Abstract
This paper explains that Netscape Navigator 2.0, the original browser, and Microsoft Internet Explorer 2.0 were both provided as free downloads; both companies expected to make money through sales and advertising to companies using their browsers to drive customers to their websites, but this was a far more significant source of income for Netscape because Microsoft's primary business was not web browsers. The author points out that Netscape's extra features made it larger and slower than Explorer, while providing little actual benefit to users who were seeking information rather than animated butterflies chasing their mouse pointers. The paper relates that both browsers were badly designed, hurried products without testing, but the browser market in 1995 did not allow it. Comparison table.

From the Paper
"During the Browser Wars, standards, where they existed, were usually ignored in favor of adding new, incompatible features as fast as possible. Netscape has support for Java, Javascript and frames, none of which were standard, or supported by Internet Explorer. Netscape strongly encouraged the use of these features in order to make their product relevant. Legitimate uses for these features did and still do exist, but the primary effect was to encourage a huge number of poorly designed websites. Former Open Source Initiative president Eric Raymond accuses authors of pages with an order of magnitude more Javascript that content of "masturbation with Javascript". Netscape fails to support some less flashy, but more useful features found in Explorer, such as individual colors for table cells."

Tags:free, features, hurried, standards, help

Abstract
This paper discusses what programming languages are used in web pages. It describes what database-driven sites are and looks at what a server does. It also discusses issues like the interface and the browser.

From the Paper
"When creating a structure for a website one must take into consideration many attributes that will help in the development of a site targeted to the end users. When making attributes the developer must form a site that is easy to use with a well designed layout that contains valuable resources. Within these attributes the designer must have made a stable system structure that can perform well. For this to occur there are some key basic element that must be in place. These are organized pages or architecture, a server, a good database and the languages."

Tags:database, driven, internet, languages, programming, sites, users

Abstract
The anti-trust lawsuit brought against Microsoft Corporation is based on a variety of Microsoft strategies that are claimed to affect the browser industry at large. This paper analyzes the claims brought against Microsoft, as stated in the anti-trust lawsuit and the defense of Microsoft's business practices, as conveyed by news reports and press releases from the offices of Microsoft executives. These points of view, taken together, are an attempt to determine whether or not Microsoft's business strategies in the browser market have been an illegal method of obtaining a true monopoly of the industry, one which genuinely prohibits alternative browser development by non-Microsoft sources.

From the Paper
"AOL executive John Rose explained to the court that Compaq, one of the industry's leading manufacturers of personal computers, pre-installs both Microsoft and Netscape browsing software on all of its machines. [22] Thus, consumers are free to change their browsers at will, as often as they like. This testimony is a level blow to the idea that consumers are forced to use one type of browser over another. Yet it does not address the fact that when Internet Explorer comes pre-installed on any other type of PC, the end-user will still have easier access to the Internet via IE, if only because it saves the consumer the hassle of having to manually install a separate browser."

Tags:ISP, Gats, browser, Internet, Explorer, Brad, Chase

Abstract
This paper discusses the security issues associated with downloading Java applets, noting that, since the applets are downloadable from web browsers, they present security risks. The paper looks at Java applet's security features, but shows how they are open to being exploited. Other problems with applets, such as browser incompatibility, lack of read/write facility, and the new 'Signed' applet risks, are also explored and the paper notes that they have caused the applet to be slightly more vulnerable to security breaches than should be possible with the application. The paper then relates that these problems are known by Sun, and are therefore likely to be resolved in the near future.

From the Paper
"An applet is a small program ("little application") which is not run on its own, but is rather used as part of another program. A Java Applet is "An application which is written in the Java programming language and is dynamically downloadable by a web browser such as Netscape" (Surveyor.com), Java Applets are intended to be embedded in browsers, and the best way to use them is through such browsers.
The fact that Java Applets are downloadable from web browsers naturally raises concerns about the security of such operations: downloading is one of the main sources of computer viruses and other invasions. Fortunately, the Java Applets conform to a high security standard."

Tags:browser, incompatibility, downloads

Abstract
This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the new technology, VoiceXML. It describes that the technology allows users to interact with the Internet using a telephone or voice browser. It explains how the technology will affect organizations. The paper includes color charts and graphic illustrations.

From the Paper
"The computer of the future understands what we say, will talk to us, show us images and movies, and fit in a palm. The keyboard is not a natural extension of the human body. After all, we do not communicate naturally with a keyboard, but with our voice." (Martin, 2000, The Challenge,5) World Wide Web technologies have, "shifted the landscape for providers of traditional phone services to new set of customers accessing information and services through the Web." (VoiceXML Forum, 2002,1). The standard coding language, Voice eXensible Markup Language (VoiceXML) allows users to interact with the Internet or an intranet using a telephone or voice browser. By enabling speech interactivity, VoiceXML literally acts as "a translator that sits between the content on the Internet and the caller (us)" (Castelluccio, 2002,11). The IDC reported that in 2000 over 1.6 billion telephones (both landline and wireless) were installed throughout the United States. By 2005, that number is expected to nearly double. Although traditional automated telephone services have been used by organizations for decades now, companies are looking towards new, improved, and less costly technology (Penumaka,6-7). With VMXL users are able to call into a "voice browser" by dialing a regular phone number from any wire line or wireless phone. This voice browser allows the caller to surf the Web and interact with Internet and intranet applications hosted on any Web server. An example of a typical application would be a user who requests the flight status for a specific flight by calling into the browser. The voice browser, using speech recognition, recognizes the request and translates it into a travel service provider's URL. The Web server processes the request and responds with a VoiceXML page. The browser interprets this page, and relays the flight information to the "phone surfer" using a prerecorded or synthesized voice.

