Abstract This paper explains that the methods that major U.S. corporations target minoritygroups and the poor pollute areas that are impoverished and vulnerable. The author explore and evaluates legal measures to curb environmental injustice.
From the Paper "Advocates for environmental justice endeavor to stem a tide of environmental inequities that appear to disproportionately burden minority populations by exposing them to harmful pollution. According to conventional wisdom, the culprits in these cases of environmental ..."
Abstract This paper discusses "The Minority, Women and Disadvantaged BusinessEnterprise" (MWBDE) set up to assist minoritygroups to achieve success in business through public policy. The paper finds that, although the program has been successful in general in some cases, the public policy has conflicted with other local government regulations. The paper relates that women in particular often found that they were being ignored by governmental and business entities.
Outline:
Evaluation of Public Policy Issue
Affect on Stakeholders
Public Policy Utilization
Evaluation of Competing Interest
From the Paper "In general the MWBDE public policy was created to benefit the entire community, to include minorities, women and disadvantaged business owners, through their interactions with government and the larger established businesses in the community. The core of the policy provides a means of positively impacting consumers, business owners and the government through business exchanges that ensure growth. However, Langbein and Wilson (1994) contend that these intended benefits have not always been realized because of added local regulations that affect MWBDE groups.
"Langbein and Wilson (1994) discuss the fact that the MWBDE public policy often impacts business owners through local government regulations, which are intended to benefit these entities (p. 259). Langbein and Wilson (1994) state that in many cases the location of a business will determine the costs of the items being sold, the type of items sold and the public sectors that the business may serve. This is because the local government, through zoning laws and taxing determines the standards for business operation in different locales. For example, within public airports the government may implement regulations in which the business is allowed to only sell certain items and these items mist be priced competitively against the prices within other regional airports (Langbein & Wilson, 1994, p. 259). Additionally, local governments generally place airport taxes on these items that are beyond the normal taxation limits found n the surrounding community (p. 259). These taxes are then collected by the government and used for local community need, such as the operation of the local government, roads and schools. The policies do not change in relation to these types of businesses because the local government begins to depend on the income that they produce for the government and alteration of these regulations would mean restructuring of funding or the loss of continuing programs."
Abstract This paper discusses the minority, women and disadvantaged businessenterprise (MWDBE) in the State of North Carolina, which is focused on by the Historically Underutilized Business (HUB) office. The paper describes the goal for the state in terms of MWDBE and the objectives of the policy. The paper then looks at the pros of the public policy related to minority, women and disadvantaged businesses and how the policy can be successfully implemented.
From the Paper "This can be accomplished through dedicated workers that strive to achieve organizational goals and that have the training and skills to ensure that the public policy is beneficial to all stakeholders in Charlotte. The Partnership for Public Service of the United States believes that this is possible when the right people are recruited, who believe that the issues associated with the community are essential to the well being of all people ("Welcome", n.d.). Yet, in order to attract the right people to accomplish this task the organization must be capable of providing a working environment that supports the desire to successfully serve the public."
Abstract This paper examines the concept of racial profiling, using race to profile criminals and how African-Americans and other minoritygroups have been unfairly targeted by law enforcement officials. It looks at how racial profiling taps into one of the irreconcilable conflicts of American society, liberty versus security, although with racial profiling, it has been shown that crime has been significantly reduced in major cities, such as New York City. It shows how ultimately, racial profiling has created a gulf between law enforcement and the minority communities it purports to protect and how all too frequently, innocent people are persecuted. In other situations, people from the minority community refuse to testify on behalf of law enforcement in trials against criminals because of the minority people's distrust of law enforcement.
From the Paper "Against incriminating statistics that police unfairly target minorities is the reality that most of the criminals come from minority neighborhoods and communities. One of the statistics cited by the liberals is the 1998 statistic stating that 83 percent of the 27,000 "stop and frisk" incidents by a special police unit concerned minorities. However, according to New York mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani, this statistic does not translate into the fact that policemen are deliberately harassing individuals from minority neighborhoods. Instead, these statistics reflect the reality that many suspects, whose ethnicities are described by their victims, come from minority communities (Getlin). According to national figures, blacks comprise 13 percent of the American population, but over 40 percent of the arrests for rape and car theft (Puddington 5)."
Tags: law, enforcement, african-americans, minority, groups
Abstract This article explores the question of minority-student performance in American public schools. The writer discusses this issue from two sociological perspectives. Conflict theory and symbolic interactionist theory are used in this paper to examine this matter. The writer outlines a hypothesis that each theory would suggest and also looks at how that hypothesis might be tested.
