Abstract
The following paper examines a recent essay of some repute and examines how it introduces and buttresses its argument and where the essay falls short. The paper argues that the essay is largely well-organized and effectively introduces an important concept early on in the proceedings, but it is too intemperate to effectively sway those holding a contrary position.

From the Paper
"Essay writing is a skill that requires considerable effort as well as considerable time; it is an acquired facility that is rarely honed over night. With that in mind, the following paper will review Franz J Broswimmer's chapter, "Ecocide and Globalization" with an eye towards uncovering the manner by which Broswimmer defends his central thesis. More specifically, the succeeding pages will, as in an earlier paper reviewing essay-writing, examine how the author begins his paper and how he constructs his paper."

Tags:comparison, contrast, broswimmer

Abstract
This paper examines in detail the area of Richmond, Virginia, and some of the impacts of the recession. The paper includes a research project that shows the individual impact of recession issues on the population. Sources include numerous primary and secondary data materials, current newspapers, methodological studies, and state, federal, local and private economic projections. Numerous figures, tables and graphs are included to buttress data, and there is a large bibliography.

Outline:
Executive Summary
Chapter 1 - Definition
Chapter 2 - Area Overview
Chapter 3 - The Study
Chapter 4 - Literature Review
Chapter 5 - Methodology
Chapter 6- Interpretation of Research
Chapter 7 - Conclusions, Recommendations for Further Research

From the Paper
"While it is sensical that there is a major impact from recessionary times, sometimes scholars look at the issue from a macro, rather than micro, paradigm. For the purposes of this paper, we will focus on the Richmond, Virginia, Major Metropolitan Area and what effects the recession has on that area, especially in comparison to the State. Like many big cities and little towns throughout the country today, Richmond is suffering. It is difficult for people to pay their mortgages, and many small and medium-sized businesses are going under. Some of this is happening because of what are called 'intertemporal choices." Intertemporal choices are things that have benefits and costs that are not immediate. They are spread out over time, and they are important. Often times, these are fairly common choices such as whether to have children, or which house to buy. Obviously, these are choices that have long-term implications.
"Richmond's strategic location on the James River has acted as a boon to the development of the city as a major commercial sector, emerging from the Civil War with one of the healthiest economies of the time. The city has both the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and a Federal Reserve Bank, and numerous major corporations. Like many major eastern urban areas, Richmond has spent the past few decades revitalizing the downtown area, building new industrial parks, and increasing the presence of academic and artistic institutions. The city is not large enough to withstand numerous corporate moves, and makes a serious and concerted effort to keep active the numerous white-collar jobs that so invigorate the area."

Tags:foreclosures, bankruptcies, mortgages, layoffs, downturn

Abstract
This paper argues that the use of simulators in the training of military aviation maintenance crews increases the likelihood that graduates of a program will be highly-qualified and professionally competent at precisely the same time as the traditional costs associated with training are sharply reduced. To buttress this claim, the paper surveys the available literature and then complements this by surveying a number of former flight instructors who worked in both simulators and in non-simulator environments. Not to be overlooked, the paper devotes time to outlining the methodology used in arriving at its findings and the final section is set aside to articulating what recommendations the writer of this study believes should be borne in mind by military decision-makers desirous of optimizing the Department of Defense's finite resources.

Tags:military, aviation, simulators

Abstract
The following paper examines the devolved assemblies of Scotland and Wales and at their relative achievements, largely focusing on why devolution has worked well for everyone and should even proceed further. In buttressing this argument and others raised in the paper, it is important to provide context. The paper gives a lengthy review of nationalism and of the precipitating historical factors which led to the devolution process in both lands. The paper concludes by stating that devolution has done more harm than good, however it is not at all a bad idea to continue the process, especially in Wales.

From the Paper
"The respective experiences and achievements of the devolved assemblies of Scotland and Whales The following paper will look at the devolved assemblies of Scotland and Wales and at their relative achievements - largely with a focus upon explaining why devolution has worked well for everyone and should even proceed further. In buttressing this argument and others raises in the paper, it is important to provide context; hence, a lengthy review of nationalism and of the precipitating historical factors which led to the devolution process in both lands will be discussed. In the end, this paper will argue that, with devolution having done more harm than good, it is..."

Tags:scotland, wales, devolution

Abstract
This paper is about leadership and strategy and includes from Sun Tzu five "laws of Leadership" and five "laws of strategy." Each law is buttressed by a (brief) verbatim reference to The Art of War.

From the Paper
"Leadership and Strategy. Sun Tzu was born in the Chinese state of Ch'i during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history and is believed to have authored "The Art of War" sometime during the fourth century BCE. Many great Chinese philosophers lived during this time including Confucius Mencius and Lao Tzu. Charles Rarick explains in SAM Advanced Management Journal, that the legend is that Sun Tzu's manuscript attracted the attention of King Ho-luof Wu who requested an audience with the author."

