Abstract The case of PepsiCo's investment in Burma represents a particularly profitable subject for ethical case analysis given that the process which led to the resolution of the problem was not clear and orderly, but was rather one of fits and starts, with very human hesitations and compromises, before a final outcome was agreed upon. The moral issue facing PepsiCo was whether or not to divest its interests in Burma. PepsiCo had three alternative actions: to do nothing and retain its interests in Burma; to publicly sell its interests while covertly maintaining a financial interest in Burma; to completely sell its interests in Burma. PepsiCo attempted to take all three routes.
Abstract This paper examines how the series of military regimes that has ruled Burma since 1962 has devastated its economy, stifled dissent, repressed its people and killed many, and isolated the country from the rest of the free world. It looks at how the persisting repressive regime in Burma has been a long nightmare for its people and a difficult target of intervention for the international community. Through a literature review, it attempts to explore how Burma's ethnic minorities have fought to form their own separate states, as well as the social factors behind the deterioration of its economy. It also examines how international bodies, such as the United Nations and the European Union, have reacted to the political, economic, and social conditions in Burma.
From the Paper "Having gained its independence from Great Britain after 62 colonial years in 1948, Burma enjoyed only a democracy for 14 years when a military coup cut it short in 1988 and plunged the country into a repressive regime. Ethnic minorities have been restive and, despite losing the multiparty elections in 1990 to the National League for Democracy or NLD, the military junta refused to give power up, placed the winning candidate under house arrest and frustrated attempts by local and international forces to restore democracy to the country. As a result, Burma's population has been suppressed and isolated, dissent has been crushed and its economy in utter distress."
Abstract This paper examines the history of resistance to British colonization by the Burmese people throughout the history of the British rule. The effects of British education and westernization, as well as the encouragement by the British to sustain ethnic and religious unrest in Burma, are two of the factors discussed in this paper.
From the Paper "Burmese Colonialism and Resistance Introduction The small country of Burma, or Myanmar, as it has been called by its current dictatorship since 1988, in Southeast Asia, is wedged between India and China, and also borders Laos, Thailand and Bangladesh. It has been a country of political unrest since the very early days of colonization in the region, and its military history goes back at least to the first century BC (Woodman 11). In 1824 Burmese military expansion caused conflict with British interests in India, and a two year war initiated a century of colonization and conflict with Britain that only ended in 1947 (Liang, and Scalapino 3)."
Abstract This research paper compares and contrasts three pre-independence nationalist leaders, Jose Rizal (Rizal) and Emilio Aguinaldo (Aguinaldo) of the Philippines and Aung San of Burma. Each of these leaders made significant contributions in promoting among his people a common sense of nationhood and in leading them in their struggle for national independence and toward more modern, democratic and integrated societies. The paper presents each leader and their achievements separately and then concludes that they all had similar qualities which led to their success.
From the Paper "All three leaders faced formidable obstacles and experienced significant failures. Rizal was executed by the Spanish. The Americans exploited Aguinaldo's successes for their own colonial purposes causing him to lose control of the revolutionary coalition he led. Aung San was assassinated on the eve of independence following which Burma has endured a nightmarish and prolonged period of military despotism, economic decline and ethnic fissures, which he might have helped avoid."
Abstract This paper examines Aung San Suu Kyi's role in the political and democratic movements in Burma. It studies the political climate in Burma prior to Suu Kyi's arrival and details Suu Kyi's influence, particularly with regard to her work with the National League for Democracy (NLD). It evaluates the results of the NLD's efforts and looks at what remains to be done. In conclusion, it recommends courses of action that could be taken by Western nations in helping the cause of democracy in Burma.
Outline
Introduction
Post-Liberation Burmese History
Aung San Suu Kyi
Political Situation in Myanmar Today
Actions From the West
From the Paper "Aung San was born and spent her early years in Burma in 1945, before moving to India where her mother was appointed ambassador. She then attended Oxford University's St. Hugh's College, where she studied politics, economics and history. In 1972, she married Oxford scholar Michael Vaillancourt Aris, with whom she has two sons. Throughout the 1980s, Suu Kyi continued her scholastic career, working as a visiting scholar in institutions like Kyoto University's Center for Southeast Asian Studies and the Indian Institute for Advanced Studies in Simla (Pederson 26)."
