Abstract
This paper is a research project "thesis" and a literature review for an environmental science unit for children about monarch and swallowtail butterflies.

Abstract
The paper relates that Julia Alvarez' novel "In the Time of the Butterflies" is based on the real story of the four Mirabal sisters, who take an active part in the Fourteenth of June Movement against the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo in the Dominican Republic. The paper discusses how Catholicism is a very important element in the novel and demonstrates how religion shapes the very culture and identity of the Dominican nation.

From the Paper
"The main functions of the church in human life are those of kerygma or witness, litourgia or worship and diakonia or service. All of these three functions indicate the roles that the Catholic Church should play in the life of man, namely to witness the religion of Jesus Christ and to perpetuate it, to worship God as the sole divinity and to do service to men, that is to protect and support them at any time. In Alvarez' novel, the Church fails at the beginning in its main functions, as it becomes involved in the political game of power. When the Catholic Church backs the regime of Trujillo, it forgets the essential duties to God and man: it no longer acts as a witness to God when it comes to obey a single man, the dictator."

Tags:Church, Trujillo, Dominican, Republic, dictatorship, religion

Abstract
The novel "In the Time of the Butterflies" is a fictionalized biography of the lives and fate of a family of sisters who were killed in 1960 during the political turmoil in their native Dominican Republic. The paper shows how the author, Julia Alvarez, a Dominican by repatriation, celebrates the lives and murders of the Mirabal sisters, who are referred to as the Mariposas or butterflies, recreating historical events while recounting some of her own experiences in that time and place.

From the Paper
"Around the time that their second daughter was born, the Dominican Dictator, Rafael Trujillo, pretended to reform his government. He invited dissenters back to participate in the political process and promised that he himself would not run in the next election. The couple returned with their two daughters. Consequently, Julia Alvarez spent ten years of her childhood in the Dominican Republic under the repressive regime."

Tags:Trujillo, dictatorship, Castro, reform

Abstract
This paper presents an original "elder tale" and than analyzes the tale. The author highlights the importance of solitude in the 'elder' stage of life and the symbolism of butterflies in the 'fairy tale' at the beginning of the paper. The paper deals with the Jungian archetype of the Hermit, an important facet of elders' lives and their perception in culture. 8 pgs.

Abstract
The paper discusses figures of sight and blindness used in the play "M Butterfly" examining Gallimard and Song's relationship in the greatest detail. A look at the Western depiction of Eastern women.

From the paper:

"David Henry Hwang uses figures of seeing and not-seeing to depict the relationship between the East and the West in his play M. Butterfly, an inversion of Puccini's opera Madame Butterfly. Gallimard can turn a blind eye to the fact that Song is a man in disguise because of his deeply-ingrained, stereotypically Western fantasy of Eastern women as submissive, fragile "Madame Butterflies." Gallimard is so enamored of the Madame Butterfly fantasy that he cannot see past it, and he is blinded to the obvious fact that his "Butterfly" is a far cry from the original."

Tags:butterfly, colonial, cultural, david, east, english, henry, hwang, multi, play, post, studies, west

Abstract
This paper describes the Monarch Butterfly in great detail, such as why does it have the bright colors and what do they mean? It states that the life of a Monarch Butterfly is quite complicated. The Monarch Butterfly is watched closely to prevent it from being extinct.

Table of Contents
Butterflies are Invertebrates
The Monarch Danaus Plexippus
The Life Cycle of a Monarch
Lincoln Brower and the Monarch Butterfly
Brad Darrach and the Monarch Butterfly
The Monarch Butterfly Will It Be an Endangered Species?
The El Rosario Monarch Reserve
More Monarch Butterflies Killed and Solutions

From the Paper
"The butterfly comes from the Lepidoptera, which is a Greek word meaning that the wings are covered in scales. Butterflies have compound eyes on either side of the head. The eyes are and made up of thousands of lensed-eyes called "ommatidia". They are not able to see fine detail, but are able to detach if they have a predator."

Tags:danaus, plexippus, canada, mexico, invertebrates, segmentation, antennae, proboscis, eggs, milkweed, caterpillar, life, cycle, endangered, reserve, automobiles, pesticides, herbicides, fine

From the Paper
" Julia Alvarez, in her novel In the Time of the Butterflies, presents a fictionalized account of the lives and murders of three sisters who were in fact tortured and killed in 1960 in the Dominican Republic by the secret police of dictator Trujillo for their opposition to his tyranny. A fourth sister survived and her fictional spirit contributes to the telling of this enraging, heartbreaking, and finally inspiring story of tragedy and courage.

As Alvarez writes in the postscript to the novel, she and her own family were exiles from Trujillo's tyranny, leaving the country less than four months before the murder of the Mirabal sisters, known as Las Mariposas, or The Butterflies. In fact, the author's father was active in the underground resistance to Trujillo, along with the four sisters. Alvarez says that she.."

From the Paper
The story told in the novel In the Time of the Butterflies by Julia Alvarez is a true one, based on the Mirabal sisters, well-known in the Dominican republic for their heroic stand against the Trujillo regime and for what happened to them. Alvarez was born in the Dominican Republic, but she never knew the Mirabal sisters, as she explains in the postcript to her book where she notes that she and her family arrived in New York City in 1960 as exiles from their native land because of the Trujillo regime--her father had participated in an underground plot that was discovered by the country's secret police. Three of the four Mirabal sisters had been murdered some four months before that in what was deemed an "accident," though clearly it was not. Alvarez was a young girl at the time but could not get this story out of her mind, and she sought out more information..."

Abstract
This paper shows the sexual gender and stereotype roles in the play "M. Butterfly" by David Hwang.

Tags:david, hwang's, butterfly

Abstract
The popularity of Giacomo Puccini's 1904 opera Madama Butterfly has endured for nearly a century, despite both positive and negative views expressed by critics. This paper traces the evolution of Puccini's career in relation to this composition and describes the history, strengths, and weaknesses of the opera.

Tags:madama, butterfly