Tags:birth, caesar, c-section, child, doctor, labor, baby, surgery

Abstract
This paper looks at how the C.T. Scanner is a sophisticated type of x-ray machine, which rather than sending out one wide single x-ray sends out a number of beams from various angles simultaneously. It compares the C.T. Scanner with the M.R.I. Scanner, which uses magnets and radio waves instead of radiation and discusses how the M.R.I. Scanner gives greater detail for soft tissues; whereas the C.T. Scanner gives a clearer picture of the bones.

From the Paper
"Research also shows that Robert Ledley was the first person to devise a scanner that was able to scan the whole body. This was to revolutionize diagnostic medicine. The first model, that was actually used for diagnosis and built by Doctor Ledley was called an A.C.T.A .Scanner and was used clinically at Georgetown University Hospital in the USA from 1974 - 1978. This machine is now a part of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica Almanac, 2003, the mathematical base of CAT screening was devised in 1963-64 by Allan Cormack of the United States and the first C.T. scan machine was built in 1972 by Godfrey Hounsfield of the U.K.."

Tags:magnets, radiation, diagnostic, cross-section, dimensional

Abstract
The paper studies the binding nature of the foreign judgments i.e. judgments given by the courts in foreign countries and the scope and object of section 13 of the Indian Civil Procedure Code. It also describes project describes the conditions under which the judgments given by any foreign court creates the rule of estoppel or res judicata.

Outline
Nature and Scope of Sec. 13, C.P.C.
Jurisdiction to Foreign Courts
Binding Nature of Foreign Judgments: Principles
Foreign Judgment Not By a Competent Court
Foreign Judgment Not on Merits
Foreign Judgment Against International or Indian Law
Foreign Judgments Opposed to Natural Justice
Foreign Judgment Obtained By Fraud
Foreign Judgment Founded on Breach of Indian Law
Presumption as to Foreign Judgments: Section 14
Submission to Jurisdiction of Foreign Court
Conclusiveness of Foreign Judgment
Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
Foreign Awards
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Explaining the nature of fraud, de Grey, C.J. stated that though a judgment would be res judicata and not impeachable from within, it might be impeachable from without. In other words, though it is not permissible to show that the court was "mistaken", it might be shown that it was "misled". There is an essential distinction between mistake and trickery. The clear implication of the distinction is that an action to set aside a judgment cannot be brought on the ground that it has been wrongly decided, namely, that on the merits, the decision was one which should not have been rendered, but it can be set aside if the court was imposed upon or tricked into giving the judgment."

Tags:civil, code, conflict, execution, fraud

Abstract
The paper analyzes and compares the consequences of failing to satisfy the duty of disclosure, candor and good faith at the United States Patent and Trademark Office, in particular as it applies in relation to the filing of information disclosure statements, to the consequence for failing to notify search results to IP Australia.

Outline:
Australian Patents Act (1990) - Sections 45(3), 101D and 102(2C)
Comparison

From the Paper
"In order to establish a case of fraud, it must be shown that there existed an element of wilful, wrongful conduct, or wrongful intent before the Patent & Trademark Office, and that the wrongful conduct or intent attempted to impair, or actually impaired, the Patent & Trademark Office's ability to perform its statutory function . On the other hand, the lesser charge of inequitable conduct is established by showing that the information withheld was material, and that the misrepresentation was intentional ."

Tags:patentability, inequitable, conduct, common-law, fraud, judicial, doctrine

Abstract
This paper describes and reviews the textbook "Professional Orientation to Counseling" by Nicholas A. Vacc and Larry C. Loesch which was written as a reference guide to counselors and future counselors. Additionally this book is intended to be a study guide for those taking the National Counselor Examination for Licensure and Certification. The book is further described as being is made up of eight sections and 16 chapters which address concerns, ethics, and skills of professional counselors and those who may aspire to be in the future. The paper details each chapter, giving a lengthy overview of its topic and contents. The paper concludes with the reviewer's opinion of the work, which is very positive.

From the Paper
"The first chapter of this text gives an overview of what counseling is. Vacc and Loesch (2000) break counseling down with ten aspects of counseling. First counseling is a process, which means it is on-going. Second the essence of the counseling process is the relationship. The third aspect is that the person providing the service is known as the counselor. The fourth aspect is that the counselor is a professional. Fifth, the person who is getting the help is known as the clients. The sixth aspect of counseling is that it takes place in stages. The seventh aspect is that counseling is multidimensional. Eighth, counseling can use a variety of modalities. Ninth, counseling can be provided using either remedial or preventative perspectives or both. And lastly counseling is amenable to evaluation. I believe that the authors addressed this issue first, because in order to understand the world of professional counseling you must know what professional counseling is."

