This paper looks at the concept of environmental scanning, a tool used to forecast future opportunities thereby allowing an organization to take advantage of them when they occur.
Abstract Scanning is evaluated by managers and executives who have used it as a positive tool. The writer shows how small businesses can benefit from the use of scanning. The paper looks at situations in which a company has a chance to improve its strategic position by taking a specific, out of the ordinary, action. These actions are made possible by the use of scanning.
From the Paper "The viewpoint increasingly applied to these considerations is that an organization is an "open system": its growth and survival is dependent on the nature of the environment it faces. (Fahey, et al., pg 32) If any organization is subject to its environment, its future is tied in with factors (economic, political, technological, regulatory and sociological) which will inevitably come into play as change takes place within that environment. This is important because where opportunities exist is in those future changes."
Abstract This paper discusses how use of a retinal scan is the latest in a series of new security measures to ensure a person's identity. It shows that by using a low level infrared light a picture can be taken of the retina of the eye. This infrared light then reflects back to the camera the distinctive patterns making up the corneal area of the individual's eye. The author evaluates how with the use of iris recognition to identify the pattern of the iris, security personnel are using a technique that is as unique to each individual as are fingerprints and how the accuracy and integrity of this method is by far the most accurate of its kind.
From the Paper "The technology of iris recognition was the brainstorm of Leonard Flom and Aran Safir. These two ophthalmologists working with the company IriScan in New Jersey first determined in the 1980's that "the iris's complex pattern of striations, freckles and fibrous structures offered a considerably more precise means of identification than the relatively simple loops and whorls of a fingerprint. The human iris has some 260 independent variables; fingerprints have roughly 35" (Economist, 1998, 80)."
Abstract Explores its uses for tumors of the head and neck, the importance of CT scans for diagnosis and follow-up for monitoring responses to treatment. Examines the limitations in their use in planning of head and neck radiotherapy.
From the Paper Computed tomography scans (CT) have found wide application in many fields, and particularly in neurosurgery, where they can give the surgeon detailed information about the brain (Wilkins, 1996). Tumors of the head and neck can be treated with high ..."
Abstract The oil and gas extraction industry in Australia is comprised of firms that are primarily engaged in producing crude oil, natural gas or condensate and in treating these products on site to produce liquefied or purified forms of oil and gas. The paper presents an industry and environmental scan of oil and gas extraction in Australia. It includes graphs and tables.
Paper Outline:
Products of the Industry
Market Structure
Market Size and Sales
International Environment
Regulatory Environment
Demographics
Industry Problems
Industry Trends and Forecasts
Porter's 5 Forces Model Analysis
Bibliography
From the Paper "According to Richard A. Kerr, many economists foresee another half-century of cheap oil; however, a growing contingent of geologists warns that oil will begin to run out much sooner--perhaps in only 10 years or so. The optimists are characterized as mainly those who place their faith in new technology for finding and extracting oil and expect that production will meet rise in demand until about 50 years from now, a period deemed sufficient to identify and develop effective energy alternatives; however, the pessimists suggest that even taking into account the best efforts of the explorationists and the discovery of new fields in frontier areas such as the Caspian Sea sometime between 2010 and 2020, the production oil from wells around the world will peak at 80 million barrels per day, then begin a steady, inevitable decline (Kerr, 1998)."
Abstract This paper examines whether or not it is convenient for a local hospital to acquire an ultimate technology medical device, mainly a PET/CT scanning system. The paper discusses the benefits and threats of implementing such a device. According to the paper, the PET/CT is one of the latest technological devices in the medical world and is expected to give magnificent results in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases.
From the Paper "Since a first glance it might be assumed the fact that PET/CT would bring some important benefits to the patients' status and living. Even though, a great disadvantage might be represented by the high cost of the equipment, which has only allowed large hospitals to achieve it Moreover, in order for the very ill persons to be helped, UPMC has developed a mobile PET/CT unit that can be brought next to them. In this way the same equipment is able to be used by more than one clinic and its cost might be shared among them. "The Mobile PET/CT unit is identical to the stationary units, except that the equipment is mounted in a tractor trailer which is parked outside the network locations. Scans are scheduled with your oncologist, and the actual procedure takes place in the trailer" . "
This paper discusses the use of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans to reduce the need for exploratory surgery and other invasive techniques and to target better radiation therapy in cancer patients.
Abstract This paper explains that Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanning is an advanced imaging technique that can differentiate between malignant lesions and benign lesions in almost every process in cancer diagnosis, staging and treatment because PET is more sensitive than CT scanning or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques. The author explains that for PET scanning, the patient is injected with positron emitting radionuclides and placed in a tube and surrounded by a ring of detectors; when one of these high-energy photon rays is detected, the source location can be determined and mapped by a specialized software package. The paper relates that, after radiation and surgery there is considerable damage to surrounding tissue; therefore, it is often difficult to distinguish living cancer cells from morphological changes caused by surgery or tissue death caused by radiation; however, because dead tissue and cancer cells have different glucose metabolism rates, they are easy to distinguish by PET imaging.
