Abstract
This paper critiques a qualitative research paper entitled: "In Their Own Words: Battered Women, Welfare and the Family Violence Option." The paper examines the different components of the paper, including rationale of the study, study objectives, methodology, data collection, data analysis, congruity of results with objectives, discussion of results, conclusions and recommendations.

From the Paper
"The phenomenon of interest was clearly identified in the introduction and presented the argument in a logical manner that the carrying out of qualitative research in this subject needs to be done in such a way as to help the subjects (i.e. the primary stakeholders in the receipt of these services) assert their own experiences with the FVO and the welfare system. From a methodological point of view, a qualitative format gave the..."

Tags:nursing, qualitative, analysis

Abstract
This paper consists of a critique of a meta-synthesis of qualitative research. In particular, the study raises questions about the value of a meta-synthesis when Aboriginal people are involved who are marginalized and are rarely heard directly. However, this research contains substantial findings that will enlighten Western mental health care providers.

From the Paper
"This paper consists of a critique of a meta-synthesis of qualitative research. This particular study raises questions about the value of a meta-synthesis when Aboriginal people are involved who are marginalized and are rarely heard directly. However, this research contains substantial findings that will enlighten Western mental health care providers. Problem An outstanding problem in Australia elates to the mental health concerns of Aboriginal people but there are very few research articles which set..."

Tags:study, qualitative, critique

Abstract
The paper examines qualitative research in the context of studying the facilitators and inhibitors of nurses transitioning from RNs to BSNs. The paper explains that, also known as phenomenological research, it is based on sampling data from a small group regarding their experiental truths, as opposed to traditional statistical analysis.

From the Paper
"An increasing number of grandparents have assumed the responsibility of primary care-giving to their grandchildren for various reasons. Meeting their renewed parenting responsibilities again generally creates stress for the grandparents, creating problematic issues regarding their outlook, energy levels, motivation, as well as their emotional, physical and mental health. Logically, it may be expected that grandchildren coming from abusive and neglectful backgrounds may further increase stress levels for their grandparents, and also present other challenges. In order to develop positive interventions in support of the grandparents..."

Tags:nursing, qualitative, research

Abstract
The paper discusses how the theory of planned behavior is a rather profound theory within psychology that can be used to explain an array of actions and behavior patterns. This analysis presents a review of a journal article that modeled the theory of planned behavior and used an experiment related exercise to show the facets of the theory. The paper notes that all of these cases and/or examples discuss some aspect of how qualitative research can be used effectively to understand a particular aspect of human development within an empirical human development study.

From the Paper
"The theory of planned behavior is a rather profound theory within psychology that can be used to explain an array of actions and behavior patterns. The analysis below presents a review of a journal article that modeled the theory of planned behavior and used an experiment related exercise to show the facets of the theory. All of these cases and or examples discuss some aspect of how qualitative research can be used effectively to understand a particular aspect of human development within an empirical human development study. The review of the article was conducted within the necessary specific criteria for qualitative research..."

Tags:qualitative, research, criteria

Abstract
The paper critically assesses two differing research methodologies; quantitative and qualitative as both form an important part of sociological examination although fundamental differences exist between them. The paper provides an outline of each method and the manner in which it is employed followed by an examination of the inherent differences between the two methodologies. The paper concludes with an assessment as to what advantages can be attained when the two opposite approaches are used in conjunction with one another.

From the Paper
"Therefore, from such a basis it is possible to see how the two different methods employ differing criteria when examining social phenomena. Quantitative methodology relies heavily on measurable scientific data (Phillips, 1976; p. 102). As such, wide ranging data collection is a consistent feature of the quantitative approach. This would include data collection methods such as surveys and questionnaires. Interviews could also play an important role in quantitative research but such interviews would be heavily structured. A clear and unambiguous structure is vital to the methodology employed so that clearly definable scientific results can be offered. Given this, the quantitative approach requires as a prerequisite that the individual researcher or interviewer adopts an impartial and detached stance toward the research. (Bailey 1994; p. 136). Becoming heavily and directly involved in the research process could impact on the mathematical result and therefore negatively affect the reliability of the data."

