Abstract
The case of PepsiCo's investment in Burma represents a particularly profitable subject for ethical case analysis given that the process which led to the resolution of the problem was not clear and orderly, but was rather one of fits and starts, with very human hesitations and compromises, before a final outcome was agreed upon. The moral issue facing PepsiCo was whether or not to divest its interests in Burma. PepsiCo had three alternative actions: to do nothing and retain its interests in Burma; to publicly sell its interests while covertly maintaining a financial interest in Burma; to completely sell its interests in Burma. PepsiCo attempted to take all three routes.

Tags:pepsi, burma

Abstract
This paper examines how the series of military regimes that has ruled Burma since 1962 has devastated its economy, stifled dissent, repressed its people and killed many, and isolated the country from the rest of the free world. It looks at how the persisting repressive regime in Burma has been a long nightmare for its people and a difficult target of intervention for the international community. Through a literature review, it attempts to explore how Burma's ethnic minorities have fought to form their own separate states, as well as the social factors behind the deterioration of its economy. It also examines how international bodies, such as the United Nations and the European Union, have reacted to the political, economic, and social conditions in Burma.

From the Paper
"Having gained its independence from Great Britain after 62 colonial years in 1948, Burma enjoyed only a democracy for 14 years when a military coup cut it short in 1988 and plunged the country into a repressive regime. Ethnic minorities have been restive and, despite losing the multiparty elections in 1990 to the National League for Democracy or NLD, the military junta refused to give power up, placed the winning candidate under house arrest and frustrated attempts by local and international forces to restore democracy to the country. As a result, Burma's population has been suppressed and isolated, dissent has been crushed and its economy in utter distress."

Tags:un, nld, ethnic, minorities, india

Abstract
Four part assignment regarding Myanmar in Chinese relations. Includes introduction of sources; comparison with FBIS reports of the present; possible Chinese policy indications. Issues: strategic area, arms sales, war on drugs, triangulation and Chinese expansion of influence.

From the Paper
"Burma
Area, Geography, and Climate
Burma, known as The Union of Myanmar lies in the northwest region of southeast Asia, between the Tibetan plateau and the Malay peninsula. The country is bordered by Bangladesh and India to the northwest, by the People's Republic of China and Laos to the northeast, and by Thailand to the southeast (Myanmar, 1993, p. 2012). The climate is tropical, with an average temperature of 80 degrees fahrenheit. There is great mineral wealth, an abundance of forests and fish, and fertile agriculture conditions (Burma, 1993, p. 20). Since the United States has not officially recognized the change of names from Burma to Myanmar, the name Burma will be used in this research.


Population..."

Abstract
This paper examines the history of resistance to British colonization by the Burmese people throughout the history of the British rule. The effects of British education and westernization, as well as the encouragement by the British to sustain ethnic and religious unrest in Burma, are two of the factors discussed in this paper.

From the Paper
"Burmese Colonialism and Resistance Introduction The small country of Burma, or Myanmar, as it has been called by its current dictatorship since 1988, in Southeast Asia, is wedged between India and China, and also borders Laos, Thailand and Bangladesh. It has been a country of political unrest since the very early days of colonization in the region, and its military history goes back at least to the first century BC (Woodman 11). In 1824 Burmese military expansion caused conflict with British interests in India, and a two year war initiated a century of colonization and conflict with Britain that only ended in 1947 (Liang, and Scalapino 3)."

Tags:burma, britain, colonialism

Abstract
This essay examines Ma Thanegi accusation against Aung San Suu Kyi that the latter is being too idealistic in her struggle for establishing democracy in Burma. The paper argues that it is unreasonable for Ma Thanegi to ask Suu Kyi to compromise on her ideals on her way to practical solutions. The paper makes this case by presenting the historical context, explaining Burma's problematic position in the British Raj, and how the modernization reforms by the British were carried out late and in a half-hearted manner. The paper also highlights the conflicting pressures from the West: on the one hand the market forces that keep the military junta in control, and on the other hand the heroizing of Suu Kyi. As the paper suggests, Ma Thanegi can demand for a more realistic leadership in the struggle for democracy, but she cannot demand that Suu Kyi provide it.

From the Paper
"We come to a better appreciation of why Burma requires the courage of Suu Kyi after looking into the historical context of its existence. The region was indeed the neglected corner of the British Raj. The 200 years that the British ruled the subcontinent led to enormous upheavals in political institutions, which were relevant not only to India but also to Britain and the West. Bernard Cohn has convincingly argued the case that the modern institutions that allow for democracy were largely built up through the effort of the British in managing its colonies (1996, p. 3). Vital institutions like the civil service and the nationalised health service had begun as experiments in India before their introduction in the West. When India acquired independence in the 20th century it immediately inherited these seminal institutions, which facilitated its transformation into a modern democratic nation. The same applies to Burma, but with the crucial difference that the British involvement was limited. "

Tags:Democracy, Myanmar, Nobel, Prize

Abstract
This research paper compares and contrasts three pre-independence nationalist leaders, Jose Rizal (Rizal) and Emilio Aguinaldo (Aguinaldo) of the Philippines and Aung San of Burma. Each of these leaders made significant contributions in promoting among his people a common sense of nationhood and in leading them in their struggle for national independence and toward more modern, democratic and integrated societies. The paper presents each leader and their achievements separately and then concludes that they all had similar qualities which led to their success.

