Abstract
This essay discusses how economists and other critics of Canada's traditional broadcasting policies have questioned government policies such as Canadian content quotas for television. They have argued that regulations have created government failures, including the protection of the interests of cable companies and the producers of poor quality shows that few people want to watch. The essay points out that this is true, but that there are legitimate reasons for Canadian public broadcasting.

Tags:canadian, broadcasting

Abstract
The paper looks at the lengthy past of CBS and how it established itself as an industry leader time and again in the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s (particularly the 1950s) and beyond. After tracing the rich history of the organization, the paper then looks at the business organization of CBS. Chiefly, time is devoted to looking at the organization's willingness to place itself in the vanguard of new technological advances, at its tight, "top-down" organizational style (at least under the leadership of William S. Paley) and at its ability to put money into projects that yield long-term gains - not least of all because CBS appears to have been a forward-thinking organization that understood, arguably before other broadcasters did, that a strong reputation in one area of business would lead to collateral benefits in other areas of the business. Finally, the paper looks at how the CBS business model has found time and space for advancing women and minorities - a sure sign that, even if its organizational flow-chart is not appreciably different from other broadcasters, its organizational culture surely is. In the end, the paper concludes that the Columbia Broadcasting Corporation is a good instance of an organization that has used the uncertainty of being in an industry where the technology and expectations are changing constantly to its advantage.

Tags:columbia, broadcasting, corporation

Abstract
The paper discusses how ever since mass media began, with the advent of radio in the early 20th century, the possibility has existed for these media to build democratic societies. The paper explains that due to the fact that this is in the public interest, it has been public broadcasting institutions that have been important in harnessing mass media to build democratic societies. The paper discusses how in the earliest days of mass media, all was controlled by public bodies, but very soon private ownership emerged, notably in the USA. The paper explains how this inevitably lead to tensions between private ownership and public control over media institutions - would media be controlled by private, profit-driven owners, or by public institutions that presumably had the general good and democracy as their goals?

From the Paper
"Ever since mass media began, with the advent of radio in the early 20th century, the possibility has existed for these media to build democratic societies. Due to the fact that this is in the public interest, it has been public broadcasting institutions that have been important in harnessing mass media to build democratic societies. In the earliest days of mass media, all was controlled by public bodies, but very soon private..."

Tags:media, democracy, broadcasting

Abstract
This paper examines how the continuing advance of the Internet in world communication is beginning to have a significant impact on International broadcasting. Both positive and negative aspects of this development are cited and discussed.

From the Paper
"The continuing advance of the Internet in world communication is beginning to have a significant impact on international broadcasting both from a positive and a negative standpoint. The Internet has profoundly affected radio and TV broadcasting in a variety of ways that have changed the demographics of media consumers and altered the way they access and use media. In addition it has created a shift in broadcasting concerns to include increased emphasis on such issues as intellectual property rights, disinformation, the role and..."

Tags:international, Internet, radio, TV, broadcasting, network

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses why it is important to understand the institutional framework of broadcasting when analyzing how audiences are addressed. The writer examines the roles of the audience as public and as market, as well as the need for cultural literacy. Further, the writer explains why context is important.

From the Paper
"Why is it important to understand the institutional framework of broadcasting when analyzing how audiences are addressed? The institutional framework of broadcasting is the context from which any analysis of audiences is framed and therefore it is vital to understand that framework when analyzing how audiences are addressed. Within the framework is the concept of the audience's role which according to Ang is either the audience-as-public or the audience-as-market a distinction that evidences what the broadcaster intends for the public to do with what it is broadcasting ..."

Tags:broadcast, cultural literacy, Ang, audience, audience-as-public, audience-as market

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the basic idea behind Public Service Broadcasting in Australia is to serve the public without aiming to make profit. The writer points out that public broadcasters acquire money from the government, which collects taxes, and use this money to make programs for the public. The writer explains that on the other hand, commercial broadcasting's main aim is to produce programs in order to make money. The writer then discusses that the scope of public broadcasting is to cover the area, which the commercial sector of broadcasting does not cover due to the profit concerns. Thus, the writer maintains that Public Service Broadcasting's interests are (or should be) the cultural and social values that can be and must be included into the production, meeting public's needs of broadcasting in terms of education, multicultural affairs and citizenship in a democratic society.

From the Paper
"In Australia, the ABC and SBS are Public Service Broadcasting channels. They have the advantage of being free of profit making concerns, so they should provide news and current affair programs through regionally specific services. Besides, a diverse range of people who have different tastes or specialized demands should be considered as a matter of concern by Public Service Broadcasting. These public channels are also expected to produce high-quality content, which contains arts and sciences. Therefore, society can benefit from different cultural insights, on the one hand. On the other, the public can be educated on citizenship values and an accurate understanding of democracy. Finally this leads to the creation and development of a national culture and consciousness of being Australian, which includes understanding of multiculturalism and integration of differences."