Tags:qualitative, analysis, observational, techniques, statistics

Abstract
This paper explains that all the budgets of governmental agencies share the goals of significantly cutting costs, reducing their scope of operations through outsourcing and improving flexibility and responsiveness through the empowerment of management. The author points out that technological advances in information technology and information systems, supported by increased user expertise and familiarity with technology, have allowed budget management to break away from its traditional constraints but have forced many governmental agencies to establish management control mechanisms. The paper details each of the budgets from Clark County in Nevada, which is the smallest in terms of revenues and expenditures, to the larger budget of the State of Nevada and to the largest budget, which is the White House's Office of Budget and Management.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Nevada's Clark County
State of Nevada
The White House's Office of Budget and Management

From the Paper
"In order to increase revenues, Clark County has instituted their Capital Improvement Program (CIP), a five year plan which is reviewed and updated annually in conjunction with the preparation of the County's operating budget. The CIP's mission is to finance infrastructure improvements, government facility construction, and equipment acquisition. The goals of CIP are to: 1) access capital needs; 2) identify funding sources for those capital projects/programs, which will provide the greatest return on investment in terms of meeting the increasing demand for infrastructure, public facilities and services; 3) establish priorities among projects to increase the utility of County resources; 4) improve financial planning through disclosure of future bond issues and assessment of fiscal impact."

Tags:information, billions, short, long, projects

Abstract
This paper explains that, in an effort to improve employment rates, states were provided with much latitude to experiment with a variety of welfare-to-work programs by creating employment and training programs, job search, education and workfare. The author points out that, across the country, state budgets have been falling as a result of reduced revenues; consequently, it has become particularly important for state employment services to be able to provide objective indicators of the economic success of their programs. The paper relates that this study will employ a hybrid methodology, using both a qualitative literature review concerning job development initiatives and grant programs and a statistical analysis of the wage records from the State of Ohio since the inception of the Enterprise Ohio Network in 1986 to the present, to identify significant trends and the impact of these and other initiatives on the employment rate in the State of Ohio compared to other states, which have similar development programs.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Overview of Study
Preliminary Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
State of Ohio Targeted Industries Training Grants
Methodology

From the Paper
"Today, the Enterprise Ohio Network is a statewide consortium comprised of 54 public two-year colleges and university branch campuses; since 1986, these 2-year schools have been partnering with businesses, organizations and public service agencies to provide real-world experiences and opportunities in the workplace. The Targeted Industries Training Grants are currently available to eligible companies through the statewide network of Enterprise Ohio Network campuses. In their segment, "Who are we?," the organization reports that it is "a statewide quality and productivity improvement resource available to all Ohio businesses seeking to improve their selection, development and retention of talented people." The Enterprise Ohio Network was established in 1986 as a framework in which to bring Ohio's public two-year community and technical colleges and university branch campuses together to better serve Ohio companies by partnering with companies to profile jobs, assess skill requirements, screen new hires, and deliver training that supports business success; and helping employers build teams, reduce scrap, decrease machine down time, improve cycle times, increase output, improve customer satisfaction."

Tags:welfare-to-work, wage-record, statistical, budgets, objective

Abstract
This paper discusses the economic circumstances that initiated the creation of the welfare system and how the welfare system has influenced today's economy. The research is conducted through a review of relevant peer-reviewed literature and uses a methodology that is qualitative in nature.

Outcome:
Statement of Purpose
Expected Outcomes of Research
Significance of Research
Methodology
Review of Literature
Statement of Findings

From the Paper
"Quite clearly, good intentions and high ideals originally brought about the creation of the welfare system. However, the creation of the welfare system also created a perpetual state of welfare when the system suddenly snatched the supports from beneath the many who were dependent on this system without placing supports that would aid those who were dependent in finding true independence and ultimately has perpetuated the need for assistance throughout the United States that extends into several generations of individuals."

