Abstract This paper looks at the various type of pollution created when a country begins the process of economic development. It compares the types of pollution generally encountered in underdeveloped countries to countries undergoing the process of industrialization. Also, discussed in this paper, are the ways that the industrialization process can spread pollution, the types of industry that contribute to pollution and how the fuels needed to support these industries create even more pollution.
From the Paper "Once industrial development takes place, the process of pollution affects air, ground and water. Plants and factories produce suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and lead. (Edgmand et al, 1996) At one time, it was thought that the harmful effects of these manufacturing byproducts became naturally neutralized by the wind, and in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, smokestacks were built to great heights to achieve this goal. However, all that happened was that the pollution was dispersed to other areas; for example, Scandinavia became the victim of industrial pollution from Germany and Great Britain."
Abstract A thorough description of the fungi in genus Fusarium, also explaining the complexities of fungal taxonomy with regard to anamorph/telemorph distinction. Discusses the toxic byproducts of Fusarium's life cycle, its presence as an agricultural disease and its potential use as a biological weapon.
Abstract A thorough description of the fungi in genus Fusarium, also explaining the complexities of fungal taxonomy with regard to anamorph/telemorph distinction. Discusses the toxic byproducts of Fusarium's life cycle, its presence as an agricultural disease, and its potential use as a biological weapon.
This paper compares the present state of the world with Richard Fleischer's 1973 film, "Soylent Green," which, set in 2022, depicts a grim future for mankind.
Abstract This paper explains that man-made global warming, homelessness, globalization, toxic waste, waterway pollution, and population growth, if left unchanged, can lead to a world where 'Soylent Green' may be the world's new food staple. The author points out that the main culprits of global warming are carbon dioxide released by burning fossil fuels; methane gas, which has more than doubled in concentration over the past three centuries as the result of cultivating rice, raising livestock and exploring for oil; and nitrous oxide, a byproduct of burning fossil fuels and producing nylon and fertilizer. The paper stresses that globalization may prove to be the biggest culprit in making Fleischer's world a reality because, as more companies resort to subcontract, part-time, and temporary work, job insecurity is at an all-time high, forcing many to work at below subsistence, minimum wage and more hours than they did thirty years ago; moreover, the retirement age is reaching nearly seventy years old as employers no longer provide pension plans.
From the Paper "The population of New York City is 40,000,000. The middle class is non-existent. Water is rationed, and only the rich can afford real food while the rest of the population eats Soylent products. People only venture outside at night because of high temperatures due to global warming. The oceans are dead, the land is dead, animal life has disappeared. Basically, corporate greed has destroyed any semblance of culture and civilized society. The world in 2022 may not be exactly like Fleischer's portrayal, but it does show signs of veering in that direction."
Tags: warming, homelessness, globalization, pollution, population
Abstract The paper defines what stem cell research is and what it is used for, and explains what stem cells themselves are and why research focuses on them. The paper examines the legal issues raised by this research, explaining and contrasting the opinions of believers in rule of law, legal positivists, legal realists, secular humanists and the jurisprudence of critical legal studies, forming the complete spectrum of understandings of the place of law in society. The paper expounds upon the position of each of these groups regarding stem cell research, and supports some of the positions, while disagreeing with others, comparing and citing examples from the 2000 presidential elections and from when slavery was legal before the Civil War. In conclusion, the writer expresses the opinion that stem cell research should only be done on a byproduct harvested after a natural childbirth and posits that it is not necessary to trade the life of one person for the well-being of another.
From the Paper "The controversy revolves around the fact that these cells are most numerous in human embryos. In order to have a ready supply of stem cells, processes are being established to grow, and 'harvest' these cells from human embryos. Herein is the controversy. Is it morally, ethically, and legally proper to create life in one innocent being, and then destroy it in order to benefit another being? Is the embryo a being? If so, this argument leaves the exclusively legal realm, and must also be considered on the basis of moral and ethical principles. If the human embryo is not a being, but an unviable tissue mass, then growing and harvesting specific cells is neither a moral nor legal issue. In this latter case, the only laws needed to guide such research are those already in place, that govern the research and development of disease resistant cash crops, such as corn and wheat."
