Abstract
This paper discusses the different approaches and focuses of American and Japanese businessmen during business negotiations. It particularly explores the emphasis the Japanese place upon fostering "harmony" in business dealings and how they perceive the business meeting between two sides as not a time for further negotiation, but as an opportunity for both sides to express their commitment to the deal brokered. It then discusses how these different focuses can affect business relations between the two parties.

From the Paper
"To close, the preceding several pages have outlined how it may be possible for an American firm to negotiate in good faith with a Japanese company, secure valued concessions - and, ultimately, lose the deal or the cherished business relationship. Quite simply, the Japanese view business meetings and business arrangements in a way that is markedly different from the way Americans view them, and any U.S. firm which places bottom-line considerations before the building of personal and professional relationships is setting itself up for failure."

Tags:relationship, negotiations, professional

Abstract
The paper describes how the four businessmen profiled in "The Tycoons"; John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Jay Gould and
J.P. Morgan, manipulated the stock market, drove up the price of gold, drove small competitors out of business through stock and bond manipulation, and generally attempted to corner each of their industries for their own profit and power. The paper then shows how as a result of their actions, some of the national laws on commerce, trading, and industry were formulated that helped create a system of fair and free enterprise. The paper discusses the passing of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, the Robinson-Patman Act, the Securities Exchange Act and the Interstate Commerce Act.

Outline:
John D. Rockefeller
Andrew Carnegie
Jay Gould
J.P. Morgan

From the Paper
"John D. Rockefeller's name is synonymous with power and money, and his relatives still reside in New York today, and dabble in politics, as well. Rockefeller is also known as the chairman of Standard Oil, and the man who helped create mega "trusts" in America (unlike the trusts of today). These trusts ultimately led to the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 in an attempt to curtail the activities and mergers of corporations into giant corporations with enough power and size to shut down the nation's economy if they desired."

Tags:monopolies, corporations, cartels, trusts, stock, manipulation, free, enterprise

Abstract
This paper discusses how Alan Greenspan, Jim Clark, and John Meriwether possess abilities unfathomable to normal men ,and even men in their respective fields in both the public and private sectors. Alan Greenspan is chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Jim Clark is the founder of Silicon Graphics, Netscape, and what is now Heatheon/WebMD, and John Meriwether is the founder of Long Term Capital Management. It looks at how their power and positions reflect their ability to lead and control and how their capability to manipulate and manage their workers or co-workers allowed for them to be able to shift the focus to their personal agendas. It shows how, by installing senses of family and loyalty in their work force, all these men gained the respect of those around them. By being the leaders that they are, they are able to forever change the world we live in.

From the Paper
"Jim Clark was a leader like Greenspan in the sense he was able to get people to do what he wanted, but Clark led through innovation and excitement where as Greenspan lead through knowledge and leverage. Among current day business figures, few inspire more devotion and dedication from their followers than Clark. All he has to do is announce a new idea and the talent, as well as the money arrives immediately. Jim Clark, founder of Silicon Graphics, Netscape and what is now Heatheon/WebMD, has an ability to express groundbreaking ideas in a way that attracts both start-up capital and technical expertise. Yet the actual execution of these "New New" ideas, the routine tasks of creating a company, getting and paying employees, etc. have generally been left to others."

Tags:economy, federal, reserve, netscape, silicon, capital, management

Abstract
This paper evaluates different factors to consider when engaging in business deals in Kuwait and how to integrate these factors into businesses to ensure smooth business operations. The paper discusses issues related to communication, different religions and how the Muslim Sharia law impacts businesses. It also looks at the importance of corporate social responsibility and the 'dos' and 'don'ts' of business deals in Kuwait.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Kuwait's Business Culture
Communication
Christianity
Judaism
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism
Confucianism and Shinto
Ethics
Corruption
Values and Attitudes

From the Paper
"It is very crucial for businesses and business people to carry out research about international business culture, especially about the cultures of specific countries in which one wants to conduct business deals in. This is because there are various factors that determine how business should be carried out in different countries; the way that one carries out business in one's home country is different from the way one carries out business in others. One should be aware of all the do's and don'ts; business etiquettes such as language, dress code, behavior and gestures that mean one thing in one country may mean the opposite in another country."

Tags:language, religion, code, behavior

From the Paper
"THE RISE AND FALL OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN NEW YORK

Introduction
The intent in this paper is to provide an overview of the rise and fall of interest in affordable housing in New York City during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Primarily, this will be viewed through the lens of the businessperson, or real estate investor, although other perspective will be mentioned. The problems inherent in creating and maintaining affordable housing in a major metropolitan area are exemplified by this case study.

Background
In looking at the history of the creation of affordable ..."

Abstract
This paper explains how the film shows members of a jury interact and make decisions, which would be true for juries in business cases as well as criminal cases. The film also portrays some of the social forces that affect the way businessmen operate and direct their businesses. One social topic discussed is how many of the jurors are businessmen who show their own prejudices against certain minority groups and poor people, attitudes which would affect how they hired, how they marketed, and how they conducted business at all levels.