From the Paper "Much evidence indicates that the performance of minority students in American public schools is not distributed randomly, that is that membership in a minority group tends to correlate to school performance. Members of some minority groups show significantly greater academic success on average than whites or the student population as a whole. Members of other minority groups are significantly more likely to struggle in school. There is no evidence that members of any human population have inherently greater or ... "
Abstract The paper discusses how the representation of minoritygroups is better insured in district elections, because there is a greater chance for the options of the minoritygroups to be materialized. The paper shows how despite the increased efforts to create an equal society and to offer minoritygroups similar treatment, it is still a matter of debate whether power holders can succeed in combining majority and minority interests. The paper explains how minoritygroups have always represented a sensitive issue for every social policy, regardless of the historical background. Yet, the paper contends that it is important for minoritygroups to take part and get involved in political life as it is the only way through which a democratic society will acknowledge the merits of any individual or group.
From the Paper "The government is, first and foremost considered to be the supreme executive authority in the state. However, at the same time it can be perceived as the source of all federal, state, local and district decisions. Therefore, the impact and role it plays in the life of a minority group or in an individual's political representation can be the outcome of both perspectives"
"The Government, through its influence over the state authorities is able to play a role in the life of a politician who represents the interests of a minority group. This can be perceived from the very beginning of the electoral participation."
Abstract This paper reviews the recent research on the TREC Enterprise Track, showing that the Enterprise Track includes research into ways of developing enterprise track searching, a means of providing data to a user who is searching the data of an organization to complete some task. Such a track is usually an internal search for data gathered and stored by the given enterprise, be that a business, a university, a government project, or any type of research project or businessenterprise that gathers data. The paper further discusses how other users in the same organization can make use of this data for other purposes, for developing trends, for making predictions, and for many other tasks, and an enterprise search enables these users to find what they want in a useful form.
Abstract This paper explores how children with gender dysphoria, who will, as adolescents and adults, form what is known as the sexual minoritygroup, represent a particularly needy segment of the minority population. It explains that, unlike many other minorities, this one is partly defined by problems with the developmental process. It argues that, in itself, this might not be such a problem if the surrounding society did not heap additional baggage upon the young, who are just beginning to express themselves and their place within this minoritygroup.
From the Paper "One might originally think it odd to approach a question about the experienced childhood development of minorities by opening a discussion of the children who will grow to be sexual and gender-identity minorities. Unlike most other minorities, these children are not generally being raised in a minority culture and family, and do not have the immediate support of their own race or culture about them to help prepare them for life as a minority. So in some ways, this is actually the ideal place to start such a discussion, because in this area one has unmitigated access to the experience of being a minority on the child's development, without the sheltering environment that surrounds other minorities. These children will, a majority of the time, emerge from the crucible of childhood as homosexual or possibly bisexual adults. A few more will go on to actually have their gender physically altered. (Ceglie) Gender Dysphoric children experience many of the developmental difficulties of other minorities, in addition to (obviously) specific developmental problems regarding gender roles and body image, they also experience setbacks in other areas: attachment and social development, aggression and victimization, unique problems with their parents, and general social dysfunctions."
Abstract The history of the police force is interesting and varied. In particular, it looks at how the paradigms associated with the force, as well as factors of social development and diversity, have made it a particularly difficult field for minoritygroups such as women, African-Americans, and Hispanics to find and maintain careers. It explores how, over the years, law enforcement agencies have discriminated against racial minorities in the same way as against women and looks at the challenges posed by the 21st century.
Outline
Historical Use of Minorities in the Police Force
Challenges of MinorityGroups on the Force
Work Performance
Meeting the Challenge
From the Paper "The greatest challenge faced by women, African Americans and Hispanics joining the police force is the attitude of white male officers towards them. Women for example are seen as weak and somewhat inadequate to handle many of the duties required of an officer. This is then one of the reasons why these groups are somewhat reluctant to apply for jobs on the police force. Some women for example may believe that police work is indeed mostly physical, and that a woman would indeed fail to measure up to the requirements. More realistically perhaps, others may feel that the limited promotion and recruitment opportunities offered to women are an obstacle that they are not willing to attempt to overcome."
This paper is an extensive narrative about multicultural counseling training and application as well as descriptive information about major minoritygroups.
Abstract This paper explains that as a multicultural society, the United States is composed of many micro societies, which do not necessarily blend into a single macro society; therefore counselors working with minority cultures must understand each minority society and challenge themselves to be creative and dynamic in providing sensitive and effective counseling to these individuals. The author points out that multicultural counseling should encompass personalization as well as group identification to serve the population with well rounded and effective counseling. The paper relates that in addition to the typical ethnic categories such as African-American, American Indian or Haitians, other minoritygroups and cultures include sexual minorities, women, the elderly and the disabled.
From the Paper "Like African-Americans, American Indians and Alaskan Natives suffered injudicious and atrocities at the hands of White Imperial Europeans. In the writings of Matthiessen (1984), the author weaves a tragic story of many American Indians who not only lost land but also gaming grounds and spiritual traditions associated with certain locations or animals. Yet through it all, Matthiessen (1984) captures the sadness the American Indian has for the white man who is half-blind and could gain much so much from all traditional peoples. In an example of the disregard for Indian culture, the US government moved Navajo Indians into a region revered by the Hopi Indian. The Navajo, having no connection to the Black Mesa region and pressured to stem statistics of infant mortality and poverty of their people, began mining the area to create jobs and income. The side effects of this mining included deep changes in these Indians' regret for the destruction of the land and a new unattractive interest in money."