Tags:commercial, programs, production, values

Abstract
This paper analyzes the increasing commercialization of public broadcasting. In recent years, public broadcasters have significantly expanded the scope of donor and underwriting acknowledgments. This expanded scope means that promotional slogans and even corporate logos may be aired. The result is that many of public broadcasting's underwriting announcements are virtually indistinguishable from commercials. The paper rejects suggestions that allowing limited commercial advertisements to penetrate public broadcasting might alleviate the serious funding strains public broadcasting faces.

From the Paper
"The controversy surrounding American public broadcasting's increasing commercialization has reached deafening proportions in recent years. Although the Federal Communications Act of 1934 uniformly prohibits noncommercial broadcasters from airing advertisements promoting any specific product or service, the interpretation of that guideline has over many years been stretched significantly as a result of several Federal Communication Commission (FCC) rulings. Public broadcasting's enhanced underwriter announcements increasingly mimic commercial broadcast advertisements. However, allowing public broadcast stations to sell traditional commercial advertisements in any way would greatly undermine the goals and spirit of the American public broadcasting system. While some funding alternatives have been suggested, a concrete and sustainable remedy for the long-term financial health of the U.S. public broadcasting system has yet to be realized."

Tags:advertising, commercials, communications, corporation, cpb, marketing, pbs, television

Abstract
The paper explores how forceful the CRTC is when it comes to promoting multicultural broadcasting; the paper also looks at how aboriginal broadcasters have been treated by the CRTC since the early 1990s. Thereafter, the paper looks at how ethnic/multicultural broadcasters are licensed and why some might possibly be denied a license. Needless to say, in looking at how the CRTC seeks to engage and protect as many cultural groups as possible, a brief discussion is entertained looking at the potential dichotomy between the broad support for multiculturalism in broadcasting and the idea of promoting "Canadian cultural sovereignty". From there, the paper looks at how multicultural programming benefits the health of minority communities and at how non-ethnic broadcasters are treated when it comes to their ability to broadcast ethnic programs. Lastly, the paper explores how the CRTC interprets the federal legislation impacting upon it and how the case law appears to substantiate the CRTC's bold view of its own place in the regulatory framework of Canada. Finally, the paper concludes by looking at why multicultural broadcasting is needed in this country and why it also needs to be regulated - even if the CRTC occasionally gets things wrong.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at multicultural and ethnic broadcasting in Canada and the manner in which the CRTC has gone about ensuring that multiculturalism flourishes on Canadian airwaves. Specifically, the paper will explore how forceful the CRTC is when it comes to promoting multicultural broadcasting; the paper will also look at how aboriginal broadcasters (maybe the most under-appreciated ethnic broadcasters of all)..."

Tags:multiculturalism, canada, commission

Abstract
Discusses funding issues of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and the Public Broadcasting System (PBS). Impact of the increase of corporate funding to replace cuts in government funding. Problem of continued viewer financial support. Makeup & budget of PBS. Response of Presidental administrations to funding public broadcasting. Canadian system.

From the Paper
"In order for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and the Public Broadcasting System to survive and flourish as they have for the last three decades, the issue of funding is of vital importance. Recent efforts by political enemies of PBS to cut funding have forced the issues of government funding and of alternative funding methods onto the national agenda. PBS has responded by considering different ways of bringing in revenues to replace government funding in case such funding is cut. One of the ways being explored is increased corporate funding, even to the point of showing commercials on public television. This challenges the way PBS has always operated, raises questions about continuing viewer support, and might remove the appearance of independence that has marked the network since its inception. To date, PBS has not gone so far as to sell commercials as..."

Abstract
This paper examines and evaluates the impact that international broadcasting has had on the cultural, political, and economical landscape of society. These factors are examined in terms of the impacts affected by law, communication, advertising or public relations.
Outline
Introduction
A New Era in the Federal Communications Commission
Time Periods Inclusive of the Radio Age
The United States was not the Leader of the Pack in the Beginning
1920 - 1934 Radio Industries Beginning
1935 - 1950: Exchanges and Advances in the Radio Industry
Radio Broadcasting on an International Basis
The Mission of the Public Broadcasting Network
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Broadcasting has greatly impacted society on an international level and has affected every aspect of life in terms of economically, politically and socially as well as spurring developments in the field of the law, revenues in advertising and advances beyond the wildest dreams of the originators of broadcasting in terms of communications. The once very large world is much smaller due to broadcasting advances and news that took days and even weeks or months to make the rounds is now heard simultaneously throughout the entire globe. Certainly broadcasting on an international basis has propelled globalization and just may have even given birth to the global society in existence today."

Tags:communication, global