Abstract
This paper assesses the bureau-shaping model in terms of how it justifies the power held by senior officials. It is divided into two parts and looks at the position of senior civil servants in some west European countries, especially with regard to the power they wield over their department and minister or equivalent. The paper also explores the failings of the bureau-shaping model in explaining the power of senior civil servants, and tries to find alternative sources which may help us in this regard.

From the Paper
"In order to assess the extent of the power held by senior civil servants we need, firstly, to consider their background, i.e. from what sort of pool are these bureaucrats picked? This is dependent upon the type of civil service in question. For example, the UK civil service is not a technocratic one, and ever since the reforms made in the early twentieth century following the Northcote-Trevelyan report, there has been huge emphasis placed on examinations, especially for the upper echelons of the service (Kingdom, 1990: 14). As a result, many of those at senior level are products of an Oxbridge education. This elitist system has undergone much criticism, but its apologists maintain that "the pluralist nature of the British political system" compensates for any of its defects. "

Tags:bureaucrats, minister, officials

Abstract
This paper examines how everything the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) does is designed to keep the American public safe. The paper explains that ATF has always tackled the controversial issues such as alcohol and firearm control, smoking bans and explosives limitations. The paper looks at how the ATF has to balance its regulations in order to protect American citizens and businesses without infringing on rights. The paper then points out that the ATF needs to work on some areas, but in general, it is successfully serving and protecting the public.

Outline:
Thesis
AT F - A History
Duties and Regulations
Regulations - Societal or Economic
Problem Solving
By the Book
How Are They Doing
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives has been evolving since the late 1700s, when the first Congress enacted a tax on imported spirits to pay for debts incurred during the Revolutionary War. At that time, agents collected taxes through the Department of Treasury. In 1862, by Act of 1, Congress created the Office of Internal Revenue within the Treasury Department. This new office was responsible for collecting taxes on distilled spirits and tobacco products.
Congress added enforcement as a component of the ATF in 1863 when it authorized the addition of three detectives for the purpose of preventing, detecting and punishing tax evaders."

Tags:gun, control, regulations, human, rights

Abstract
The paper explains that the Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS) provides security for members of the state department as they conduct foreign affairs and creates safety measures for sensitive information and property. The paper discusses the organizational culture of the DS and how it is similar to many other law enforcement agencies but with several distinct differences. The paper also examines its leadership structure and the influential stakeholders in the agency. The paper shows how the DS staff members have clearly defined roles and are subject to political, military and law enforcement influences.

From the Paper
"The Bureau of Diplomatic Security is the law enforcement or security agency for the State department. This branch of law enforcement provides security for members of the state department as they conduct foreign affairs as well as to create safety measures for sensitive information and property. The members of the Bureau of Diplomatic Security include special agents, diplomatic couriers, civil service specialists, engineers, and contractors. The members of the Bureau of Diplomatic Security individuals are responsible for ensuring the safety of Americans working diplomatic missions in foreign countries.
"The Bureau of Diplomatic Security is also responsible for securing State Department facilities. This includes creating buildings that are safe and secure and creating security measures that would prevent intrusion into the one hundred facilities located all over the world and its residents. The DS investigates passport and visa fraud, conducts personnel security investigations, international investigations, cybercrimes, and issues security clearances. This agency also provides personal security for the secretary of the State as well as United States Ambassadors stationed globally at foreign embassies.
"The organizational culture of the DS is similar to many other law enforcement agencies with several distinct differences. The organizational culture is the different values, attitudes, beliefs, and characteristics of the organization (Connelly, 2010). In the DS the culture is formally structured and has a military subculture. Because the DS provides security globally not only are law enforcement investigations conducted but security requires the aid of military forces. This requires the agency to be highly structured and employees are required to follow a clear chain of command as well as direct order from their superiors."

Tags:law, enforcement, military, leadership, stakeholders

Abstract
This paper describes the Federal Bureau of Investigation agency of the United States. The author relates the FBI's background and humble beginnings and discusses the agency mission. The paper also addresses job application processes and describes the duties, hierarchy and different division within the agency. In addition, the paper discusses the portrayal of the FBI in movies and news reports and talks about the advantages and disadvantages of working for the agency.

From the Paper
"There would be numerous travels also but a Special Agent specially will get to see the darkest side of humanity when the individual starts investigating notorious or heinous crimes. The FBI has set the standards for solving hundreds if not thousands of crimes other law enforcement agencies have given up on. Of course, being in the FBI means having to put your life on the line during the course ones career, every FBI personnel knows about this. The Bureau has instilled in its membership the glory and honor of making the ultimate sacrifice in fulfillment of Fidelity, Bravery and Integrity - these men and women will always be remembered as heroes of the United States defending the law and the nation."

