Abstract
Published in 475 in Burgundy, the Burgundian Code associated German and Roman law and consequently advanced a number of other important aspects of private law, which ultimately altered the course of a number of other laws in Europe. This paper discusses the pervasive nature of a text and its ability to act upon social practices, codes and legislature by way of its dissemination. In the 6th century, Europe was constantly in an ongoing state of turmoil, and the great empires were imploding as political imbalances were correcting themselves all over the world. Romans and the Chinese left the site of their political power and retreated to their remote holdings, while the Franks, which were the inhabitants of the Gaul in Northwestern France, consequently expanded their own empire by occupying the very space that the Roman's had left behind following their retreat to the south

From the Paper
Joe Student Professor's Name Course Code March 12, 2009 The Burgundian Code: A Precursor to the Modern Conception of Law Published in 475 in Burgundy, the Burgundian Code associated German and Roman law and consequently advanced a number of other important aspects of private law, which ultimately altered the course of a number of other laws in Europe. This paper discusses the pervasive nature of a text and its ability to act upon social practices, codes and legislature by way of its

Tags:legislation, culture, burgundians

Abstract
This paper reviews the book "The Waning of the Middle Ages" by Johan Huizinga, which discusses music in the Middle Ages. The paper describes the book as impacting the overall knowledge of our history of medieval life and culture in Flanders, Burgundy, and France. The paper suggests that relying too heavily on Huizinga's criticisms of medieval music does a great disservice to the music of the 14th and 15th centuries.

From the Paper
"Many modern musicologists, in the spirit of Huizinga, have had trouble with the lack of song development and the repetitiveness of medieval songs. However, medieval music should not be listened to with prejudicial ears. Huizinger also criticized medieval culture in general, leading to an overly pessimistic vision of life in the 14th and 15th centuries in Europe. All aspects of courtly life, from its songs to its chivalric pageants, were moribund, stagnant, and overly stylized, according to Huizinga. Huizinga also wrote with hyperbole, exaggerating the contrasts inherent in medieval life without acknowledging the "extraordinary creative energy of Western musicians during the middle ages," (p. 149)."

Tags:development, polyphonic, chanson

Abstract
This paper reviews the competitive forces of the wine industry apparent in Washington State. According to this paper, Washington State is a major source of wine for the domestic and foreign markets, with wine regions that include six federally recognized American Viticultural Areas (AVAs). The paper also compares the area with that of the great French wine regions of Bordeaux and Burgundy.

From the Paper
"California gets more attention as a wine producer, but Washington State is also a major source of wine for the domestic and foreign markets. The Washington area offers several key elements that serve as competitive advantages for the Washington wine industry. First, Washington is located on approximately the same latitude as the great French wine regions of Bordeaux and Burgundy. Washington wine regions also include six federally recognized American Viticultural Areas (AVAs). These regions experience a variety of climates and soils, and combined with the long summer sunlight hours of northern latitudes, this fact creates prime growing regions, most of them found in the valleys and on the hillsides of areas east of the Cascade Mountains."

Tags:wine, production, washington

Abstract
This paper explains that, after Napoleon was commissioned as a second lieutenant and garrisoned at Valence in Burgundy, he developed the habit of voracious reading, which definitely affected all of his future endeavors; almost every subject was part of his reading, including law, political economy, geography, medicine, political science, the philosophies of Voltaire, and a great deal of history, especially ancient history with an emphasis on Alexander the Great. The author relates that, in October of 1795, as part of Comte de Barras's uprising in Paris against the Thermidorians, Napoleon so impressed Barras that Napoleon was named commander-in-chief of the Army of the Interior. The paper concludes that, having finished the Revolution, Bonaparte proclaimed himself emperor of France, an act that outraged most of Europe and infuriated Ludwig von Beethoven to the point that he tore up his 'Eroica symphony', which was written as a dedication to Napoleon.

From the Paper
"By 1793, Napoleon, caught in the midst of the revolution, was in Paris when Louis XVI was dethroned. As a result, he joined the government troops who were attempting to capture Toulon, where anti-Revolutionary factions had turned over the great naval base to the British and Spanish fleets. And at Toulon, Bonaparte the artillery officer "accomplished that which he had been trained for in 1784, for he demonstrated himself as a formidable officer, a budding tactician and a born strategist" (Markham, 167). In this atmosphere, Bonaparte placed his batteries in position to bombard both the port and the British fleet, but above all, it was Napoleon's forcefulness and energy that impressed his superiors, which had played an all-important part in the recapture of Toulon. At the age of twenty-four, Napoleon was soon promoted to brigadier general which seemed to indicate that his future would be bright and magnificent."

Tags:reading, thermidorians, commander, emperor, italy

Abstract
The paper discusses the many factors which led to the execution of Joan of Arc by the British after she succeeded in driving them out of France during the Hundred Year War. The paper shows that many believed that she succeeded by the will of God and the mysticism movement of the time is also examined. The paper also shows that the issues that led to her execution ultimately involved the church, politics, and her popularity as a possible martyr.

From the Paper
""The voice told me that it is God's will to deliver the people of France from the calamity that is upon them" (Trask 25). The voices are those of Saint Catharine and Saint Margaret. They counseled Joan of Arc during the end of Hundred Years War. The Hundred Year War consisted of many smaller battles that drove the English out of France (Lerner 381). It is believed by many that Joan of Arc drove the English out of France by the will of God. The Duke of Burgundy captured Joan and sold her to the English, who took her back to England, where she was tried by the church for witchcraft and heresy. Joan of Arc's death suggested that many issues contributed to her execution."

Tags:history, Saint, Catharine, Margaret, army, Charles, VII, Duke, of, Burgundy, medieval

Abstract
This paper studies the life and story of the 15th century Joan of Arc, one of the most famous Catholic saints. The paper begins with a description of the loving family and humble life Joan was born into. The paper next gives a detailed recounting of how Joan came to be a leader in military battles. The paper next turns to Joan's trial, at which she was condemned to death by burning at the stake. The paper concludes with a brief assessment of Joan of Arc's impact on history, mentioning that her conviction was overturned twenty-five years after her death.

From the Paper
"Though she was a mere peasant girl who only lived to be nineteen years old, Joan of Arc remains one of the most famous and beloved Catholic saints. Her story is one that is mysterious and inspirational though it ended tragically with her execution at the hands of English forces. To the astonishment of rulers throughout Europe, Joan led the resurgence of French forces at a time when an English victory was close to inevitable. She led the way for the coronation of Charles VII at thus decisively weakening the claims of the English favored Henry VI. Even though the English executed her the next year, they would never reverse the French military resurgence that she inspired. Though modern historians give her only minor credit for the actual victories, she the resurgence she inspired led to the end of the Hundred Years War with nearly a complete expulsion of the English from French soil in 1453. In this way, Joan of Arc remains an important historical figure."

Tags:French, English, military, saint, Christian, Catholic, Burgundi, execution, burned, at, stake