Abstract
This paper points to effects that the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars had in shaping British national identity. It also shows the effect French culture had in dividing British culture, the differences in the monarchy and government between the two countries, and how these threats of French influence united the British people.

From the paper:

"Linda Colley?s book is entitled 'Britons', yet her intellectual history of the era between 1707-1837 it contains a sizeable amount of information about the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. One of her book?s central contentions is that it was England?s relationship with and against France that enabled to England to fully define itself as a nation and for the concept of the British people as ?Britons? to be developed. The French Revolution both threatened the ?Briton?s? safety as a nation and its ideology. It was this threat and this challenge that enabled all of these new ?Britons? to form a more cohesive sense as a people. Furthermore, the fear that the French Revolution sparked in the hearts of the British elites and the British government enabled the monarchy to be reformed without being overthrown."

Tags:England, French, Napolean, nationalism

Abstract
This paper is an analysis of Linda Colley's account of the reasons for nationhood in Great Britain in her book "Britons: Forging the Nation 1707 to 1837." The focus of the analysis is how Colley maintains that unity in the United Kingdom was forged through nationalism, warfare and Protestantism.

From the Paper
"In her approach to British history from 1707 to 1837, Linda Colley provides a unique perspective in 'Britons Forging the Nation.' Any nation that forges itself to the heights of Britain during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century is state wrought by many forces. In 'Britons' Colley maintains that though religion i. e. Protestantism was a significant factor in the rise of Britain and Britishness, growth of trade among the lower-classes and the external threat of warfare played a more important role in shaping the nation..."

Tags:British, Scotland, Scots, Catholicism, French, oligarchy, monarchy, middle-classes, commerce, trade, industrialism, American Revolution, citizens, prejudice, patriotism

Abstract
This detailed paper covers the history of Britain from 1707 to 1837. Historical revisionist Linda Colley mixes historical fact with her interpretations of this time period and is able to come up with a coherent, albeit not too accurate, emphasis on this restrictive 130 year period in the long history of England, Briton and British nationalism.
Topics covered in this paper include:
Thesis Statement
England in 1707 and the Preceding Critical Years
British History Beginning with George I and ending with Queen Victoria - 1707-1837
Enter George II
The Reign of George III and the Regency
The Prince Regent's Reign
Conclusions
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Scotland to the North and the Irish isles became the focal points of the conflicts along with the long standing warring with France across the Channel. The French in fact many times used the Irish isles as a jumping off point to initiate campaigns designed to conquer the unconquerable British Isles. These French and English wars were taking place long before Colley's period of study and lasted long after the period as well."

Tags:feminism, history, britain, UK, nationalism

Abstract
In this article, the writer presents an examination of the interplay of war and religion in building British identity, with reference to international trade and commerce and military confrontation. The writer looks at connecting power and belief as the main component of British national identity.

From the Paper
"Many attempts at nationalism are crafted through a common culture and language. In Britain Colley maintains the Scots and British were transformed into Englishmen by multiple forces. Instead of using a common culture religion or language however the British and Scots forged a nation because of two common enemies France and Catholicism. One was political and the other was religious which means one was connected to power and the other was connected to belief. Both were combined in Catholic France. Colley argues that Protestantism was the foundation that made ..."

Tags:Great Britain, British, trade, commerce, French wars, national identity, religious warfare

Abstract
This paper reviews and summarizes Linda Colley's "Briton Forging the Nation: 1707-1837". The paper describes Colley concerns in the book, amongst other things, about the overemphasis of historical study of British identity during 1707-1837. The author goes on to discuss Colley's examination of the history of the period and her psychohistorical interpretation of the self destruction and erosion of British patrician life. The paper explains why Colley thinks that the social upheaval in Britain at the time is necessary in order to generate a truer sense of British identity and values.

From the Paper
"Britain went through a specific and intensive period of socio-cultural differentiation within society 1707-1837. Those concerned with the progression of British identity saw the island nation's identity being too dependent on commercial interests and perceived social revolutions of ideas that were encouraging debate and turmoil within society, instead of unity. While this initially might be considered healthy debate in the development of the Democratic society of free-flowing ideas, Colley expresses concerns that the original fundamental base of British identity was being convoluted, due to introduction to British society of too outside influences that where overemphasized."

Tags:socio-cultural differentiation, british identity

Abstract
This paper discusses Briton's quotation in relation to a program of resistance which was designed by Vaclav Havel, the past president of Czechoslovakia. According to this paper, Havel maintained that social justice could be achieved though a plan of ethical action and meaningful social engagement. He belongs to a culture where artists and intellectuals are deeply committed to both democratic government and the common good. The concept of the power of the powerless is based in the conviction that the center of power is also the center of truth.

