Abstract This paper examines two distinct inventions: light bulbs and solar energy. First it discusses the incandescent light bulb and its inventor, Thomas Alva Edison, and explore the differences between incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs. Then the long history and increasing importance of solar power and its modern applications are discussed.
From the Paper "On December 31st, 1879, after years of work and many experiments, Thomas Alva Edison gave the first demonstration of the incandescent light bulb at his laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey. He was assisted in his invention by Francis Upton, a Princeton Graduate who supplied the mathematical and theoretical expertise that Edison lacked. This invention established Edison's reputation as the world's greatest inventor. Before his invention, electric arc lighting was used to produce light. In this lighting system, lights were connected in a series circuit, so if one failed, the rest of the bulbs on the circuit also failed. (First Public Demonstration?)
Edison was able to spend so much time and money on the invention of the light bulb because of his reputation as an inventor. He had the support of financiers such as J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilts. They established the Edison Light Company and loaned Edison $30,000 for research and development. (First Public Demonstration?)"
Abstract This paper examines the myriad of changes brought about by the invention of the light bulb. The paper presents issues of safety of light bulbs as opposed to candles. The paper also claims that the light bulb has changed the face of travel, enabling safe passage whether by car, boat, airplane or walking. It has also greatly increased productivity worldwide by allowing longer hours of work.
From the Paper "The light bulb was perhaps the most significant invention since fire; although fire was never truly invented. Nevertheless, the light bulb has impacted our lives on a scale similar to that of when our ancestors first harnessed the flame: it has altered the way people live their lives so drastically that it is difficult to even imagine life in its absence. Thanks to its invention, the night is open to far more activities than the candle or even the lantern could ever have provided. Its likelihood as a fire starter is much less than its predecessors, thus increasing the safety of people and their property. The light bulb has changed the face of travel. It has also greatly increased productivity worldwide."
Abstract This paper attempts to prove that contrary to what most people think, air pollution is not a complex problem that requires complex solutions, air pollution can actually be resolved through preventive measures and individual actions of the people in the society. It outlines what air pollution is and the several causes of why air pollution has developed and has increasingly worsened over the years. It evaluates the need for coordination of individual action due to the large amount of pollutants in the air which come from people who consume and make use of products that contain chemicals and substances. It concludes with preventative steps that every individual can carry out such as preventing the emission of gas pollutants and replacing standard light bulbs with energy-efficient fluorescent bulbs.
From the Paper "The effects of air pollution ranges from changes in the geophysical composition and environmental balance of the planet to great danger in human health. Because of air pollution, water resources may decrease in amount, and when these happens, organisms and living things that thrive on these bodies of water will die or abandon the area, causing a disruption in the balance of nature, because other organisms may be dependent on the organisms that have left the area, and when this happens, a chain reaction will happen, and all other organisms will be left to die or suffer from the effects of air pollution."
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of the life of Thomas Edison and how he changed the world with the invention of the light bulb. The paper explores the importance of the light bulb and credits Edison with single-handedly changing the world through its invention.
Outline:
Introduction
Biography
Exploring His Inventions
Why He Succeeded
From the Paper "Edison's childhood was one of constant, almost relentless curiosity. It was a trait that would serve him well when he eventually went on to hold a world record for having more than 1,000 patents, but while he was still a child it sometimes caused him a great deal of stress. One example of this was the time he accidentally burnt down a family barn in his quest of experimentation. He was charged with the crime of arson at the tender age of six for that mishap but it didn't slow him down. There were also questions about his intellectual abilities at one point. Stories are told that a friend of his drowned while Edison was playing with him at a creek and Edison failed to show any emotion. In addition he had a teacher tell his parents that he was "dumb" and would never be able to learn(American Heroes: Thomas Alva Edisonhttp://www.mccsc.edu/~jcmslib/mlk/edison/biography.htm) . "
Abstract The paper discusses a study where the goal is to measure the rate of photosynthesis that Elodea shoots have when they are exposed to specific light sources and distances. The paper hypothesizes that the quality of the light, not the quantity of the light, makes a difference, and having a lot more light will not necessarily make photosynthesis occur any faster. The paper lists the materials and methods used and explains the results that indicate that the rate of photosynthesis with a 100-watt bulb is much higher than the rates with 150-watt bulbs. The paper includes three charts of results.