Table of Contents
Improving Outcomes for Radiation Therapy
How PET Scanning Works
Radiation Therapy
Using PET to Analyze the Effectiveness of Radiation Treatments
From the Paper "Because PET scanning is based on glucose levels, it is important that these be controlled prior to the scan. Patients are usually told to fast for 4-6 hours prior to the test. However, they can drink water and take any medications that they are on. The goal is to get the base glucose level lower than 160 mg/dL before administering the FDG or other isotope. Patients with diabetes should continue their routine of eating small meals and taking their insulin. Then these small inconveniences, PET imaging is non-invasive and causes little discomfort to the patient."
A look at how the technique of PET (positron emission tomography) has advanced both our ability to diagnose brain injury and our knowledge of localisation of function within the brain.
Abstract This paper examines the technique of positron emission tomography, a technique used for imaging brain activity by measuring the flow of blood containing radioactive atoms that emit positrons. It describes the uses of PET scanning as a research tool and in the diagnosis of brain injuries. It also compares PET to other similar methods such as MRI scanning, x-raying and CT scanning.
From the Paper "In particular, PET has been used with great success in the study of which parts of the human brain are involved in language. With the assistance of positron emission tomography, studies have shown striking evidence that there are several independent regions of the brain involved in language. Among these areas that are crucial for language and speech are Wernicke's and Broca's regions. Due to the use of these non-invasive techniques (PET, MRI etc.) we now know that these regions are significantly spread out and are not located near the conventional language regions. We can see in scans from patients that different regions of the brain are used for specific tasks. Eg. a patient hearing words, reading words and seeing words uses very different parts of the brain for each task. (Delcomyn; 1998)."
This paper discusses computer tomography, an X-ray technique that is used to produce very detailed images of internal organs, commonly know as a CT, CT scan, or CAT.
Abstract This paper explains that, while conventional X-ray exams produce two-dimensional images, CT scans use an X-ray-sensing unit that rotates around the body and a large computer to create cross-sectional images of the inside of your body. The author points out that the paranasal sinuses, a complex three-dimensional structure, prior to the use of CAT, could only be viewed through dangerous surgery; however, now with CAT, they can be viewed by computer-aided, image-guided, endoscopic sinus surgery avoiding surgical pitfalls. The paper relates that there can be risks associated with CAT scans similar to the risks of conventional rays; however, doctors and other scientists believe that CAT scans provide enough valuable information to outweigh the associated risks of radiation.
Table of Contents
Brief History
Benefits for Computer Tomography
How Does Computer Tomography Work?
Risks of Computerized Tomography
Conclusion
From the Paper "During its brief history, advancements for computerized tomography have made great improvements in speed, patient comfort, and resolution. As scan times have gotten faster, more anatomy can be scanned more quickly and more efficiently. The extreme speed of scanning allows the elimination of artifacts from patient motion such as normal breathing. Faster scanning helps to eliminate artifacts from patient motion such as breathing or peristalsis. CT exams are even now quicker and more patient friendly than ever before. Tremendous research and development has been made to provide exceptional image quality for a diagnostic guarantee of the lowest possible x-ray dose."
Abstract This work reviews the "retina biometric technological application" in relation to the practical use of this application as well as the drawbacks, failures and successes that have been experienced with this technological security application. The paper explains that retinal scanning has been called the most precise biometric technology available today. The paper describes the positive and negative effects of using retinal scanning for security purposes. The author describes how it is possible that retinal scanning could be abused in future applications, creating a real invasion of privacy.
From the Paper "In the high-tech world of today, security systems are prevalent in both the public eye and in the view of the individual who seeks to protect their property and family. The equipment utilized is stated to be "electronic, optical and acoustic security, detection, monitoring and surveillance systems" (Market Research Report, Business Communications Co. 2002) Further, all of these technological advances in security are used for the purpose of protecting" persons, organizations and companies, commercial and social operations, civil and military installations both at national and international levels....[ranging from] "the personalized security systems of a home to large-scale systems for the protection of crucial national installations." Included in these systems are closed-circuit television cameras which comprise the omnipresent all-seeing eyes throughout the cities and in railway and subway stations. The constant recording and transmission of these hidden cameras informs law enforcement and security personnel of any impending threats."
Abstract This paper focuses on environmental scanning, a process involving gathering, analyzing and dispensing information for the purpose of formulating strategic moves that will give a company a competitive advantage. The paper provides details on research from an environmental scan conducted for ManTech International that includes the remote, industry and operating environment. The paper also identifies changes that are expected to affect ManTech International. The author suggests how ManTech can benefit from the environmental scan by using the external and internal sources of information received from the environmental analysis to identify challenges and opportunities.