Abstract This paper discusses how like everything else in life, the Internet has its darker side and how the developing countries experience it more than the developed countries. In particular, it examines how certain countries in Asia are dealing with theses negative impacts. The countries looked at are Malaysia, India and the Philippines and how they are dealing with the digital divide; Thailand, India and China and how they are dealing with exclusion by language; and Myanmar (Burma), Vietnam and Singapore and how they are dealing with cultural pollution.
Outline:
Abstract
Table of contents
Chapter one - Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Problem statement
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Relevance of the Research
1.6 Scope and Limitation
1.7 Research Methodology
Chapter two - Literature Review
2.1 Early History of the Internet: The First Twenty Years
2.2 The Internet and Developing Countries
2.2.1 Internet Statistics - Host Distribution and User Demography
2.2.2 Cost and Fees
2.3 Positive Impacts of the Internet on Developing Countries
2.3.1 Education and Research
2.3.2 Health
2.3.3 Job Transfer into the Third World
2.4 Negative Impacts of the Internet on Developing Countries
2.4.1 The Digital Divide
2.4.2 Exclusion by Language
2.4.3 Cultural Pollution
Chapter Three - Methodology
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Nature of the Research
3.1.2 Cost
3.1.3 Accessibility
3.2 Advantages of Library/Desk Research
3.3 Disadvantages of Library/Desk Research
3.1.3 Accessibility
3.2 Advantages of Library/Desk Research
3.3 Disadvantages of Library/Desk Research
Chapter Four - Findings
4.1 Dealing with the Digital Divide
4.1.1 Malaysia and the Multimedia Super Corridor
4.1.2 India and the Software Technology Parks
4.1.3 The Philippines and her Plan to Bridge the Digital Divide
4.2 Dealing with Exclusion by Language
4.2.1 Thailand
4.2.2 China
4.2.3 India
4.3 Dealing with Cultural Pollution
4.3.1 Myanmar (Burma)
4.3.2 Vietnam
4.3.3 Singapore
Chapter Five - Summary of Findings, Limitations of the Study, Suggestions for Further Research and Conclusions
Summary of findings
Limitations of the Study
Suggestions for Further Research
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "In the Philippines, it is a similar story as that of Malaysia and India, in that the government is involved in the attempt to bridge the digital divide. In 2001, Macapagal-Arroyo's administration proved that it was serious about using information and communications technology to eliminate poverty. The president allocated an entire chapter of her economic agenda to bridging the so-called digital divide (Calimag, 2001). The Socioeconomic Planning Secretary Dante Canlas said that in the medium term, the Philippines government was committed to address the digitally disenfranchised, that is those who do not have access to computers. The government, he said, would address the continuing disparities in access to high-quality technologies. He stressed that in order for the country to live up to its goal of becoming a software development center and e-services hub of Asia, it had to strive to give firms and households access to quality information in real time. "
Abstract As the title says, this essay is a very factual and informative summary of a large list of national statistics. It covers population, religion, trade, politics, labour force, transport and even which fish they catch. It covers some modern internal/external political history and international trade history. A very useful essay for anyone wishing to learn about India especially regarding trade.
From the Paper:
"Situated in the South East Asia bordering with the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, the country India is a country that is linked with Burma, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Belonging to one of the oldest civilizations the Indus Civilizations, its historical setting could be traced up to 5000 years. India has also been subject to a series of conquests like the invasion of Aryans, the Dutch, Portuguese, Turkish and Arabs.
They were also subjected to a series of political strife when the country was endeavoring for its independence in the 20th century. Today it has a federal republic government established on 15th August, the country has a President as the head of state, while the head of the government is the Prime Minister. The legal system is ruled by a cabinet of council of ministers who are appointed by the president at the recommendation of the Prime Minister."
Abstract This paper looks at the works of author, George Orwell. George Orwell's upbringing, and life history are detailed in order to give us a glimpse into the influences that he would draw upon when writing his books. Taking this into account, this paper looks at several of his writings, including his most famous works, "Animal Farm," and "1984," in order to show how his writings were indeed, deeply influenced by the world events and his life experiences.
From the Paper "His work was controversial at the time, but "Animal Farm" and "1984" have both become classics. They are studied in many literature classes. Some people think they are very negative and even "bleak," but they are social commentaries, and those aren't always positive books. Orwell's outlook may have been equally bleak to write these books, he doesn't seem to like society, or have any hope it will get better, which comes out in these books."