From the Paper
"All three leaders faced formidable obstacles and experienced significant failures. Rizal was executed by the Spanish. The Americans exploited Aguinaldo's successes for their own colonial purposes causing him to lose control of the revolutionary coalition he led. Aung San was assassinated on the eve of independence following which Burma has endured a nightmarish and prolonged period of military despotism, economic decline and ethnic fissures, which he might have helped avoid."

Tags:democracy, independence, leadership, nation, revolution, asia, challenge

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of globalization on Burmese culture, contrasted against the impact of globalization in the United States. The paper begins with an introduction to Burmese history. This is followed by an overview of Burmese and American cultures, giving an analysis of the effects of globalization life in Myanmar. These include the effects on the economy, child labor, the status of women, and labor standards. The impacts of globalization are also weighed against the influence of the military junta's isolationalist rule. The paper concludes by pointing out that globalization is necessary so that Myanmar can overcome the military dictatorship that currently rules the nation.

Outline:
Introduction
Historical Overview of Burmese Culture, History and Traditions
Historical Overview of American Culture, History and Traditions
Effects of Globalization on Burmese Culture
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Burmese history begins with the migration of the Mon people from Central Asia, bringing with them Buddhism and a Mon-Khmer language. A golden age eventually emerged, with the building of thousands of temples and flourishing arts. Kublai Khan conquered the country, and other kingdoms were founded in the area. The first Europeans in Burma were the Portuguese, and one of them eventually took over, ruling for 13 years before a Burmese revolt removed him. Soon thereafter, Burma fell into the English sphere of influence, where it remained except for a short spell during World War Two. Independence was granted in 1947, but the country never established strong leadership until eventually General Ne Win seized power in 1962. "

Tags:Burma, globalization, dictatorship, junta

Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that since 1988, the people of Myanmar have suffered under the leadership of a repressive military junta. The writer notes that current conditions in Myanmar not only force residents to live in fear, but also have brought about economic sanctions and reductions in foreign investment that have hurt the population's standard of living. Further the writer maintains that the situation in Myanmar has received global attention, but that bringing political and human rights reforms to this rogue nation has proven difficult. The writer concludes that a stable, democratic Myanmar will be a better economic partner for China, Russia and Myanmar's neighbors. One can expect that these nations, individually and through global and regional organizations, will eventually press for stability and reform in Myanmar.

Outline:
Major Nations Undermine UN Efforts
Despite Strength, ASEAN Takes Weak Approach
Sanctions Can Work in Myanmar
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Regrettably, as long as China and Russia sit on the UN Security Council and as long as they have economic interests in Myanmar, it will be difficult for the UN to be a driving factor for change in Myanmar. The real hope is that China and Russia may one day realize that their current positions are somewhat short-sighted. After all, a more politically and economically stable Myanmar may prove to be a better economic partner. This is a logical philosophical leap that China and Russia may one day make, but, for now, it does not appear to be in the cards."

Tags:regime, human, rights, crisis

Abstract
The paper compares and contrasts the representations of colonial society in Lessing's "The Grass is Singing" and Orwell's "Burmese Days". The paper shows how although Orwell's novel takes place in Burma, and Lessing's in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, and they portray very different characters, they both paint a chilling picture of colonial society and its terrrible effects on natives living in these British colonies.

From the Paper
Orwell's novel opens with the description of a Burmese official, and paints a picture of a corrupt and vicious man, something that seems to be taken for granted in Burma, at least to the English. He writes, "As a magistrate his methods were simple. Even for the vastest bribe he would never sell the decision of a case, because he knew that a magistrate who gives wrong judgments is caught sooner or later. His practice, a much safer one, was to take bribes from both sides and then decide the case on strictly legal grounds" (Orwell, 6). Lessing's novel, on the other hand, opens with the murder of a white settler, and something about it is not quite right. Both the novels share a dim view of the natives, whom they subjugate and demean. Orwell continues, "His brain, though cunning, was quite barbaric, and it never worked except for some definite end; mere meditation was beyond him" (Orwell 8). Both authors clearly do not think much of the natives or their abilities, and Mary is especially cruel to her native servants, which may have prompted one to kill her.

Tags:natives, British, Rhodesia, Burma, exploitation, hatred