Abstract
This paper analyzes and discusses two articles: "Training Mentally Retarded Adolescents to Brush Their Teeth" by R.D. Horner and I. Keilitz (1975) and "Training and Maintaining a Retarded Child's Proper Eating" F. O'Brien, C. Bugle, and N.H. Azrin (1972). The paper shows that the purpose of the first research was to provide systematic development and evaluation of a tooth-brushing program for retarded individuals, while the second explored whether motivational techniques are necessary to insure the maintenance of proper eating for the mentally retarded. For each of the articles, the paper provides details on the purpose of the study, procedures used in the study, results of the study and evaluation of the article.

From the Paper
"Study findings showed that when the motivational-maintenance procedure was applied, the subject ate properly and when it was discontinued, the old eating behavior was resumed. When maintenance was again applied, proper eating occurred and was again discontinued when the maintenance procedure ended. During the last seven meals of training, proper eating was demonstrated on nearly every trial, and when baseline conditions were returned, improper eating was immediately resumed. Results also demonstrated that manual guidance was very effective in training the subject to eat properly."

Tags:verbal, instruction, self-feeding, interruption-extinction

Abstract
This paper explains that publicly-traded companies, by law and in compliance with the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC), must submit financial statements to the SEC and to their shareholders in accordance with Standard Accounting Practices and Auditing Procedures dictated by standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. The author points out that PepsiCo and the Gillette Company present different reporting styles; although both meet and far exceed all reporting requirements, the Gillette Company "plays it very close to the vest" by restricting the distribution of their data concerning their operations such as presenting their "Costs of Goods Sold" figures as muddled as they can keep them legally. The paper concludes that the consensus from this analysis of these four companies is that their current ratio trends should continue over the next two to four years, with the possible exception of Bausch & Lomb, which must address its stiff competition or continue to suffer the company's downward trend.

From the Paper
"Bausch & Lomb publish their Returns on Equity, a dismal 6.4%, and 43.86% below the Industry Average. In addition, their published Returns on Assets also are dismal at 2.1%, and 56.25% below the Industry Average, with their Returns on Inventory Costs equally bad at 4.7%, and 37.33% below Industry Average. This company is the only one of the four to publish data usable to calculate these returns. All three of the others do not publish the information; for security reasons, both government enforced and self imposed therefore these numbers are impossible to compute for them in any comparative format."

Tags:returns-on-equity, costs, competition, standards

From the Paper
"One of the recurring issues to face human beings is the problem of a good death. Through the centuries that has been variously defined and redefined to deal with a number of social, psychological, and spiritual issues. In recent times, Elisabeth Kubler Ross has set forth the parameters of a good death, noting that people generally pass through several stages, finally reaching a stage of acceptance.

However, not all people are content to allow the process of their dying to play out naturally, or to be prolonged indefinitely by an increasingly sophisticated medical establishment. Some people, because of pain, terminal illness, despair, or other causes wish to gain control of their dying and ..."

Tags:DEATH, DYING

Abstract
This paper explains that 83 percent of all firefighters identified "fuels reduction" (fuels being dried brush and dead trees) as the single most important factor for improving safety from wildfires. The author points out that the plan proposes the utilization of dead underbrush as a new source of energy. The paper stresses that environmentalist groups opposed to President Bush's plan are "tree-huggers" that are trying to protect the very trees they use each day for various things.

From the Paper
"With our current drought situation, insect infestations, and disease in our forest, we have accumulated years of natural fuels that can produce environmentally destructive fires". This statement from the article "The 2003 Fire Season" is a warning that if we do not remove these dead trees and brush that the effects can be damaging in other ways. Some environmentalists suggest that the long term effects of this type of program have not been completely researched. Many of them also suggest that this program is an opportunity to allow logging companies onto federal land for the sole purpose of attaining free lumber as a byproduct of the project for profit. They have also claimed that it will not reduce the risk of fires. It is hard to rationalize that removing the very things that a fire feeds on such as, dead trees and brush, will not reduce the risk of fire."

Tags:tree-hugger, brush, dead, energy, federal

Abstract
This piece is a paper analyzing America's military readiness in the new millennium. The author takes the stance that due to the changing world political climate, rapid advances in technology, outdated perceptions regarding how the military functions, and a lack of appropriate funding, the military is not prepared. The author cites evidence that while "brush fire" wars are the future of modern combat and that rapid technological advancement is extremely promising, the armed forces are stretched too thin and still absorbed in a Cold War mentality inadequate for addressing the new concerns brought about by these two developments. The technology also has problems of its own, problems which will need to be addressed if America is to remain the world's dominant military power.

