Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes the religious persecution of Tibetan Buddhists since the 1949 Chinese invasion, and discusses the consequences of more than fifty years of religious oppression in Tibet.

Abstract
This three-page undergraduate paper is a discussion of the Buddhist caves at Nasik, and the main purposes the caves serve in terms of information they provide about the past.

Abstract
This paper examines how Jesus as a compassionate and unworldly individual resonates with many aspects of Buddhist teaching. It also discusses how the idea of reverence for a teacher is not absent from Buddhist practices and how this source of common connection between Buddhists and Christians can act as a point of ideological entry for teachers of the gospel to Buddhists. The paper also looks at how like the Buddha, Jesus sought to liberate humankind from sinful anger and help humankind lose its focus upon material rather than spiritual goods. It is spiritual goods that are the real wealth of the world in Christianity, a sentiment that is echoed in the richness provided by spiritual reflection in Buddhism.

Outline:
Introduction
Background & Major Beliefs
Obstacles and Practical Suggestions
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The enlightenment found by the Buddha was a teaching of profound truth and compassion. ``The Buddha said that it didn't matter what a person's status in the world was, or what their background or wealth or nationality might be. All were capable of enlightenment, and all were welcome into the Sangha,'' or the brotherhood of the first monks (Boeree, ``The Life of Siddhartha Gautama,'' 1999). Core to the Buddhist understanding of the world is what the Buddhists call the Four Noble Truths. These are often translated that life is suffering; suffering is due to attachment; attachment can be overcome, and there is a path for accomplishing these facts. This is one of the most misinterpreted aspects of Buddhist teaching. Buddhists do not believe that life is miserable, but that the nature of earthly existence is transient. A failure to understand that how much money we have, if we live in a prestigious area of the country, or the other petty obsessions of our lives, are not important in the grand scheme of things leads to suffering."

Tags:jesus, buddha, gospel, Siddhartha, Gautama, enlightenment

Abstract
This paper explores the issue of abortion as it is viewed by the Buddhist religion. The paper discusses the Buddhist belief system, based upon the eight-fold path to enlightenment and how it seems to indicate that Buddhists are strictly against the medical practice of abortion or the taking of a human life while it is still within the womb. The paper briefly compares this to other religious belief systems.

From the Paper
"However, much like some of the practitioners of Islam and Judaism, most Buddhists will only accept abortion when the life of the mother is in danger (Harvey, 1995, 202). But even with this scenario, all Buddhist agree that the taking of a human life is morally and ethically unacceptable, especially when the object of the killing is an innocent victim. It is interesting to note that the Buddhist view of killing is directly in line with abortion, for according to the teachings of Buddha, five conditions must be met to constitute an act of killing--first, the thing killed must be a living being; second, the killer must be aware that it is a living thing; third, there must be an intention to kill; fourth, there must be an effort to kill, and lastly, the being must be killed as the result of the act (Harvey, 1995, 188)."

Tags:womb, life, enlightenment, killing

Abstract
This paper discusses how when looking at ancient Chinese art and even art today, one can easily see the influence of the Buddhists after they arrived in this country during the Han Period of 200 B.C. It looks at how Buddhism traveled from India to China and how it was transformed into something that could be readily incorporated into the local culture. It also discusses how the Buddhist influence increased to such a significant extent that huge amounts of money and human work were used to create astonishing pieces of art and elaborate temples and how this expanding interest in Buddhism led to new ways of representing deities, different forms of architecture for worship and changing rituals.

From the Paper
"Most Buddhist monks came to China by way of the Silk Road, which was a critical junction at the caravan trails that stretched from China to the Mediterranean. As the easternmost Chinese station on the route, the village of Dunhuang (Tunhuang) became the ideal location for these foreign monks to learn the language and culture before moving into central China. The missionaries and their Chinese disciples built the earliest Buddhist communities at Dunhuang in the late third and early fourth centuries. Many religious sutras were translated at Dunhuang and then distributed outward. Uncountable economic and human resources were used to produce Buddhist sutras and construct religious centers, including thousands of cave temples. "

Tags:monks, silk, road, sung, silk, temple

Abstract
This paper discusses how when looking at ancient Chinese art and even art today, one can easily see the influence of the Buddhists after they arrived in this country during the Han Period of 200 B.C. It looks at how Buddhism traveled from India to China and how it was transformed into something that could be readily incorporated into the local culture. It also discusses how the Buddhist influence increased to such a significant extent that huge amounts of money and human work were used to create astonishing pieces of art and elaborate temples and how this expanding interest in Buddhism led to new ways of representing deities, different forms of architecture for worship and changing rituals.