Tags:law enforcement, U.S

Abstract
This paper reviews effective marketing strategy techniques that are essential to a company in order for it to remain competitive. This paper focuses specifically on the Hawaii Visitor's and Convention Bureau and discuss how the organization uses marketing tactics and the four P's of product, price, promotion and place.

Introduction
Marketing Tactics and the Four P's of HVCB
Factors and Competitive Advantage
Other Possible Tactics
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Essentially a marketing strategy is built around the core values, vision and objectives of the organization. Study of market strategy one become aware that in order to have product, price, promotion or placement, the organization must have done its research on the market and the consumer need for its service. Without an understanding the targeted audience, the organization cannot market at all. It is important to work the product, its price, distribution and promotion around the needs of the people and of course, from there working to persuade segments of the segment into wanting the product. This is called product diversification. Not everyone can afford an Hawaiian vacation and all the attractions that are available at HVCB. The travel industry is highly competitive, cut throat with many threats to income. Consumers are more wary travel today than five years due to present conflicts in the world. It is important for HVCB to get around these obstacles by enticing the consumer. Really Hawaii can sell itself on the premise of being a beautiful relaxing place but after that it is the job of an organization like HVCB to continue marketing the idea of a vacation. This is where pricing and promotion become important to the marketing strategy. "

Tags:product, price, distribution, promotion, business

Abstract
This paper debates the continuation of the American Farm Bureau (AFB)and examines the influence of the AFB on the quality of our food. The paper discusses the problems that arose for the AFB, after the passage of the Food Quality Protection Act. The paper also claims that the Regulatory Fairness and Openness Act did not fulfill its purpose of keeping the EPA rulings reasonable.

From the Paper
"When the Delaney clause was removed from the books in 1996, the EPA assured the Farm Bureau that it would introduce a sensible approach to measuring and regulating crop protection residues in food supplies using an approach based on scientific data. American farmers were assured that scientific assessment, not perceived risk would be the method used to determine the needed regulations to ensure the safety of our food supply. Unfortunately, the EPA determined by unscientific means that organophosphates and carbamates should no longer be used for crop protection. These chemicals are used to protect many of the fruits and vegetables and have been proven safe by means that are scientific."

Tags:delaney, farmers, epa

Abstract
This paper explores the creation and the evolution of the Children's Bureau from the time following its inception to the modern period, with an emphasis on the problems of children's services and policy reform.

Abstract
This paper explains that, although the original bureau is 200 years old, in 2003, the ATF was transferred from the Treasury Department to the Justice Department; its name was somewhat changed, with the word "explosives" being added to make clear one of its major, long-standing fields of expertise. The author points out that the ATF forerunner agency performed a key role in the national movement to abolish the commercial sale of beer, wine, and whiskey under the 18th Amendment of the Constitution, which was approved in 1919. The paper stresses that the backbone of the ATF is the examiners who inspect records of firearms dealers, explosives businesses, and alcohol beverage producers;they substantiate inventories and work to make sure of product veracity.

From the Paper
"The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) has over the years been allocated a series of tasks that were not always clearly related, as suggested by its name, and different from the Internal Revenue Service and the Drug Enforcement Agency. This historic setback may have relieved to a substantial level when most of the ATF was moved form the Treasury Department to the Justice Department on January 24, 2003. The ATF was for many years a basic source of federal income, while the comparative significance of this role going after alcohol and tobacco excise taxes weakened with America's espousal of the income tax. Recently, even the law enforcement part of this relatively small agency had endeavored to cover a great deal of ground. In the arousal of grave bombing events, expert ATF programs were established to give specialist help."

Tags:transfer, justice, amendment, examiners, inspection

Abstract
This paper outlines many problems within the FBI such as withholding pertinent information that may have prevented the September 11 attacks. The author points out that these problems are not new. The paper discusses the new corrective program introduced by the FBI head, Robert Mueller, that needs to be enforced and accepted by the FBI culture.

From the Paper
"Another problem that has haunted the FBI in recent months is the discovery that veteran agent Robert Hanssen was a Russian spy for twenty-five years. The FBI was scrutinized because they did not possess a serious attitude regarding internal security issues, and the lack of a cohesive management structure indicates that departments were not aware of each others activities. In response to the Hanssen scandal, Congress approved the creation of a new position within the Justice Department to oversee the activities of the FBI."

Tags:withhold, information, attacks, corrective, mueller, enforced, culture, crime, terrorism, negligence

Abstract
This paper provides a detailed history of the Freedman's Bureau in the United States and the role this organization played following Lincoln's signing of the Emancipation Proclamation. Created by the U.S. Federal Government in 1895, the Freedman's Bureau provided education opportunities that would ordinarily have been denied most the ex-slaves who migrated from the South. .