Abstract This paper uses Alcoholism Anonymous (AA) as an example to explore group techniques in operation. It examines how it is one of the 12-step programs that has become popular for dealing with addictions and other human problems and how there are currently AA meetings in all large cities and in many small towns. Through a combination of personal observations and a literature review, it analyzes the social and group dynamics that make the program so successful.
Outline
Introduction
Personal Observation
Group Dynamics
MinorityGroups Theory in Psychotherapy
From the Paper "Studies have shown, however, that there is widespread acceptance of, and belief in, AA in minority communities. For example, Caetano (1993) looked at both Hispanic and African-American communities, noting that large majorities of his subjects favored AA affiliation for substance abuse problems. However, Caetano also noted that prevalence estimates varied widely on the extent to which Hispanic clients or African-American clients would actually choose attendance at AA to deal with their substance abuse problems. Caetano indicated that Hispanics were actually more likely than either European-American or African-Americans to choose AA for dealing with their problems. In the AA membership survey itself, in 1996, membership was predominantly white, with only 4 percent of members identified as Hispanic and 5 percent identified as African-American (Alcoholics Anonymous, 1997)."
Abstract "Counseling American Minorities" (2003) by Donald Atkinson offers potentially useful information for current and future counseling practitioners, about culturally aware and sensitive approaches to counseling minoritygroup members currently living in the United States.
This paper reviews the book and argues that Atkinson effectively explores the complex therapeutic implications of working with culturally diverse clients.
From the Paper "The first chapter also points out that although "minorities" are frequently regarded, especially by European-descended Caucasian Americans (still the large majority of counselors in America today), as somehow one large amalgamated block, of people "different from ourselves", the four minority groups discussed within the book are extremely distinct from one another: in values; beliefs; assumptions; attitudes; historical backgrounds, encounters with particular kinds of prejudices, and real life experiences."
Abstract This document discusses China's current economic success and expansion from the perspective of its historical continuity and identity. The writer contends that the early consolidation of China under the Emperor Huangdi is the initial shift that provides the foundation for the national and cultural consistency that supports businessenterprise in the market. Additionally, the writer discusses that structural economic and social reforms instituted under Deng Xiaoping are utilized as part of this evolutionary development that allows China to effectively leverage its labor force as a competitive advantage to dominate manufacturing and trade. The writer concludes that China's historical past relevant to its unification ensured that it would develop the strong national identity required to support a market economy that could leverage its workforce to gain competitive advantage.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction & Aim
Historical Foundations
Reform Era
Current Economic Growth
Conclusion
From the Paper " This research project examines the current economic and professional success both at a national levels as well as a global level within the context of its historical past and its evolutionary development as a nation. It is argued that China's early unification under a single Emperor during the 3rd century B.C. laid the foundation for national and cultural unity which provides much of the necessary social continuity for the country's current economic success. Additionally, the reforms implemented by Deng Xiaoping are seen as the requisite structural changes which China needed to institute if it were going to successfully navigate the global economy and integrate itself within the international trade framework. Finally, the economic expansion that China is currently experiencing is touched upon as a result of these historical and structural advancements and the social factors of Chinese society are as a key component of Chinese enterprise now and in the future."
Abstract This essay focuses on media, immigration and minoritygroups in Canada. The essay analyzes five articles that look at media bias against immigrants to Canada. The paper argues that the media portrays the immigrants as people who are only good as labourers and not as Canadian citizens.
From the Paper "Miscasting Immigrants and Minorities in Canada Canada is supposed to have a multicultural society in which immigrants are welcome and minorities are accepted. For example, in The Regional Geography of Canada Robert M. Bone states, "Canada is a multicultural society with more than 200 ethnic groups recorded in the 2001 census" (Bone 155). However, there is ample evidence that the media, various levels of government and Canadian society as a whole do not really believe in multiculturalism."
Abstract This paper examines the different methods and strategies that minorities in Canada have utilized to advance their interests within the union movement, and what other actions they could take to further their cause.
From the Paper "It has not always been easy for minorities to pursue their goals via the labour movement. Until the early decades of the 20th century, Aboriginal, Black and Asian workers were not even allowed to join unions. As a result, they formed their own unions to further their interests. An example was the Order of Sleeping Car Porters - comprising black people working on the railways. Later, when they were allowed to join the mainstream unions, these unions disbanded. However, since the 1980s, minorities have been organizing separate groups within the union movement to focus on their own specific needs. This movement reflects the concept of separation, as opposed to integration - it is argued that when a group suffers particular hardships or prejudices, it should have to right to separate and focus on combating these prejudices. This can be easier than attempting to persuade the mainstream unions to focus on these minority issues. This concept was established by the women's movement, so that it was less controversial when minorities embraced it within the labour movement (Labour Studies 332 Study Guide). However, it should also be borne in mind that there is streght in solidarity - as will be discussed further below."