Outline:
Introduction
Discussion
Materials and Methods
Results
From the Paper "People have been interested in plants for hundreds of years, and a lot of people study them and grow them as hobbies. There are many different things that affect how a plant grows. Some of these are soil, temperature, oxygen, water, and nutrients (The soil, 2004). Light is also important for a growing plant because it must have light for photosynthesis to take place. In the simplest of terms, soil and light are the most important things for most experiments discussed and created with plants. The soil has a certain amount of water in it, and how much depends on what kind of soil it is. Different soils have different structures, and this determines how much water drains through and how much stays in the soil for the plant to use (The soil, 2004)."
Abstract The paper discusses and sheds light on how changes in the advertising industry and new creative techniques emerged to make specific advertisements stand out from its competitors. The author examines what media and advertising strategies manufactures would use, where these new ideas came from and how consumers respond. A look at how technology and the emergence of new unexplored mediums altered previous advertising strategies.
From the paper:
"In the 1880s most manufactures were starting to see a huge boom in the economy, which allowed them to expand their area of distribution and dip into new markets previously unattainable. Alongside this enormous economic growth, many technological changes were taking place as well. For example, mechanized farming equipment, sewing machines, and other machinery were invented increasing the production processes of the past. As a direct result of this increase in production, factories expanded and products became available at a lower cost and faster rate than ever before. New inventions began to appear such as the automobile, telephone and light bulb. In 1896 the government and the railroad companies developed the national railroad system and rural free delivery. With this, it was now possible for manufactures to distribute goods to geographic areas previously unreachable."
Abstract A detailed and effective story of the process of gardening and plants. It describes the process in which nature prepares the earth for the birth of plants.
From the Paper "A glider swings back and forth as a young man and his grandmother reminisce on the porch at the beginning of spring. Her garden drips with apple red and Easter egg pink tulips. They each remember when he was a small boy, and she taught him exactly how to plant a tulip bulb. Now that the grandmother is older, the young man plants the garden on his own. However, they both enjoy its simple and peaceful beauty that symbolizes they beginning of spring and new life. A tulip flower's growth and bloom follows the seasons. In the fall, a gardener plants and tends the bulbs; in winter the ground freezes, and upon spring's arrival, the stalk, leaves, and bud grow."
Abstract This paper shows how in his book "The Great Crash 1929", John Kenneth Galbraith, a leading economist, examines the meaning of the stock market crash of 1929 which has become a persistent fear for Wall Street ever since. It looks at the events leading up to the crash and details the aftermath. It compares recent downturns in the market today to the Great Crash and discusses how a crash such as the one that occurred in 1929 is simply impossible given the current structure of the market and of governmental and other controls. It analyzes how Galbraith finds that what happened in 1929 was not an isolated action and that earlier in history there had been other speculative splurges, beginning in 1637 when Dutch speculators invested in tulip bulbs.
From the Paper "There were events prior to the Great Crash showing that the market might draw back. Galbraith cites one such in June of 1928 when in fact the death of the bull market was predicted, but this prediction was premature. Herbert Hoover would be elected President in 1929, and he had been concerned about the rising tide of speculation for some time. When he was Secretary of Commerce, he had tried to get the market under control. His attitude was kept secret, however, so his election did not cause the panic it would have otherwise. Ownership of property was rewarded by this time only in terms of an early rise in price. All other uses were irrelevant. Speculation in the market provided early returns and less responsibility, and people were buying stocks on margin so they could have the increase in price without the costs of ownership."
Abstract This paper explains that, throughout history, investors have been caught off-guard by the bursting of one speculative bubble after another. The author believes that investors should be in the market for the long haul to reduce its volatility. The paper suggests the use of the stop-loss orders on every stock purchase, which stop a stock's free fall when things go wrong; the IBD philosophy is to set the stop at 8% below the purchase price.