Abstract
This paper examines the mother-son relationship in two plays: Hamlet and his mother, Gertrude, in "Hamlet" by Shakespeare, and Amanda and Tom in "The Glass Menagerie" by Tennessee Williams. It demonstrates how the two plays and the characters of the mothers are quite different and how, in "The Glass Menagerie", Tom is able to brush off his mother's domination after too much struggle. On the other hand, Gertrude is unable to dominate Hamlet, even though she tries. It also shows how Tom's relationship with his mother is that of an irritated son who cannot stand his mother's meddling, whereas Hamlet's relationship is based on revenge and hatred.

From the Paper
"Hamlet is one of Shakespeare's most popular tragedies written in around the 1600. The play is a melodrama of revenge, secrecy, madness and conspiracy. It revolves Hamlet, a prince of Denmark who's life is filled with tragedy. Initially he loses his father and while on the verge of recovering from this loss, he sees his mother Gertrude, marrying his Uncle Claudius within two months of his father's death. The shock of his mother's behavior is unbearable for Hamlet as he goes into severe depression and termed by some as complete madness. He fails to continue his studies and because of his mental state, his mother does not allow him to leave Denmark till he is completely stable."

Tags:revenge, hatred, gertrude, tom, amanda, claudius

Abstract
Author John Esposito makes the important point that there is no monolithic quality in resurgent Islam, a fact which is demonstrated well by the doctrinal differences between Sunni and Shia Islam. The West applies an ethnocentric perspective of Islam and portrays the religion and culture through its own values. Moreover, the West exploits the image of terrorists and tries to label the entire Islamic community with the terrorist brush. Notwithstanding this Western ignorance, however, the fact remains that Islamic revivalism is an attempt by Muslims to stop the Westernization of their own societies; it is not a militant or aggressive movement seeking to threaten the Western world.

Abstract
This paper is written mostly from a subjective viewpoint regarding racism in the United States. The author describes his/her brush with racism, and talks a bit about some of the history of and groups behind organized racist activity. Conclusions are drawn about some of this activity by the author.

From the Paper
"Racism has been a problem for hundreds of years. Has it gotten any better from what it used to be? A little, but it still plays a major problem in our society. I come from a small town, which is mostly white, so it's hard to still believe that the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is still up and going strong. My eyes were blinded by this stereotype I held. They are not just affecting people in the south, they have moved all over the states. Will it ever end, who's to say? My question I had before investigating this topic is: Does the KKK still have an affect on us this day in age? And if so, how far have they spread away from the South?"

Tags:kkk, klan, klansmen, klux, luther, martin, naacp

Abstract
Compares the two artists. Their contribution to the new art of 19th Century Impressionism. Contrasts the different styles of Renoir's LUNCHEON OF THE BOATING PARTY and Seurat's A SUNDAY AFTERNOON ON THE ISLAND OF LA GRANDE JATTE. Setting and subject matter of both paintings. Artistic approaches. Use of color and brush stroke.

From the Paper
"Renoir and Seurat: A Comparison

Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841 1919) and Georges Seurat (1859 1891) were contemporaries whose contributions to the new art of the late 19th century were of enormous significance. This brief report will compare a single painting by each artist. Renoir s Luncheon of the Boating Party (1991) and Seurat s A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884- 1886) were painted at roughly the same time, but the two paintings represent very different styles.

Renoir s Luncheon of the Boating Party is set in an open air restaurant on the Island of Chatou; it depicts friends of the painter amusing themselves. According to Michael Wood (p. 248), Renoir was fond of images of the happy side of human life and preferred to paint carefree, joyous subjects. He was also ..."

Abstract
This paper discusses the context in which the film "Contact's" religious theme surfaces, the pattern of ideas and events that point to the centrality of that theme and the means by which the theme is elaborated over the course of the story. The author believes, even though the film is a science-fiction adventure story, "Contact" can be interpreted as an examination of a human encounter with God as shown in both the resolution of the story line and the attributes of character informing the narrative. This paper explains that the relevance of Paul Tillich's God-concept to "Contact" is the film's use of extraterrestrial life in a modern experience as a proxy for examining the unavoidability of cosmic uncertainty and of the unsettling brush between ordinary experience and the infinite.

From the Paper
"It would be a mistake to consider "Contact" merely a movie "about" religion-science conflict, though Ellie's attempts to articulate the meaning that her space-wormhole experience (and the space program's millisecond of lost radio contact) had for her put her on the verge of saying that the experience was spiritual. For her near-suggestion that the cosmos may include the hand of God, she is essentially shushed in favor of more focus on facts on one hand and accountability for the apparent failure of a very costly science project on the other. That episode is consistent with Carter's view that contemporary culture does not honor but rather trivializes religion: "one should not try to oversimplify the human mind by making religious conviction a ground for invalidating law". In "Contact", what turns out to be Ellie's discovery of a spiritual (not solely spiritual, but not merely scientific, either) connection to the cosmos is what invalidates, and her testimony before a scientific community that does not admit religion into its discourse, even though an explanation without a spiritual dimension does not cover its meaning for her."

Tags:extraterrestrial, spiritual, cosmos, testimony, tillich