Tags:study, policies, budget

Abstract
This paper looks at the National Standards for Arts Education as a place to start in assessing any state's interest in and support of arts education. The paper explains that to assess New Jersey's positioning on the canvas of American arts education, the debate and its contributions were analyzed for the past decade; the findings were unequivocal that arts education has a place not only in humanities teaching, but also in creating an atmosphere in which all children can achieve. It explains that wealthier school districts are more likely to retain arts programs under pressure, although it is the disadvantaged districts that would most benefit. The entire issue is assessed in terms of the possibilities post-NCLB, and the current progress of the states in terms of adopting the National Standards for Arts Education are also discussed. The writer concludes that it appears that New Jersey has at least nominally found a niche among the states more dedicated to providing arts education. It remains to be seen whether that education will be of the 'media' sort, or the more substantive arts education that demands continued student/teacher involvement in pursuit of generalized goals contributive to developing an aesthetic sense and possibly some mastery in an arts area.
Chapter I: Statement of Problem
National Standards for Arts Education: History
The Standards Themselves
Budget Issues
Quantitative Information
Qualitative Findings
Chapter II: Literature Review
Merits of Fine Arts Education
Educational Reform and Arts Education
How to Conduct Arts Education
The Standards Themselves
References
Appendix A: New Jersey Standards for Arts Education
Appendix B: U.S. Hunger in the Year 2000
Appendix C: Jasmine's Story
List of Tables
Table 2.1: States requiring arts credits for high school graduation
Table 2.2: Mandatory Status of Arts Education by State
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Reasons to Support Arts Education: New Jersey
Figure 1.2: Budgeted Funds for Arts Expenditures by Type of School
Figure 1.3: Budgeted Funds for Arts Expenditures by School Size
Figure 1.4: Budgeted Funds for Arts Expenditures by Region

From the Paper
"Four years ago, discussion concerning the place and presence of fine arts education in public schools would have been primarily a discussion of the need for the curricula in the first place and the financing of it. In the early 1990s, discussion of National Standards for arts education became prevalent in the professional media. Since the start of the Bush administration's No Child Left Behind initiatives, however, any public discussion of the present and future of arts programs in public schools is clouded by a new dominant educational debate; the new debate concerns whether NCLB signals the death-knell of learning in U.S. public schools, or is a way to raise up the academically disadvantaged. While this investigation does not attempt to find the definitive answer to that question, there is little doubt that the fact and progress of NCLB will have an impact, and arguably a negative one, on fine arts education generally. Whether it is having or has had a negative impact on fine and performing arts education in New Jersey is a proper question for the current research, however. It is probable that the answers to a statewide survey of fine arts faculty conducted for this investigation will help resolve it. Indeed, the question to be answered is how well New Jersey's Fine Arts Programs compare to National Standards, allowing for classification differences within the state."

Tags:school, administration, public, parent, teacher

Abstract
This paper reports that the impact of illegal alien immigrants on the California health care system is astronomical especially because illegal immigrants bring infectious disease into California and the United States. Many of these diseases have never been known in the United States while others were long ago eradicated from the U.S. The author stresses that California physicians must develop an initiative to address preventative health care and disease detection and treatment for this population. The paper recommends a qualitative methodology using focus groups of California private practitioners to formulate a plan through which private practitioners may provide medical care for illegal immigrant aliens.

Table of Contents:
Problem Statement
Research Objectives
Research Design
Literature Review
Summary of the Literature Reviewed
Methodology
Instrumentation and Data Collection
Method of Analysis
Time Schedule
Resources Needed
Personnel
Budget
Participation Release Form
Consent Form for Participation in Research

From the Paper
"FAIR further reports: "Immigrants are often uninsured and underinsured. Forty-three percent of noncitizens under 65 have no health insurance. That means there are 9.4 million uninsured immigrants, a majority of whom are in the country illegally, constituting 15 percent of the total uninsured in the nation in the mid-1990s. The cost of the medical care of these uninsured immigrants is passed onto the taxpayer, and strains the financial stability of the health care community. Another problem is immigrants' use of hospital and emergency services rather than preventative medical care."

Tags:low-income, epidemics, uninsured, survey, recording