From the Paper "Like an overzealous clown blowing up balloons, eventually those balloons will not hold any additional helium air and they, well, ?BURST.? We should learn financial history for the sake of avoiding making the same idiotic mistakes from other generations. But, our human nature continues to allow great financial and social losses to occur because speculative bubble investing continues. Some examples of speculative bubbles have colorful names like the Tulip-Bulb craze, the south sea bubble, the Florida real estate craze, the nifty-fifty era and, yes, The Crash of 1987."
Abstract This paper explains the "castles-in-the-air" and "firm-foundation" theories, as they relate to stock investment strategies, and examines their effects on market prices.
Abstract "This paper discusses the taxonomy of Tulipa species, its origins, its structure, its means of reproducing, both sexually and asexually, and the conditions it requires in order to succeed. The function of each part of the plant is also discussed, as well as the growth cycle from bulb to leafy growth, flowering and setting seed. The relatively long time span from seed to productive plant is also discussed."
From the Paper "Tulipa tulipa, the beloved spring flower, has been hybridized from its wild ancestors into a complex spectrum of species and cultivars. The genus Tulipa falls under the Phylum Magnoliophyta, the Class Liliopsida, the Order Liliales, and the Family Liliaceae, thus sharing its characteristics to some extent with lilies and onions. All are geophytic plants (literally earth plants) with an underground, multi-layered structure that nourishes and sustains the organism. The word Tulipa is derived from the Turkish word tulpend or tulbend, meaning "turban," which the flowers somewhat resemble (Pavord, 1999, pp. 4-5). Wild tulips are indigenous to Persia and Central Asia, in a range that extends to Portugal on the west and China and Japan on the east."
Abstract This paper discusses the plant known as chive or Allium schoenoprasum L. The paper first discusses the plant's physical characteristics and biological and chemical make-up. The paper then discusses chives in terms of food and flavor and then analyzes its medicinal uses. Finally, the paper looks at the hazards that are associated with chives, including toxicity and allergic reaction.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Physical Characteristics
Distribution (USDA database)
Biology
Cultivation
Chemistry
Food and Flavor
Medicinal Use
Anti-tumor Properties
Anti-oxidative Properties
Allergenic Extracts
Biological Control in Gardens
Environmental Use
Hazards
Toxicity
Allergic Reaction
From the Paper "Cultivation of chives is relatively easy because the plants are hardy and can grow in a broad range of environmental conditions. They can grow in different kinds of soil, from sandy, to loamy to heavy clay. However, the soil should be moist but well-drained. Chives can grow in a broad range of soil pH from acidic soil, to neutral or and even in highly alkaline soil. They thrive in areas with semi-shade or direct sunlight."
"Bulbs or seeds should be planted in early spring and bulbs should be planted deeply. Bulbs grow in clumps and have to be divided 3 to 4 times a year. Because they are perennial plants and resistant to frost, they can be planted outside and the leaves can be harvested the whole year round."
Abstract This paper presents a research proposal to explain the ways in which light can damage retinas. The paper explains the differences between fluorescent, halogen, neodymium and regular incandescent light bulbs and focuses on the risks and hazards associated with different types of light in the workplace. The paper specifically compares blue lighting to green lighting as it pertains to safety and health issues.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Rationale
Aim
Objectives
Hypothesis
Methodology
Data Collection Tools
Limitations
Analysis Technique
From the Paper "The research will also concentrate on defining the different types of bulbs that are currently available on the market including fluorescent, halogen, neodymium, and regular incandescent light bulbs. In recent years Compact Fluorescent light bulbs have grown in popularity because they have a much longer life span and require less energy than do regular incandescent lights. According to the United States Department of Energy Fluorescent lights utilize "75 percent less energy than standard incandescent bulbs and last up to 10 times longer ("Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs")." However there may be some harmful agents such as mercury contained in the fluorescent bulb. It is believed that the danger in these light bulbs is related to improper disposal or handling of a broken bulb."
