Abstract The country of Great Britain is arguably the first country to ever experience the impact of new economies, based primarily in their position as a leader in new social and technological innovations. Great Britain's acceptance of change placed it in the position to profit financially from changes within their social system, indicating that the recent history of this country's economy can be traced to various social trends. This paper describes the transitions in the economy of Great Britain from the Agricultural Revolution to the recent day, with a focus on the economic rise and fall of the country.
Abstract This paper takes a look at the history of professional police forces in Britain, the US, and Australia, starting in the 18th century. Includes an analysis of the how the general population regards police.
From the Paper "The modern day police force is often taken for granted. People assume that the police will always be there whenever needed and probably always have been. A second thought is rarely ever entered into of the origins of the police force. But it was not until the nineteenth century that a police force remotely similar to what we have come to know in the present time emerged. In times of rapid social change and widespread disorder, a force of individuals became necessary to uphold and enforce the public law."
Abstract This paper traces the rise of industrialism in Britain in the 19th century. It examines the innovations in food production, transportation, and migration of the population to the cities and the problems that resulted.
Abstract This essay studies the old hesitation of the United Kingdom between its special relationship with America and its commitment towards European integration. It also tries to find what would be in the interest of Britain and if the concept of 'Transatlantic bridge' is still viable today. The challenge of the EU membership is also discussed.
From the Paper "For a long time, Britain's policy toward the foreign world has been the one of aloofness, thinking itself as a "Nation apart". Its fast industrial development and economic growth occurring during the 18th Century, coupled with the defeat of Napoleonic France in 1815 and the harmlessness of a still developing America, allowed Britain to play an unrivalled role on the world stage in the mid-nineteenth Century. The United Kingdom was then at the centre of a world wide Empire covering a quarter of land area of the world and leading an even more extended trading network. Britain's position as a leading world power permitted thus to the country to stand alone by itself and rely neither on Europe nor on the United-States."
Abstract This paper explains that, in modern Britain, social class is one of the most powerful structures of social organization. The author discusses this phenomena as a legacy of the British Empire and colonialism.
From the Paper "Class remains one of the most powerful structures of social organization in Britain; one of the factors that determines the trajectory of a person's life. But, this does not mean that class is a simple concept -- a matter of accent joined to old school tie. "
Abstract The paper discusses how for a brief time in the latter half of the 19th century, there was a huge increase in communications and cordial relations between Great Britain and China. However, this had nothing to do with friendship, or any kind of warm relationships. The paper explains that on the side of China, diplomacy seemed the wisest course of action for the faltering Ch'ing dynasty. On the British side, diplomacy was pursued purely in the interests of commerce. These two assertions can clearly be shown by examining relations between the two countries during the time period 1860 to 1864.
Abstract This paper provides an overview and analysis of Steven Vertovec's newly developed theory of 'super-diversity, as seen in the United Kingdom. The paper further discusses how the type and intensity of diversity in the United Kingdom has changed drastically in recent years. The discussion focuses on how this concept of super-diversity evolved and developed out of the British concept of multiculturalism and how super-diversity relates to or within the theory of multiculturalism. The paper includes a history of British multiculturalism.
Outline:
Introduction
Diversity in Britain Super-Diversity
Conclusion
From the Paper " In the traditional sense of diversity in Britain, the imperial past of the empire created many transnational connections that have occurred as a result of the economic networks of multinational corporations. In addition this diversity has increased through the flow of capital, the migration of labour and the spread of ideas and information (Gardiner & Matthews 2000). The authors also insists that the advent of the internet has created a free movement of information which means that British culture is now available to many regardless of political boundaries."
Tags: multiculturalism, super-diversity, ethnicity, United, Kingdom, Britain, immigration
Abstract In an era of rising globalisation and in a divided world under a war against terrorism, to which side of the Atlantic Britain's economic and political future is likely to tend? This paper argues that Britain is likely to remain tied up with America and will rely essentially on the latter to determine its international position, especially if the U.K. does not manage to rehabilitate its credibility in continental Europe as a reliable partner and supporter of close co-operation.
