Abstract
This paper studies the Bronze Age which was one of the great eras of our European past. It describes the widespread adoption of bronze metallurgy across Europe at the time, as well as the many technological advances. It examines the levels of literacy as well as the society and the writings of the Bronze Age scribes. It also discusses "The Linear B Decipherment" and how Evans continued to study it after the Balkan War. Finally, the paper concludes that the effects of writing and literacy on society were great and significant.

From the Paper
"Anthropologists and archaeologists call certain societies "iron age" or "bronze age." In doing this they recognize that the properties of the main metal used by a society's technology greatly affect both its use and through this the nature of that society. For instance, bronze unlike iron is too soft to be used for ploughing; it is an alloy. Bronze can be smelted at lower temperatures than iron which need specialized supplies of charcoal. All these facts affect societies which use bronze and iron. For example, since bronze cannot be used for ploughing these societies cannot produce in many regions the large agriculture surplus iron societies can; since bronze requires tin bronze age societies had to trade, etc. (Claiborne, 1974) I believe the same parallel exists between the different characteristics of different writing systems and its use as a communication technology in a society."

Tags:Iron, age, Aegean, Bronze, metal, agriculture, technology, literacy, writing, Evans, Linear, B, Decipherment

Abstract
The Renaissance is often said to have begun in 1401, when a competition was held for the commission of a set of bronze panels for the doors of the baptistery of the cathedral of Florence. Lorenzo Ghiberti's winning entry, and his realization of two projects over the course of fifty years at the cathedral are emblematic of the shift in style that marks the early Renaissance. The essay examines this transition from late Gothic to early Renaissance style, including new attention to anatomy and the turn to Classical Antiquity for subject matter. It offers detailed analysis of the content and form of Ghiberti's bronzes on the North Doors as well as his second project on the Paradise Doors.

From the Paper
"In 1398, the Florentine conflict with the Visconti ended in a truce, and the bourgeoisie oligarchy, led by the Calimala guild, was eager to give expression to its democratic ideology. The now-famous competition for the Baptistery doors was announced in 1401, eventually short-listing seven candidates including Jacopo della Quercia, Francesco di Valdambrino, Nicolo Lamberti, Brunelleschi, and Ghiberti, though only the entries of the last two survive. These reliefs vary little stylistically, but Ghiberti's entry displays more fluid and effective organization of the stipulated figures compared to Brunelleschi's cluttered composition. Perhaps more importantly, Ghiberti stands out as having a greater gift for narrative and psychological penetration. He has his extremely foreshortened angel flying into the scene from the background, just in time to stop the sacrifice. Abraham's raised arm and stern gaze manage to suggest both his determination and sorrow, while Isaac recoils from the knife and suddenly looks up to see the angel."

Tags:Donatello Renaissance sculpture, bronze doors, Florence Cathedral

Abstract
In this paper, Blier's analysis of the bronze heads described in this analysis, reveal that the evolution to the heads was stylistic, making Forman's style judgments less valid because of the nature of casting and other techniques involved in creating these objects. Certainly, Foreman would be correct to gauge the difference of heads with longer necks of the latter period-suggesting a change in form, but to generalize about differing periods of history by compartmentalizing "Middle Period" plaques does not display a significant evolution of style or form that Blier defines.

From the Paper
Benin : A Kingdom in Bronze Fiona Tse # 301017853 Arch 302 Nov 12, 2007 Introduction According to oral tradition, the city of Benin is said to be ruled by the Ogiso - Kings of the Sky at about A.D. 900. The tradition remains until the early twelfth century when the Ogiso rule ended and the elders of Benin called on Odudua, the Oni of Ile-Ife - a Yoruba city state - to send

Tags:benin, casts, bronze

Abstract
Alexander Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman" and "The Queen of Spades" are, despite their dissimilarities in terms of form and content, strikingly similar works thematically in that both explore the representation of power and its subversion in literary form. This essay will argue the thesis that both works mingle admiration and criticism in their representations of figures of power. As will be seen, just as the historic figure, statue and city of Peter the Great in "The Bronze Horseman" are unsettled by the tragic story of Eugene, so too in "The Queen of Spades" do we see a towering, Napoleonic figure undermined by fate.