From the Paper
"Most Buddhist monks came to China by way of the Silk Road, which was a critical junction at the caravan trails that stretched from China to the Mediterranean. As the easternmost Chinese station on the route, the village of Dunhuang (Tunhuang) became the ideal location for these foreign monks to learn the language and culture before moving into central China. The missionaries and their Chinese disciples built the earliest Buddhist communities at Dunhuang in the late third and early fourth centuries. Many religious sutras were translated at Dunhuang and then distributed outward. Uncountable economic and human resources were used to produce Buddhist sutras and construct religious centers, including thousands of cave temples. "

Tags:monks, silk, road, sung, silk, temple

Abstract
The paper discusses how as human beings, we all share the desire for happiness and meaning in our lives, and according to His Holiness the Dalai Lama, the ability to find true fulfillment lies within each of us. The paper describes how Buddhism is divided into distinct steps that will lead seekers into spiritual enlightenment and relates that the goal of Buddhism is to guide the seeker toward opening their heart, refraining from doing harm and maintaining mental tranquility. The paper explains that the role of the Dalai Lama is to show seekers how to overcome everyday obstacles, and he teaches how to overcome feelings of anger, mistrust, jealousy, insecurity and counterproductive thinking. The paper discusses how the lessons of the Dalai Lama are spread throughout the world in his books, which offer sage and practical insight into the human psyche and into the deepest aspirations that bind people together.

From the Paper
"As human beings, we all share the desire for happiness and meaning in our lives. According to His Holiness the Dalai Lama, the ability to find true fulfillment lies within each of us. Buddhism is divided into distinct steps that will lead seekers into spiritual enlightenment. The goal of Buddhism is to guide the seeker toward opening their heart, refraining from doing harm and maintaining mental tranquility. The role of the Dalai Lama is to show seekers how to overcome everyday obstacles. He teaches how to overcome feelings of anger, mistrust, jealousy, insecurity and..."

Tags:buddhism, ebm, nurses

Abstract
Through a study of Buddhism in Vietnam, and how this has been reflected in art and architecture, we can understand how a country-specific approach to the analysis of Buddhism and Buddhist art can illuminate features of both. This paper discusses Buddhism and Buddhist art in Vietnam.

Tags:buddhism, buddhist art

Abstract
The paper looks at various Buddhist traditions - Theravada, Gelug-pa, and Zen - and discusses how each one approaches the difficult process of achieving enlightenment. Just as importantly, the paper looks at some important concepts - the notions of one-self, "wild mind" (as popularized by poet Gary Snyder) and emptiness - and tries to define what they are and their significance in terms that are comprehensible to someone not familiar with them.

From the Paper
"What is emptiness? Newcomers to Zen Buddhism (to say nothing of those newly arriving to Theravada or Gelug-pa) have often asked this question. Briefly stated, emptiness in Buddhism means that all things are without intrinsic essence ("Buddhist Glossary," glossary). The realization of emptiness by the practitioner of Buddhism (through meditation, of course) is what allows for the experience of Nirvana and it must also be said that this realization is seen as the end to all suffering ("Emptiness [Sunyata], para.1). As this writer understands the term from previous..."

Tags:buddhist, tradition, philosophy

Abstract
This paper describes a particular Chinese Buddhist chant used for both individual and group practice, which is the repetition, through singing or chanting, of one of the names of Buddha - Amitabha. The author points out that Amitabha, which is an ancient chant, was written in the Sanskrit language before Buddhism was transmitted to China. The paper relates that the chanting is sometimes accompanied by percussion instruments.

From the Paper
"The Chinese Buddhist chant I have chosen to describe is, perhaps, one of the simplest and most ancient - the chanting of Amitabha. While some Chinese Buddhist chants were originally written in Chinese, this one predates the transmission of Buddhism to China and is therefore written in Sanskrit, the original language of Buddhism that comes from northern India. Amitabha is one of the names of Buddha, and the chant is associated with repentance and forgiveness. It is, in most cases, as simple repetition of the four-syllable word `Amitabha', though in some cases other syllables are added to it. Buddhist thought values simplicity above all things."

Tags:chinese, buddhist, chant