Abstract This paper looks at the Columbian Exchange, an accidental byproduct of the Old World coming together with the New World which provided a forum for the exchange of many things including plants, animals and disease. It further discusses how the Columbian Exchange provided a massive transformation of the world's eco-system which had a significant impact on mankind.
Outline:
Introduction
How the Process Began
The Not so Nice Side of the Exchange
Understanding the Environmental Impact
Significance
Conclusion
From the Paper "The beginning of what is now referred to as the Columbian Exchange arrived during the second voyage to North America by Christopher Columbus and the 1,200 men he brought with him. It was at that time that Europeans arrived on North American soil. This event triggered a massive transformation of the global ecosystem because the arrival of the Europeans sparked the beginning of the two areas of the world sharing and trading flora, fauna and disease(Columbia pp). It was a time in which the Old World met with the New World and neither side was prepared ecologically for the onslaught that the introduction of eco-system elements to the environments would bring. "
Abstract This paper evaluates the pros and cons of running a hybrid car versus one that is powered by gasoline. The paper discusses how, with the price of gasoline globally escalating, the debate between hybrid and gasoline-powered cars is also becoming more prevalent.
From the Paper "With all the efforts of auto manufacturers to deliver hybrid vehicles, the questions remain if these automobiles are worth the higher price when lower-priced and smaller gasoline-powered vehicles get just as good of mileage and are thousands of dollars less. Hybrid vehicles do deliver efficiency in larger metro areas where state and local governments allow drivers traveling alone to use the High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes. The State of California has recently decided to retract the offer to hybrid vehicle owners to use HOV lanes due to the slowness of hybrid vehicle sales in the state and the cost of administering the program. With this benefit no longer available and the wide variety of low cost and high mileage cars in California, hybrid cars are being increasingly seen as a social statement of environmental awareness over the economics of operating them. "
Abstract This paper reviews and discusses the causes of the Civil War. According to the paper, many believe that the Northern attack on the South during the United States Civil War, was based on the desire to rid the nation of slavery because it was immoral and inhumane. The paper goes on to say that while slavery abolishment was a needed and appropriate byproduct of the Civil War, it was not the foundation for its creation. The paper reports that the true reason the North wanted to fight against the South, was to promote capitalism and to support wage slavery instead.
From the Paper "Upon the backs of hard working Americans the nation would be built with a solid foundation of capitalism and the rich would become more wealthy through this system. Well known author and historian Charles Adams, writes in his book "For Good and Evil: The Impact of Taxes on the Course of Civilization' that the Civil War was little more than an attack by the North on the South to protect a tax base and capitalist gain. "The tariff not only drove up the price of the manufactured goods that agrarian Southerners bought, it invited other countries to enact their own levies on Southern cotton. In this telling, Lincoln, and the North, wanted more than anything to raise tariffs, both to support a public works agenda and to protect Northern goods from competition with imports(Oliver, 2001)."
Abstract This paper discusses the environmental problems associated with the main final byproduct of nuclear waste, which is known as depleted uranium (DU). The paper first describes the history of the use of depleted uranium. It then discusses the associated ethical concerns, as well as environmental observations after wartime use of depleted uranium munitions. The paper contains graphs and figures.
Table of Contents:
Introduction and Outline of the Main Issues
Depleted Uranium Ordinance
Ethical Concerns
Environmental Observations After Wartime Use of Depleted Uranium Munitions
Conclusion
From the Paper "The most disturbing implications of all concern the discrepancy with which nuclear waste is handled and regulated to ensure its relative safety in the U.S. compared to the complete disregard that is apparent on the part of U.S. authorities in charge of occupied Iraqi territory. As the leader of global philanthropy and human rights throughout the world, the U.S. has a moral obligation to minimize the unintended environmental and human impact of its weapons of war on noncombatants. It may very well be the case that the use of DU ammunition is a necessary evil of 21st Century conflicts. Nevertheless, the moral imperative that is part and parcel of its justified use in wartime is to minimize, rather than ignore its lasting effects after cessation of hostilities."