From the Paper
"The power of those who choose to oppose the system - The Power of the Powerless -lies not in directly confronting the system but in denying it in principle...making a choice to live in the truth and refusing to live in the lie" (Briton 102). Briton's quotation is in relation to a program of resistance which was designed by Vaclav Havel, the past president of Czechoslovakia. Havel maintained that social justice could be achieved though a plan of ethical action and meaningful social engagement. He belongs to a culture where artists and intellectuals are deeply committed to both democratic government and the common good."

Tags:injustice, resistance, education

Abstract
This paper uses the resources of Linda Colley?s "Britons," a book about how such an identity came to be. It shows that the religion, British Protestantism, and its unique monarchy, as well as imperialistic dominance all played a part in creating a pride in being British.

From the paper:

"The United Kingdom today, along with France and Germany, is thought of as having one of the strongest senses of national identity of any country in the current European Community. Yet this was not always the case. How did a concept of ?Englishness? or ?Britishness? develop and solidify in the national consciousness? How did this small island nation of Scots, Welsh, and Anglo-Irish, and Anglos form a cohesive sense of themselves? Linda Colley?s book 'Britons' attempts to answer this question."

Tags:England, Britons, U.K., religion, kingdom, imperialism

Abstract
Paper discusses dimension of "Wide Sargasso Sea" in terms of the white Creole identity of its heroine that shapes pivotal events of her life after the emancipation of Jamaica's slaves. Her childhood is affected by her mother's madness, towards an unhappy marriage to a young Briton who believes what he is told about his wife's likely madness, too, though he is more upset by the adjustment interior Jamaican culture requires of him; Antoinette, the heroine, does succumb to mental illness, too. Notes on the stereotype of the hybrid colonial women as susceptible to excitability and violent psychosis, a reason that many Britons avoided marriage with colony-born persons of mixed ancestry throughout the Empire.

From the Paper
Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea & Ideas of the Mad Hybrid Woman. Introduction Colonized areas forever produce hybrid populations as a regular aspect of empires and colonies in human history. In 1966, Jean Rhys received acclaim for her novel Wide Sargasso Sea whose heroine, Antoinette Cosway, is a Jamaican Creole much of whose fate is shaped by the politics of Jamaica after Emancipation. Jean Rhys (1890-1979) was born into a Creole family in Dominica. Her mother was a local 'white Creole' and her father a Welsh doctor. In the 19^th century Jamaica of Wide Sargasso Sea many domiciled whites -

Tags:rhys, sargasso sea, hybrid women

Abstract
Although no actual historical accounts of a King Arthur exist, his reputation is certainly legendary. Whatever the case, the deeds of Arthur, fictitious or not, developed into an immense body of romantic stories that have provided a glorious past for the Britons. This paper looks at the history of the Arthurian legends beginning with "De Excidio et Conauestu Britanniae" (c.540) by the Roman-Welsh citizen, Gildas, through Geoffrey of Monmouth's popular "History of the Kings of Britain" (c. 1136) and concluding with Sir Thomas Malory's "Morte D'Arthur (c. 1470), based on both English and French Arthurian traditions.

From the Paper
"The development of the Arthurian legend reflects medieval political and nationalistic concerns. A great deal of fiction in the guise of fact, the legend of Arthur provided a glorious past for the Britons who wanted to believe that they could trace their ancestry to Aeneas in Troy, as suggested by Geoffrey and Layamon. Geoffrey indeed realized this desire to satisfy the need to know one's roots when he created what he did not know in his History. In a turbulent age when acts of violence founded countries, kingdoms, and even families, the emergence of a strong leader capable of combating the discord with violent acts of his own appealed to the people and gave them both justification for their present state and hope for their future. With his series of expanding conquests, power being the ultimate authorizing force (might makes right), Arthur embodies the Celtic good by legally legitimizing and glorifying territorial victories much like the Norman Conquest. Thus, Arthur was a national hero who unified the Britons and prevented them from fighting amongst themselves so much that outside forces could easily defeat them."

Tags:Ambrosius, Aurelianus, Culwch, Olwen, Vulgate, Cycle

Abstract
This paper examines technological disasters in the airline industry. In particular it looks at the British jet aircraft industry after the accidents. It allows us to gain insight into what people?s conceptions were, and why certain events unfolded as they did. It shows us how people can learn from technological disasters, and even though they seem catastrophic at the time, they give us the necessary tools to insure that such disasters do not happen again.

From the paper:

"The Comet planes, operated predominantly by BOAC had established Britain as both a successful pioneer and leader in civil jet aviation. However, several American companies, including Boeing, were in hot pursuit of de-Havilland, fighting for their share of the new civil jet market. ?The Comets symbolized to Britons their nation?s pre-eminence in jet aviation,? 5 and so the accidents came as a devastating blow, both in the short and long term. In the aftermath of the accidents, all Comets were grounded pending investigation, causing huge problems and losses."

Tags:aeroplanes, aircraft, airplanes, aviation, boac, jetliners, jets, planes