Abstract
This paper makes two recommendations for strategies for budget surpluses, two recommendations for strategies for budget deficits, and comments on the influence of Social Security on the national debt. The paper also evaluates the influence of politics on these issues.

From the Paper
"A budget surplus occurs in those years when government receipts exceed government spending. Such surpluses mean that the national debt does not increase for that year. When the government is faced with a surplus, there are many options available to it. Using fiscal policy, the government can use the surplus to pay down the national debt. It can do this by buying back some of the outstanding debt on the market. With the national debt at historically high..."

Tags:budget deficit, budget surplus, Social Security

Abstract
The paper examines the budget of a food share program. The purpose of the budget is to present it in an application for a grant proposal. The budget is in-depth and includes program revenues, program personnel expenses, and the program non-personnel expenses.

From the Paper
"The paper discusses the budget of a Food Share program as it would need to be formulated for a grant proposal and application. The budget proposal covers the program revenues, program personnel expenses, and the program non-personnel expenses. Additionally, each budget line item is directly addressed as a footnote to provide greater insight and accuracy."

Tags:food, share, budget

Abstract
This is a 5-page paper discussing the various elements of budget execution. It states that budget accounting system is an important base for the execution of the government budget agency.

Tags:budget, execution

Abstract
This paper studies the post-war (2003) budget for Iraq. The paper discusses the origins of the policy, the political climate, the state of the economy, and popular public opinion at the time that enabled the policy to be introduced and enacted. The paper also explains how this policy influenced the budget and if the influences are positive or negative.

Tags:Post War budget Iraq, origins, policy, political climate, state of the economy, popular public opinion, budget, reforms or revisions

Abstract
This paper describes the process through which the New York State Executive Budget is developed and appropriations made for programs. It looks at the state's system of executive budgeting, the four categories of classifying appropriations and the political process involved.

From the Paper
"New York State's budget process is said to follow a format and process that is dictated by the State Constitution with additional details and actions prescribed by ..."

Tags:New York, State Budget, Local Budget

Abstract
The paper relates that the budget promises 13 billion in additional financing through financial crown corporations - including $5 billion in credit made available through the new Business Credit Availability Program. The paper discusses how the 2009 budget also creates a single securities regulator; increases the maximum eligible loan a small business can access through the Business Credit Availability Program; provides money to the Canada Business Network and to the Canadian Youth Business Foundation; allocates more money to the Canada Graduate Scholarships Program and to the Canada Foundation for Innovation; provides $1 billion over 5 years to the Southern Ontario Development Agency; and creates a Clean Energy Fund for the development of sustainable technologies.

From the Paper
"Analysis/critique of federal budget. Highlights of budget. To get things started, the budget promises 13 billion in additional financing through financial crown corporations - including $5 billion in credit made available through the new Business Credit Availability Program. The 2009 budget also creates a single securities regulator; increases the maximum eligible loan a small business can access through the Business Credit Availability Program; provides money to the Canada Business Network and to the Canadian Youth Business Foundation; allocates more money to the Canada Graduate Scholarships..."

Tags:budget, analysis, implications

Abstract
This paper is in the form of a memo from an organization's finance department to the human resource manager, addressing the latter's concerns about different costs and the organization's budget/accounting process. The writer provides an overview of the organization's types of costs, together with definitions, examples, and a breakdown of the overall structure of the organization's budget.

From the Paper
"As we approach the Budget Season for the current fiscal year, I noticed you had a slew of questions concerning the distinction between different types of costs and the overall accounting process, at the Budget Seminar for senior management this week. I thought it would be beneficial to give an overview of what exactly the different costs are, and to present to you with different definitions, examples, and the overall structure of the budget/accounting process at this organization."

Tags:accounting, costs, budget

Abstract
This paper discusses Intel Corporation, a leader in the semiconductor industry. The paper describes the company, gives statistics on its employees, and studies the financial highlights of Intel from the past five years. The paper explains Intel's efforts in the development and integration of cutting edge technologies to register higher revenues and examines Intel's annual report in an attempt to assess the private holding's budget planning. This paper includes a table, charts and graphs.

Outline:
Introduction
Company Description
Intel Employees
Intel Budget
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Relative to their stakeholders, the Intel Corporation promotes intense efforts into the development of communities on numerous fields: they support the managerial development of specialists, they offer training programs to young software developers, they engage in developing higher and more advanced technologies that improve the quality of the educational and healthcare systems. Also, they allocate impressive sums of money into the preservation of the natural environment. They generally do this through sponsorship programs and direct involvement, but they also contribute to the wellbeing of communities to the payment of large taxes, which are then redistributed by the state budget."

Tags:operations, semiconductor industry, budget employees stakeholders

Abstract
This is a paper on recent budget cuts in Medicare and proposed cuts in Medicaid, which will affect the communities of Halifax County, Florida. The paper focuses on the interaction between state, local and national governments to reveal how these budgetary changes were allowed, and what the local government must do to help patch up voids in the hospital budget while expensive or unnecessary care programs are phased out. The paper takes the position that national government cannot always tell what effect legislation will have on the individual communities it applies to.

Tags:healthcare, budget, policy

Abstract
This paper examines the soft budget constraint (SBC) as a commitment problem under socialism, presents the Dewatripont and Maskin basic model of the theory behind the SBC, and explains how the SBC can be hardened. Additionally, it closely follows the transition processes in China, as well as several Central and Eastern European Countries by focusing on efficient markets, federalism, demonopolization. The paper ends with a summary of the efficiency outcomes of a hard budget constraint.

From the Paper
"The soft budget constraint syndrome is an incentive dilemma that has been primarily observed in socialist centrally planned economies, and has created major problems in their transition to the market. The term "soft budget constraint" was coined by Kornai in 1980, and can be summed up as follows: "If the firm acts as a price maker, if the tax system it faces is soft, if it can rely on access to free state grants, if it can get credits and external financial investment on soft terms, then the budget constraint is soft; that is it will not bind the ex ante choices of the firm." Ambrus-Lakatos (1997)"

Tags:budget, centrally, constraint, demonopolization, econometrics, economics, federalism, market, planned, socialist, soft, transition