Outline:
Britain's Constant Efforts to Privilege Its "Special Relationship" With the U.S.
The U.K.'s Historical Distinctiveness From the Continent
Political Pragmatism as a Constant in British Politics
The Emphasis on the 'Special Relationship' as the Pillar of U.K.-U.S. Military and Security Cooperation
Britain Facing European Issues of the Euro and the European Treaty: Britain At Crossroads With Europe
Britain's Political Class's Inability to Overcome Schisms on the Question of Europe
Britain Out of "Euro-Land"
The European Treaty and Britain's Vital Choice
Conclusion
From the Paper "Nevertheless, within the process of decolonisation, the UK was faced with the dismantling of its colonial empire. The association of former dominions within the Commonwealth did not manage to make Britain's trade with former colonies flourish. Moreover, in the context of the Cold War, Britain had to realise its incapacities to intervene militarily in the world without the support and assent of the U.S.: this was the case when the Anglo-French expedition in Suez failed in 1956, making the 'special relationship' with the U.S. more unbalanced. Finally, facing the importance of its relative economic decline, the UK had to take into account the fact that most of its international trade was alimented by and with Europe. Indeed, Jones and Kavanagh recall that already in 1875, the UK's trade with Europe constituted 51% of the national GDP (JONES & KAVANAGH, 1998: 226). "
Abstract This paper recounts the role that Canadian pilots played in the Battle of Britain, helping the Royal Air Force achieve victory over the Luftwaffe. The paper praises their accomplishments and bravery. It illustrates how the Canadians were a major factor in Britain's victory. Canadians provided the machines, training, and pilots that won the battle for the airspace over Britain. The paper concludes that Canada gave a huge commitment to the Battle of Britain, and that without Canadian warplanes, training, and pilots, the Battle of Britain would not have turned out as an allied victory.
From the Paper "As part of the Commonwealth Air Training Plan, there was an all-Canadian squadron in the Royal Air Force with a Canadian commanding officer. The squadron had to be made up of only new recruits because none of the other commanders wanted to part with their Canadian fliers. One hundred Canadian pilots fought in the Battle of Britain. They accounted for 130 shot down, 30 planes that were probably shot down, but never confirmed and over 70 enemy aircraft damaged. This a high score for men that were not fighting over their own country, and were kept on constant alert for 5 months.The destruction and damage to the German aircraft kept countless bombs from falling as panicking aircrews dropped their bombs early to lighten their planes escape back over the English Channel. Johnny Kent's spectacular forty-on-one dogfight best demonstrates the bravery of the Canadian pilots. He managed to dodge the attackers and shoot down one fighter before returning to a safe hanger."
Tags: royal, air, force, British, German, fighter, pilot
A comparison between America and Britain, where freedom of religion is guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution, while Britain has no written constitution and yet maintains freedom of religion in a number of ways.
Abstract The writer looks at the levels of religious tolerance by the British government and subsequent formation of America's standard. The paper explains that while both the United States and Britain have long traditions of religious freedom, Britain had more bloody confrontations over religion in her history than America has had. The writer provides background information on religion in Britain and provides relative information for America.
From the Paper "Religious freedom in Britain was achieved gradually from the 17th century to the present. Laws that discriminated against minority religious groups were gradually administered less harshly and then finally repealed, and heresy ceased to be a legal offense with the passage of the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act of 1677. The Toleration Act of 1688 granted freedom of worship to Protestant minority groups. The Test and Corporation Act was repealed in 1828 to give nonconformists full political rights, after which it was possible for them to be appointed to public office. Roman Catholics gained political rights with the Roman Catholic Relief Act of 1829."
Abstract Britain first joined the European Union (E.U.) in 1973, with the support of the majority of the British public. However, since then the public has become increasingly sceptical towards the E.U. This paper assesses Britain's relationship with the E.U., both past and present and attempts to account for the reasons behind the relationship and attitudes towards the E.U. (both from a political and social view). It looks at the extent to which the policies of the three main UK political parties and the U.K. Independence Party (UKIP) indicate that they want Britain to be at the heart of the E.U. It also discusses the views of the British public towards issues such as the E.U. Constitution and the Euro.