From the Paper
Textual Comparison: Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman" and "The Queen of Spades" Outline Topic: Imagery of Power and Subversion in Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman" and "The Queen of Spades" Thesis: This paper will argue the thesis, through a close textual comparison of Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman" and "The Queen of Spades," that a central characteristic of both poems is their representation and subversion of power. As will be seen, just as the historic figure, statue and city of Peter the Great in "The Bronze Horseman" are unsettled by the

Tags:text, russian, pushkin

Abstract
This paper presents a discussion on "The Bronze Horseman" by Alexander Pushkin. The discussion settles on the message Pushkin gets across in the epic poem regarding his feelings of democracy versus the empire.

Abstract
A study of the literacy culture of the Bronze Age society and how the scribes and drawings were a reflection of the society. A technical analysis of linguistics in the pre-historic culture is included.

From the Paper
"Anthropologists and archaeologists call certain societies "iron age" or "bronze age." In doing this they recognize that the properties of the main metal used by a society's technology greatly affect both its use and through this the nature of that society. For instance, bronze unlike iron is too soft to be used for ploughing; it is an alloy. Bronze can be smelted at lower temperatures than iron which need specialized supplies of charcoal. All these facts affect societies which use bronze and iron. For example, since bronze cannot be used for ploughing these societies cannot produce in many regions the large agriculture surplus iron societies can; since bronze requires tin bronze age societies had to trade, etc. (Claiborne, 1974) I believe the same parallel exists between the different characteristics of different writing systems and its use as a communication technology in a society. "

Tags:writing, linear, script, decipher

From the Paper
"This study will discuss the influence of Alexander Pushkin's narrative poem "The Bronze Horseman" on Andrei Bely's novel "Petersburg". The study will consider the symbolism of both works, focusing on the symbolic significance of the statue of Peter the Great and of the city and society of Petersburg itself.

It is obvious immediately that the novel by Bely owes a debt to the poem by Pushkin. The epigraph which begins the first chapter of the novel is taken directly from Pushkin's poem:
It was a dreadful time, in truth,
Of it still fresh the recollection . . .
Of it, my friends, I now for you
Begin my comfortless narration.
Lugubrious will be my tale.

It is, then, a serious and often solemn tale which Bely ... "

Abstract
This paper studies the work of poet Alexander Pushkin. The author examines the poem "The Bronze Horseman", its themes of reform and terror, the symbolism of the poem, the characters of the poem, style and figures of speech used by the poet. The author looks at how this poem relates to the poet's life and other works.

From the Paper
"From the very beginning of his poem, Pushkin apparently wishes to demonstrate to the reader that his poem is about a real event and a real subject, why this is so important remains unclear. Pushkin "cites his sources," much as a college student today is required to list his or her own consulted sources on a "Works Cited" page. The poem "The Bronze Horseman" is about a real event, a flood that occurred in St. Petersburg. It is also about a real statue located in St. Petersburg but Pushkin does not make any claims about the real nature of the statue, only about the reality of the flood."

Tags:terror, reform, pushkin, 18th, century, Russia, Tzar

Abstract
Discusses Hellenistic style, the expression of the subject who is depicted singing, artistic conventions, Greek and Roman attitudes toward Africans, and the Roman Empire's perspective of race, with an emphasis on achievements of people.

From the Paper
"After the conquest of Greece and other parts of the Mediterranean by Rome, Roman artisans began incorporating the different styles of art from other nations into their artwork, as well as making improvements on techniques and materials used..."

From the Paper
"This paper surveys the Bronze Age in ancient China, which covers a period from approximately 1600 to 600 B.C. That is, it begins more or less coincidentally with the so-called Shang Dynasty, and continues through the first half or so of the so-called Chou Dynasty, covering the Western Chou period (1122-771 B.C.) and most of the Spring and Autumn period (722-481 B.C.), named after one of the Chinese literary classics, The Spring and Autumn Annals.

The earliest bronze in China was found to date from about the beginnings of the Shang dynasty, and probably represents a shift in economic and political power catalyzed by technological innovation, as is known to have happened during the Neolithic/Bronze transition in the Mediterranean region. The major Shang cities, the capital of An-Yang and two other major cities.."