Tags:browser, communication, interactivity, intranet, recognition, speech, elephone, web

Abstract
In this paper the author examines the Microsoft antitrust case. The paper starts with a look at the Sherman Antitrust Law, which was passed to combat illegal monopolies. The law encompassed trusts that restricted free trade and monopolies, therefore preventing competition. In 1990, the Department of Justice in the U.S. contended that Microsoft had violated the Sherman Antitrust Law. This paper discusses in detail the contents of the case against Microsoft. It includes the claim that Microsoft tied its Internet Explorer browser program to the Windows operating system, in an attempt to exclude the use of other browser programs on Intel powered machines. The author proceeds to discuss the details of the case in-depth, and provides discussions for and against the case. In conclusion, the author reminds us that computers are a relatively new field. He points out that the public does not understand the intricacies of programs and in many cases does not differentiate between manufactures. All that is important to the public is the functionality.

From the Paper
"Utilitarianism is an ethical approach stating that what is useful is good. Morally right is the action that gives the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people. This is the aim of legislation and is the basis for the antitrust laws. It is assumed that the greatest number of people will benefit from the good of competition. Utilitarianism removes the moral decision between right and wrong and determines that what is morally right is what brings the greatest happiness to the most people. John Stuart Mill equated happiness with pleasure and the absence of pain. He identified levels of pleasure, with that of the mind being the highest and that of the body being the lowest. In the case of Microsoft, it could be contended that the few companies and individuals that Microsoft's monopolistic practices have harmed are by far in the minority. Thus, the greatest happiness has come to the greatest number of people through Microsoft's marketing, software developments, and innovative strategies."

Tags:restrict, moral, investigating, business, lawsuits, agressive, software, regulations

Abstract
The paper explains that human interface design is essentially concerned with the way in which the interface, or the interaction between the human and the computer, can be enhanced or made more usable and accessible. The paper explains how one of the central aspects with regard to human interface design is the use of metaphor to enable better and more understandable interaction. The paper notes the difficulties involved in the various attempts to integrate operating systems and the browser interface. The paper discusses the movement in the industry towards the creation of a human - computer interface which is more intuitive and which can use artificial intelligence to anticipate the user's needs and create a more seamless interface between human and machine.

From the Paper
"One of the central aspects with regard to human interface design is the use of metaphor to enable better and more understandable interaction. An insightful article in this regard is Human Interface Design Principles. This article emphasizes the importance of the use of metaphor in interface design. "Metaphors are the building blocks in the user's mental model of a task." (Human Interface Design Principles) The interface designer therefore makes use of concepts and metaphors "...that represent concrete, familiar ideas, and make the metaphors obvious, so that users can apply a set of expectations to the computer environment.""

Tags:computer, technology, concept, metaphor

Abstract
This paper explains that the defenders of non-proprietary software, as opposed to Microsoft's proprietary model, might state that a Microsoft code of ethics is an oxymoron, given the company's perceived rapacity and market dominance, but the Microsoft Corporation does have a formal, published ethical code, which is accessible and formally defined. The author points out that the business code of ethics denies any anti-trust violations without mentioning the lawsuit, states why the Internet browser was wrongly defamed, and does not indicate anything specific as to how the company is achieving anti-trust compliance now. The paper states that the dominance of the firm in the market structure may be socially irresponsible, needlessly gouging consumers, and acting unfairly against rival firms; for a business to be socially responsible, it must fulfill its obligations to its employees, shareholders, consumers, and to the community where it operates at large.

From the Paper
"Microsoft's code of ethics applies to company software development, the legal and financial compliance of all the various national and international facets of its business dealings, and underlines its fair treatment of employees and customers. It is sweeping in its manifesto, but so sweeping it is inclined to be vague. Other than stressing Microsoft's compliance with laws, it is short on specifics as to how these compliance are achieved."

Tags:oxymoron, accessible, antitrust, employees, community

Abstract
Amazon was one of the first successful online business retailers which developed a unique business model. The paper shows that part of the reason Amazon.com was so successful was that the store was not only a convenient place to purchase books, but it was a community of readers. Any shopper or browser could leave online reviews, and thus become a personal part of the community, a part of the Amazon experience themselves. The paper also looks at Amazon's success and future compared to the traditional 'brick and mortar' bookstore.

From the Paper
"However, as the digital marketplace matured e-business models discovered that while delivering goods and services via the Internet was new and exciting, their customers were the same ones which visited brick and mortar stores, and they expected to be treated like a person, not a collection of digital blips crossing each other at the speed of e-tailing. Customers are still people, and in this country, customers are particularly spoiled. They want to be able to get everything now, and have their every whim catered to when and if something goes wrong. The American consumer wants a reason to come back and shop in your e-business just as (s)he wants a reason to return to the local grocery store. Digital retailers realized that the over-valued market and over-extended hype would not continue forever, and as the NASDAQ market corrected itself, e-tailers were sent back to their history books, to relearn the lessons of what makes successful retailing, and how the rules, although bent, had not been broken the e-business revolution."

Tags:e-business, iMALL.com, Circuit, City, B&N

Abstract
Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Company:
Copyright and Public Access

Public Access or Public Interest?
What is public information and what kinds of information are copyrighted? In the age of the Internet where literally millions of pages of documents are available through the use of a modem, a search engine, and a browser, this is a question that needs to be answered. Why?

From the Paper
"Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Company:
Copyright and Public Access

Public Access or Public Interest?
What is public information and what kinds of information are copyrighted? In the age of the Internet where literally millions of pages of documents are available through the use of a modem, a search engine, and a browser, this is a question that needs to be answered. Why? Because what may be legally defined as public information vis-?-vis a database, might in some way be protected under the law. It might be convenient to be able access all the names and phone numbers of out-of-town relatives from a computer desktop. But by doing so, is the letter of the law being violated in reference to our right to privacy? What information..."