Outline:
Introduction
Britain Does Not Want to be at the Heart of the EU
Conclusion
Justification of Research Methods
From the Paper "Compared to other member states, there is a very low level of support for the EU in Britain. The 2002 survey by Eurobarometer survey found that 32% of the British public supported EU membership, while 27% of the population was against it. The level of support is much lower than in countries such as Luxembourg - where 81% of the population supports EU membership and only 3% opposes it - and Germany, where 52% support membership of the EU, while only 9% of the population is opposed to membership. The level of support in Britain is also much lower than the EU average; 53% of people in the 15 member states support their countries' membership of the EU and only 11% are opposed to it . "
Abstract An informative paper about the Battle of Britain during WWII. The author examines the Battle of Britain: how Germany attacked Britain, the strategy she used and the outcome of the attacks.
From the Paper "As it became apparent that France was about to succumb to the Nazi menace, Winston Churchill rose in Parliament in an effort to rally his countrymen to the cause of fighting such a seemingly invincible enemy as Germany and the Nazis. "The Battle of France is over. I expect that the battle of Britain is about to begin. Hitler knows that he will have to break us in this island or lose the war." Indeed two days earlier, on June 16, 1940, Churchill had said much the same thing in a letter to the Common Wealth Prime Ministers. In that letter, he noted that the main danger would come from airborne landings, and an attempt by Hitler to run an invading force across the English Channel. "
Tags: air, america, hitler, luftwaffe, power, raf, supremacy, us
Abstract This paper argues that while there are indeed risks involved, as well as certain losses in terms of national patrimony, the economic gains to be had from Britain joining the euro community outweigh these. The paper argues that even if the economic opportunities were not in and of themselves sufficient motivation, there would also be the consideration of political power. It shows that if Britain remains outside of 'euroland' it will cede more power to Germany than perhaps is wise to do, given the history of Germany imperialism in Europe. The paper gives an overall history of the euro to further understand Britain's dilemma.
From the Paper "It has been extraordinarily successful. But the success of the euro can only be as great as the economic realities underlying each country, and while some of the European economies are in good shape others are not. And with so many different economies to balance, it is hard to imagine an historical moment during which they will all be healthy. This fact must make those in Britain considering the adoption of the euro a little concerned given that Britain's economy may be called upon to prop up weaker ones. "
Abstract This study observes the value of exports in Britain between the years 1910-39. This period is an important one as it shows the final years of the Victorian economy, the entire WWI economy, the interwar period, and the outset of WWII. Looking at the value of exports is particularly informative as it demonstrates the end of the British empire as it was known during the 19th century; i.e., the end of Britain's position as the 'workshop of the world', and its slow but sporadic transformation in the interwar period. By looking at both non-manufactured and specific manufactured goods, great insight can be gained into Britain's transition from a highly international market, to a wartime market, and ultimately a closed domestic market. 3 pgs. 0f/c. 1b.
Abstract This paper explores the reasons why the nation of Great Britain is so against the European Union. It explains that Great Britain is one of the most notable hold-outs to joining the union. Great Britain has steadfastly refused to join the union or to convert its traditional currency to the Euro. This refusal to join continues and has a great deal of support among the British people.
From the Paper "The British people take a great deal of pride in their nationality, more so than most any other nation of Europe. The British people are proud of being British. They have their national songs, their national traditions, national holidays, and national identity. This identity is wrapped up in over one thousand years worth of rich cultural history, during which time the people of the British Isles created a culture that is uniquely and easily identifiable as British. The British people, therefore, are loathe to give up this unique sense of nationality, this sense that they are unlike any other nation in the world, and adopt the common, homogenized mantle of being simple a "European nation." In fact, the British people can realistically be expected to fight strongly against joining the European Union, simply due to their strong nationalist feelings."
Tags: euro, pride, national, support, english, brit
