writing the original Articles of Confederation, Dickinson served as a Pennsylvania legislator and represented that colony at the Stamp Act Congress and later, in the Continental Congress. Dickinson's first elaborate publication against the new policy of the British cabinet was printed in 1765 and was entitled The Late Regulations Respecting the British Colonies on the Continent of America Considered. In his celebrated Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies, Dickinson had a great influence in enlightening the American people on the subject of their rights, and preparing them for resistance."
Tags: politics, colonial, rule, congress, central, government, liberty
A study of the years 1644-1645 during the English Civil War when Parliament was in crisis. The paper asks how Parliament recovered the situation during 1645, and whether the King could have still have won the Civil War in this period.
Abstract An examination of the military position of both sides of the English Civil War at the end of 1644, an assessment of the strategies of both sides such as they were, and an appraisal of the measures taken during 1645. The paper shows how the formation of the New Model Army, and the impact of Naseby were two crucial elements which turned the war in Parliament's favour, with the third being a refocusing of Parliament's efforts towards a 'win the war' policy.
From the Paper "Might it therefore be said that the military outcome of the war remained in the balance until the campaigns of 1644 and not 1645 ? The answer is probably not. Despite the fact that the North had been lost through Rupert's defeat and the subsequent departure for the Continent of Newcastle, the only one of Charles' appointed grandees to achieve any real measure of success, Parliament failed to follow up any advantage it had gained. Crucially, Parliament had no overall strategy which they all could follow and the three armies split up immediately after the battle, each pursuing its own aims. The Scots marched to besiege Newcastle, Thomas Fairfax stayed in his home county of Yorkshire while Manchester, commander of the Eastern Association forces, returned home and "did as little as possible" (Davies). For the royalists, while Marston Moor had been a severe blow, the defeat had been a setback and certainly not the end of their cause."
Abstract This papers outlines the role played by the American president. It discusses the fact that the President is subject to the issues that are laid out in the Constitution, an eighteenth century document that was intended for governing a rural nation, far removed from the advanced, industrialized America of today. The writer explains that despite this fact, the office of President of the United States has become one of the most powerful and influential positions within world politics and economics.
From the Paper "Although, on the one hand, the President of the United States is one of the most powerful and influential individuals in the world, it is an office that is also subject to the rules and limitations which are clearly set out in Article II of the US Constitution. This constitutional definition of the office of President is highly specific on issues such as the term of office, the qualifications required to become President, and the structure of presidential elections. However, in regard to many of the important powers and roles of the President, there exists a degree of room for interpretation and evolution. Despite being generally considered as "one of the great successes of the Constitution" ( Pritchett, 1981), the modern office of President has acquired authority and functions which were neither intended nor outlined by the Constitution, and, through the legislation of Congress and the courts, the powers of the US President continue to expand and adapt to deal with today's issues (White, 1982)."
Abstract This paper analyzes the direction of the presidency in response to the separation of powers and the evolution of such in the 20th century. The presidency has been increasingly institutionalized and today's warrants of power and authority stem from the president's aides and the bureaucracy he oversees.
From the Paper "The separation of powers, as stipulation in the Constitution of the United States, has undergone several power changes since its formulation in 1789. The roles of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches have changed in formation of the 20th century balance of power. Most notable in this evolution is the rise of the presidency. Over the past two hundred years, the institutional office of the president has expanded to include hundreds of personnel in the Executive Office of the President. The bureaucracy has increased in size and scope, and the Cabinet encompasses fourteen departments. Each of these blocs presents opportunities and limitations in presidential power. Like our government structure as a whole, the executive establishment consists of separated institutions sharing power. Today's presidential challenges involve constitutional governance and the harnessing of power structures within the executive office."
Tags: branch, cabinet, congress, government, judicial, law, legislature, president
Examines their depictions as "dragon ladies," geishas, passive wives, invisibility, examples (films, TV, print, ads) and negative and positive stereotypes.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, 1999, $ 95.95
Abstract Introduction
One of the characteristic ways that human beings process information is to organize it in categories and use those categories to make sense of the world. According to Robert Emtman (1996), these stored categories, or schemas, are like mental filing cabinets which allow individuals to assimilate new information into categories of old information. The problem with this is that schemas can be unflattering stereotypes that resist change.
From the Paper "Asian Women and the U.S. Media
Introduction
One of the characteristic ways that human beings process information is to organize it in categories and use those categories to make sense of the world. According to Robert Emtman (1996), these stored categories, or schemas, are like mental filing cabinets which allow individuals to assimilate new information into categories of old information. The problem with this is that schemas can be unflattering stereotypes that resist change. New data is simply assimilated with the old and seen as reinforcing it, in many instances.
The way that stereotypes operate is by organizing information about some racial group into a homogenous category, in which all, or most members of the group, are seen as..."
Abstract The 18th century in England saw the destruction of the political structures that had been built up in the century before, as the political parties once in power lost their footing (or found themselves entirely transformed) to be replaced by different ones and as the power in the government shifted along institutional lines to the cabinet
From the Paper "The 18th century in England saw the destruction of the political structures that had been built up in the century before, as the political parties once in power lost their footing (or found themselves entirely transformed) to be replaced by different ones and as the power in the government shifted along institutional lines to the cabinet. The result of these transformations was that the modern structures of the British government were in substantial ways established during the first and second quarters of the 18th century.1
By the middle of the 18th century, both Whigs and Tories found themselves changed from what they had been. This is hardly surprising, given how much history had changed around them since these parties had formed. It is in fact less surprising that they changed than that they survived at all. This is especially true of ..."
From the Paper "According to Siegfried Kracauer, "the character of Caligari . . . stands for an unlimited authority that idolizes power." This idea is applicable both to Caligari and to the master of Metropolis, a man who is a virtual dictator and who has an entire class of people who serve the needs of the machine and so the city and have no other purpose in life. The central metaphor of the film is the transformation of a robot into a woman, and for leaders like Joh Fredersen, there is an entire class of human beings who are nothing but robots.
Power relations in The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (Robert Wiene, 1920) are displayed through exaggeration. The mesmerist holds power over the somnambulist with the power of his eyes, with gestures, and with direct orders. Power is a central motif in the town depicted, with high officials showing their power by..."