Outline:
Remote, Industry and Operating Environment
SWOT Analysis
Strategic Long Term Objectives
Conclusion
From the Paper "Formulating strategic long term objectives can be achieved through profitability, productivity, Competitive Positioning, Employee Development, Employee Relations, Technological Leadership and Public Responsibility. One of ManTech's long-term objective will involve dominating the defense contractor industry. This strategy falls under the competitive positioning strategy. Currently Lockheed Martin, our competitor holds the dominating status. The status is obtained through greatest revenue. Employee development is the second long-term objective for ManTech. Developing employees through education and training not only provide the employees with chance for higher pay and job security, but it also provides ManTech with greater productivity levels and a decrease in employee turnover."
Tags: case study, strategic planning, environmental scan
Abstract This paper explains that many companies have developed counter-terrorist technology for commercial applications to government, airlines, shipping ports and other easy and potential targets; two of the biggest ideas in counter-terrorist technology include biometrics and nanotechnology. The author points out the PACE project shows that biometrics may be the way to keep countries safe from known terrorists by utilizing technology such as facial scans, which work by measuring distances between lips, nose, eyes, and other features to determine whether someone's face actually matches a scan previously taken. The paper states that nanotechnology has not really taken off, but efforts are being applied to make some commercial applications using this technology.
From the Paper "One of the companies that is working hard to bring biometrics to the forefront of counter-terrorism technology is Fingerscan Pty Ltd, which is a subsidiary of a larger identification and biometrics company based in California. Fingerscan is working toward using fingerprint recognition technology to identify and authenticate individuals. Most of this technology would apply to banks and other high security areas where fraud and deceit can sometimes be problematic. However, after the terrorist attacks, it is clear that this type of scan will likely be utilized in even more commercial applications to ensure that individuals who come into a country are who they claim to be. This could be vitally important and have far-reaching applications for the counter-terrorism concerns that plague many countries today, and could keep many safer."
Tags: fingerprint, nanotechnology, biometrics, scan, face
A critical review of R. Beal's article "Competing Effectively: Environmental Scanning, Competitive Strategy, and Organizational Performance in Small Manufacturing Firms."
Abstract This paper discusses R. Beal's article on environmental scanning and its effect on competitive strategy and organizational performance in small firms. The writer describes the two main hypotheses of the research project, the primary research and subsequent factor analysis in the article and points out some glaring omissions and contradictions. The writer concludes that the findings in the article are too generic to be useful for small manufacturers, and that the contradictions should be smoothed out in order to present a cohesive article.
Outline:
Introduction
Critique of the Article
Critique of Environmental Scanning: Frequency and Scope
Summary
From the Paper "Where Beal fails to bring greater value into this specific area of research however is in not delving deeper into which specific processes are those that are the most targeted for best manufacturing process definition and improvement. Critically analyzing this specific and highly significant result of the research, one could argue that the best manufacturing processes across industries vary significantly by size of manufacturer and that even in the sampling frame of this research there is wide variation."
Tags: assessment, Varimax rotation, alignment industry differentiation, customer service, applicability
Abstract The paper explains the anatomy of attenuation and how it is used in ultrasound scans to determine to a higher degree the image quality of a CT scan. The paper looks at several studies on CT imaging results and the use of attenuation-corrected images.
From the Paper "Attenuation means a reduction in intensity and amplitude in a radio signal. Radio signals are used in medicine in the medium of ultrasound. Measured in decibels (dB) per unit length of medium, attenuation is represented by the coefficient of the medium in question (dB/cm, dB/km, and so forth) (Zagzebski 3).
"Attenuation is used in ultrasound physics and is the reduction of the beam amplitude, as a function of the distance it goes through the medium being imaged. One has to account for attenuation effects because reduced signal amplitude affects the image quality. By adjusting the amplitude to account for the attenuation in the ultrasound beam going through the medium, loss of energy at the desired depth is achieved (Bushong 2)."
Abstract This paper discusses the use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Petrographic analysis, microscopy and radiography, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (IR) in examining archeological remains. The author includes an application of these methods. Pictures and graphs are included.
From the Paper "There are many ways one can study archaeological materials. This paper will focus on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Petrographic analysis, microscopy and radiography, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). All are part of a process that helps to identify many materials, which in turn provide answers to parts of the past. They are all very useful tools for the examination of archaeological artifacts and many other things."
Abstract This paper examines the applications of biometrics, the technology utilizing the scanning and categorizing of physical characteristics for security purposes. It illustrates how this technology is being heralded as the utopia for security management in data networks. This critical analysis explores the ability of biometrics science to provide the next generation of secure networks.
From the Paper "The article on biometrics by William Saito listed in Appendix A of this analysis examines some of the basic concepts involving the science of biometrics as a security technology as well as the merits of that technology to solve current security issues. Saito first submits that current use of passwords to protect data is no longer viable and that stronger methods of authentication such as biometrics is necessary evolution point for the Internet age that we are now in."