From the Paper
"The characters are not given names but only numbers, their juror numbers, but they are individualized by their attitudes, their approach to the task at hand, and their prejudices as brought out during their discussions with one another. The film tells of one particular jury deliberating a murder case in which a young man from the slums is accused of stabbing his father to death. Juror Eight is the only one who votes not guilty because he has some reasonable doubts, while the other eleven jurors want to convict and go home. Deliberations continue as the eleven try to convince the one. The fact that the one is holding out forces the jurors to discuss the issues and to analyze the case more deeply than they were inclined to do so in the first place. Ultimately, Eight changes the minds of everyone, even the final holdout, Number Three, and the jury votes "Not Guilty." "

Tags:jury, juror, guilty, verdict, interaction

Abstract
This paper details the life of one of the most influential businessmen in U.S. history, Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie's legacy includes many philanthropic endowments which set the tone for his day, but he is also remembered as being one of the greatest robber barons of his day who controlled the giant steel industry. According to this author, Carnegie was an complex individual, who vocally supported unions in public, but in private did everything in his power to stem their power in his many different factories. It is ironic that, in the late 1800s, the first union in America was formed in one of Carnegie's plants and his actions would lead to one of the most violent strikes in history. The resolution of this strike was the reason the introduction of government regulations involving collective bargaining arrangements in labor disputes that still exist today. The author cites several examples where Carnegie's actions did not match his deeds and only served to fuel the fires of discontent among the union members. The author also discusses how despite the fact that many businessmen, like Carnegie supported the concept of monopolies, by the beginning of the twentieth century, things had begun to change.

According to this author, the unions were drawing attention to the worker's needs and rights and as a result, the government began to develop new regulations for businesses which lead to the eventual demise of monopolies. The author concludes with several comments about how Carnegie eventually came to publicly acknowledge that the labor unions and shared wealth were a better option for the country.

From the Paper
"Carnegie had created his business empire upon the simple concept that a monopoly is, for the monopolist, the most efficient way to do business. Without competition, the owner can create the most efficient production and delivery system he can without wasting time and money negotiating and competing with others. This was the precept of Carnegie and those like him, the nation is better off with monopolies. But, the workers, the masses of thousands and millions who filled the factories and mined the ore, who broke their backs and their families for virtually no money, these were the people who brought the reality of the monopoly to the attention of the government. It was the union, and its ability to bring a large voice in the form of unification that could speak as loud as that of the one person at the head of the company. Unions, then, brought about an equalization."

Tags:monopolies, robber, baron, unionization

Abstract
The paper shows that in the wake of recent dishonest practices by Enron, WorldCom, Global Crossing, Xerox, Qwest, Arthur Andersen and Merck, many people are asking how businessmen, believed to be so well educated and leaders in corporate America, lacked the moral courage to seek and state the truth. It shows how business ethics has been thrown to the side as a wild-wild-west form of capitalism has taken hold on America's corporate leaders. This corporate malfeasance has cost thousands of jobs, trillions of dollars in stockholder value, and a skepticism of our once revered free economic system. This paper shows show why a lack of business ethics is such a far-reaching problem in our society and suggests reforms in the business school curriculum to help instill responsibility and accountability in our business leaders. It also shows how consumer education classes would help protect individuals from becoming victims of corporate greed.

From the Paper
"Everywhere we look corporate America is bombarding us with advertising in the hopes of creating demand for their relatively unneeded products. Britney Spears dancing around selling Pepsi, the Dell Computers "Dude you're getting a Dell" guy, and the billboards for SKYY vodka with images of sexy supermodels are used to create desires for individuals to increase their spending and sink further into debt. One of the underlying problems that corporations have had is that even if they bombard us with sexual images that sell products is that our demand can only be as big as our pocket books. Corporate America then came up with the idea of credit cards, which eased the liquidity problems. An article entitled "Corporate Power and the Evolution of Consumer Credit" appearing in the December 2000 issue of The Journal of Economic Issues, John Watkins, professor of Economics at Westminster College, describes how corporate power has perpetuated the debt crisis in America."

Tags:CEO, Greed, Citigroup, finances, Personal, Money, Management

Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of September 11 tragedy on the economic conditions of the United States. The author examines how the economy, which had showed a dismal performance for three consecutive quarters before September, completely collapsed when the disaster struck as consumer spending decreased with lower purchasing power, investment and borrowing declined, all industries reported lower profits and there was an alarming increase in unemployment. The paper also briefly discusses the condition of the airline industry after the tragic events of 9/11.

From the paper:

"The United States economy had already been predicted to go into recession when the tragedy of September 11 struck and accelerated the downward spiral of economic conditions of our country. . The economy crumpled as many industries in the country were hit harshly by the attacks and the slow down finally took shape of recession. After three quarters of poor GDP growth, it was almost certain that the economy was heading towards recession but September 11th attacks only accelerated the negative process. The government has been unable to generate enough Consumer-spending despite several announcements of tax cuts, which are aimed at giving people more purchasing power. Money supply and demand in the market is insufficient to tempt businessmen to increase production."

Tags:consumer, cuts, federal, investment, low, recession, reserve, spending, tax, unemploymnet

Abstract
This paper focuses on the character of Wily Loman and finds out how the man fits the description of a tragic hero as given by Aristotle in his book, 'Poetics.' Willy Loman is the leading character of Arthur Miller's play titled "Death of a Salesman" which appeared in 1949. The author of this paper feels that Willy Loman is unable to distinguish between reality and illusion. Using examples from the play, the author shows how Loman feels that he and his son are successful businessmen but in reality he is a weak fellow who is incapable of turning his dreams into reality.

From the Paper
"Aristotle also clearly said that a tragic hero was not someone who brought misfortune upon himself through some accident. For example while Brutus was a tragic hero, Julius Caeser himself cannot be categorized as one because the latter as killed by those whom he had trusted while the former ruins himself because of a series of errors. Therefore it is clear that a tragic hero is the one who commits series of mistakes and therefore ultimately ruins himself and meets a tragic end. Willy Loman too did not become suicidal all of a sudden, he committed grave errors form time to time because he failed to acknowledge the importance of hard work and thus finally met a tragic death which was more a result of living in an imagery world than anything else."

Tags:play, hero, tragic, grace, personality, flaws, disturbed, mentally, fear, pity, flaw, definition