Tags: events, orwell, george, farm, animal, 1984, india, schooling, burma, war, conditions, poor, spain, movement, morocco, scotland, british, wwii, communism, totalitarianism, atomic, bombs, capitalism, bbc, spanish, civil, man, modern
Abstract "In the novel Burmese Days, George Orwell expresses a view of British imperialism that is critical and pessimistic. The era of British rule in India and related areas is called the raj, and it is this era that is addressed by Orwell in this novel. The main character is John Flory, and he represents what is known as the "pukka sahib," or the British resident who upholds British values and the British way of life to the degree possible in this far off area of upper Burma.
From the Paper "In the novel Burmese Days, George Orwell expresses a view of British imperialism that is critical and pessimistic. The era of British rule in India and related areas is called the raj, and it is this era that is addressed by Orwell in this novel. The main character is John Flory, and he represents what is known as the "pukka sahib," or the British resident who upholds British values and the British way of life to the degree possible in this far off area of upper Burma. Flory is deliberately contrasted with other British residents of the area, however, in that he has a real respect for the local culture and is not bigoted as are the others. The others stand for the more normal course of British imperialism, with the British lording it over a people for whom they have contempt. The strong pessimism of Orwell is seen in the way that Flory is marginalized by the British community ..."
From the Paper "Burma
Area, Geography, and Climate
Burma, known as The Union of Myanmar lies in the northwest region of southeast Asia, between the Tibetan plateau and the Malay peninsula. The country is bordered by Bangladesh and India to the northwest, by the People's Republic of China and Laos to the northeast, and by Thailand to the southeast (Myanmar, 1993, p. 2012). The climate is tropical, with an average temperature of 80 degrees fahrenheit. There is great mineral wealth, an abundance of forests and fish, and fertile agriculture conditions (Burma, 1993, p. 20). Since the United States has not officially recognized the change of names from Burma to Myanmar, the name Burma will be used in this research.
Abstract This essay attempts to show how much ASEAN's norms have undermined its ability to face the challenges posed by Myanmar membership in the Association and hence also reduce its ability to realize the stated objectives and expectations of the membership. This is even more interesting since there is a possibility that ASEAN, with its rhetoric of embracing Myanmar in order to "democratise" it, has actually perpetuated the repressive military junta. After all, the promotion of human rights and democracy has not been one of the Association's priority. To achieve this, political, economic and security expectations and real outcome are analyzed and compared.
Introduction
ASEAN's Expectation in Engaging Myanmar
Reality after Membership
Conclusion
From the Paper "Since 1998, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has finally become truly regional by including all ten states of the region in its membership. In 1992 it accepted Viet Nam’s application, and in 1997 Laos and Myanmar joined in. Cambodia had to wait another year for membership but was finally admitted. This has been one of the vision set by its founders since its establishment in 1967 although at that time the Association was more a subregional alliance to contain the internal and external threat of communism for like-minded, anti-imperialist, anti-communist regimes, and to some extent to balance Viet Nam’s power in the region."
Abstract The paper begins with a list of all the things the writer claims to know about military abuse of citizens, followed by a list of the things the writer wants to learn about the topics. This is followed by information which is intended to be a summary of recent military abuses of human rights rather than a reflection of historical importance. This research covers fifteen countries including Afghanistan, Burma, Cambodia, Chile, China, Cuba, Egypt, Guatemala, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Nepal, Russian Federation, Rwanda and the United States.
From the Paper "Herat's civilians, under the command of local governor, Ismail Khan, have been subjected to arbitrary and politically motivated arrests, intimidation, extortion, and torture. These civilians have also been denied their rights to free expression and association. The more serious cases of torture have involved hanging detainees upside down, whippings, and electric shocks. Members of the Pashtun minority have been the largest targets of abuse."
Abstract Four part assignment regarding Myanmar in Chinese relations. Includes introduction of sources; comparison with FBIS reports of the present; possible Chinese policy indications. Issues: strategic area, arms sales, war on drugs, triangulation and Chinese expansion of influence.
Abstract The paper focuses on the roles women in Argentina, Cuba, Chile, India, and Burma have been able to play in direct political and social change.
Abstract Discusses her struggle to bring democracy and human rights to Burma, how she became a prominent figure, her receipt of the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize, and her life and beliefs, including the leadership role of her parents.
From the Paper "When Aung San Suu Kyi received the Nobel Peace Prize in October, 1991, she was the first recipient to win it while under government detention; she was also only the eighth woman to receive the award. The Nobel Committee characterized her struggle for ..."