Tags:Leadership, and, Strategy, Sun, Tzu, five, laws of Leadership, and, five, laws of strategy, The, Art, of, War.

Abstract
This paper discusses how an increasingly sophisticated global economy has resulted in significantly changing the dynamics of migrant labor. It explains that the effects of globalization on domestic societies and economies has now become a controversial issue. The paper concludes that unless governments and policy makers are able to buttress the forces of globalization with institutions and policies that are able to spread the benefits to the vast majority of the world's population, it is likely that political, social, and labor movements will succeed in reversing the process of globalization.

From the Paper
"The United Nations Population Division estimates that there were 175 million people residing outside their country of birth in 2000. This estimate represents a hundred percent increase over the 1975 estimated figure of migrants (Migration News, 2002). Further, if labor force participation rates are applied to UN estimates of migrants by country, it becomes evident that the migration of labor has played a significant role in influencing the upward trend in global migration in the fourth quarter of the twentieth century. For, such an exercise reveals that there were approximately 80 million migrant workers around the globe at the turn of the twentieth century (Migration News, 2004). Although such large numbers of migrant workers is not without historical precedence, it is important to note that an increasingly sophisticated global economy has resulted in significantly changing the dynamics of migrant labor. Indeed, this fact is evident in an analysis that compares and contrasts the traditional causes and factors of migrant labor with the more recent effects of a global world economy."

Tags:global, economy, labor, migrant

Abstract
The paper provides an overview of Romanesque architecture during the 11th and 12th centuries, followed by a discussion of some examples of the architectural style. The paper includes pictures of structures in this style.

Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The term Romanesque architecture applies to the various stages of European architecture that were influenced by both Carolingian architecture and the diffusion of Latin civilization following the break-up of the Roman Empire up to the end of the 12th century. While there has been a modest resurgence in interest in Romanesque architectural style in the West, the term continues to conjure up mistaken perceptions about precisely what Romanesque architecture is and what precise architectural elements serve to define its style."

Tags:abbeys, castles, palaces, vaults, buttresses

Abstract
This paper begins with the symbolic spacial layout of Gothic architecture and relates it to medieval society in general. Also discussed is the cruciform shape of Gothic cathedrals and the symbolism of the cross. The paper also catalogues the main imagery found in Gothic churches and how it relates to the architecture, including windows and light symbolism. Finally, historical interpretations in churches are discussed such as the "New Jerusalem" and the "Garden of Paradise".

From the Paper
"Despite the romantic observations of Schlegel and Laugier, seeing a forest in the cathedral, Frankl again makes the sober comment that "as far as we know, the architect of Durham did not ask himself how he could give a vault the form of a tree-top, so that it should represent paradise: it was only after the Gothic style had logically developed within the terms of the 'law according to which it had been born' . . . that the house of God became vegetal in form." In an essay on the symbolism of Gothic architecture, it is important to point out, lest we get carried away, that technological innovations were the impetus for a good deal of what came to constitute the style as such. "

Tags:arch, buttresses, cathedral, church, clergy, medieval, theology

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the Middle Ages gave rise to several schools of thought after the fall of the Roman Empire, schools of thought that would shape how Christianity would be represented and worshipped. The writer points out that as a result, Gothic architecture was born, with markedly different characteristics than its predecessors. The writer discusses that the Gothic architectural style had one central theme in mind: to display the glory of God while demonstrating the smallness and insignificance of man, a mortal being. In doing so, new methods of construction were implemented to give the structures a more intense assertion of grandeur. The writer concludes that each cathedral has a story to tell, and the Gothic method of architecture allowed them to tell their story in a unique and grandiose fashion.

Outline:
The European Middle Ages and the Gothic Cathedral
Notre-Dame D'Amiens
Other Influential Biblical References
Bibliography

From the Paper
"One characteristic of the Gothic cathedral that separated it from its predecessors was its use of the "flying buttress". Historically, cathedrals had been built in such a manner that its sheer size called for thicker walls to support the tremendous weight bearing down from the top of the structures. In Gothic cathedrals, the flying buttress was initiated. Bearing the weight of the structure from an angle, the flying buttress allowed for the walls of the cathedrals to have cut-outs, which allowed for much larger windows, allowing light to pour into the interior, illuminating the structure while adding to its spiritual ambience.
"While the Gothic cathedral boasted several new forms of design, there was an adherence to tradition in part of its construction: the floor plan. The floor plan of the Gothic cathedral was designed in the same "cross" patterns of previous cathedrals, with each section having a different function for biblical reference."

Tags:buttress, Notre, Dame, arch, structure