Tags:school counseling, disclosure, behavior modification, helping skills

Abstract
This paper explains that, more than a decade later, eBay has become the most successful online enterprise in existence, with millions of users all over the world. The author points out that eBay was developed by Pierre Omidyar in 1995 as a small online auction to kick-start the sales of his girlfriend's Pez dispenser collection. The paper relates that eBay can be considered successful based solely on its highly rated customer service, which is a major component in the success of any C2C business. The author underscores that, although countless auction sites have attempted to duplicate eBay, by 2002, eBay controlled more than 80% of the U.S. online auction market. The paper explains that, for international trading, eBay created a section of the site, which contains useful tools, such as a shipping rate calculator, a currency conversion calculator, a global community chat, and a guide to the process of international trade.

From the Paper
"In 2002, eBay launched a new extended warranty program to further serve its customers. This program pertains only to electronics and allows sellers to list a free link in their listing that gives buyers an option to purchase an extended warranty through eBay for any electronics that a user wins through auction on the site. This program essentially adds value to electronic items, helping eBay to attract even more customers who may have been avoiding the site based on the fact that an extended warranty was not an option in the past."

Tags:warranty feedback, corporate social responsibility, competition paypal

Abstract
The paper will refer to varied ideas from mainly religious subjects in discussing Ewing's view of Cause in philosophy, including non-Western philosophy, in addition to comments that may refer to contemporary Physics and Anthropology. In general, an effort will be made to fully explain Ewing's review in the light of examples and perhaps contradictions in a range of sources. A brief outline of the chapter will introduce the paper, allowing an uninformed reader to gain more from three main sections.

Abstract
This paper critiques and reviews the study "Factors Considered Important at the End of Life by Patients, Family, Physicians and Other Care Providers". In particular, the paper explains the purpose of the study and then notes that the study lacked a literature review, that it did not provide a specific hypotheses concerning the research question, and that it was difficult to determine whether or not the study's design flowed logically from the existing literature, due to the lack of an adequate literature review. The paper also discusses the concern of the study's authors about retrospective bias in sampling the grieving families, the target population for the study, and the difficulty in evaluating the construct validity of the study. Lastly, the paper evaluates the discussion section of the study and the lack of alternative explanations for of the findings in the study.

From the Paper
"Essentially, this article did not provide a literature review. Most articles begin with a brief introduction to the topic of interest followed by an in depth review of the literature that allows the reader to understand the previous research conducted, as well as the gaps in the current literature. This article mentioned a few previous studies and the lack of consensus concerning the definition of a good death but presented no review of the literature that could be considered substantial by any measure. As such, the article is also missing a guiding framework, and no such framework can be derived from the remainder of the article. Thus, the article does not present the variables of interest in relation to any concepts or frameworks. The article does not present specific hypotheses besides mentioning that empirical evidence would be useful for caregivers in understanding the needs and desires of patients and families. The article makes no predictions as to the outcome of the study. "

Tags:death, survey

Abstract
This paper explains that Pharaoh Ramses II was a powerful ruler, a successful diplomat, a masterful publicist and prolific builder. The author points out that Ramses II, whose throne name was "Usi-ma-re Setepenre" ("Strong in right is Re, Chosen of Re"), was the third Egyptian pharaoh of the nineteenth dynasty. The paper includes a section of "Epic Poem of Pentaur" in which Ramses II describes the battle as a personal triumph under insurmountable odds against the Hittites. The author describes Ramesseum, a mortuary temple in Thebes, built by Ramses II as a memorial to praise forever his military and diplomatic achievements, and Pi-Ramses, modern Qantir, the great capital city. The paper relates that one of the major discoveries in Pi-Ramses occurred in the early twenty-first century when archaeologists unearthed a glass making workshop.

From the Paper
"Ramses II set out to recapture Kadesh, a strategically located city in Syria. Ramses II took his troops into the area of Kadesh. While traveling toward the city, he and his first two military divisions became separated from the remaining two divisions that lingered behind him. Two men who had met up with the Egyptian army provided intentionally false information to the Egyptians as to the location of the Hittite army. Believing that the Hittite troops were farther off than their actual location (while waiting for his remaining divisions to arrive) he moved his troops near the city and began to set up camp."

Tags:hittites ramesseum workshops pi-ramses, glass ingots

Abstract
In the document "The Education of a Wife," the economy is analyzed, and by economy is meant the successful management of a household in all of its aspects. This document therefore says much about daily life in the fourth century BC.

From the Paper
" In the document "The Education of a Wife," the economy is analyzed, and by economy is meant the successful management of a household in all of its aspects. This document therefore says much about daily life in the fourth century BC. The text is from the Oeconomicus of Xenephon and makes use of the Socratic dialogue, as did Plato.


The Socratic dialogue as depicted hee always suggests a streetcorner discussion between the philosopher and a group of followers, creating an image of Athens and so of a settled social order.


Part of that social order is the domestic household. Running the household is the purview of the wife, and the male, Ischomachus, here says he does not have to stay home because his wife is perfectly capable of taking care of the home. She is..."