Abstract
This paper explains that Lind Stout's 1996 book "Bridging the Class Divide" is meant to help middle-class activists. The author points out that the book includes the way to wage more inclusive and effective progressive movements.

From the Paper
"A progressive from a working class background in "Bridging the Class Divide", author Lind Stout provides an account of how middle-class activists may be unaware that the contribute to the class divide that occurs within current social ..."

Tags:oppression, activism, class, working-class, middle-class, low-income, Linda Stout, politics, progressive movements

Abstract
The paper discusses how Brake utilizes Kenney's assessments by creating a clinical evaluation of how nurses react to new theories, and the results provide positive for changes to the criterion for further educational standards for nursing practitioners. The paper relates that this chapter also defines the various solutions that can provides nurses with more awareness of theoretical approaches, along with the necessary studies that will accommodate theories that still need to be tested for their objective validity.

Tags:brake, theory, practice

Abstract
This is a paper about bridges. The author examines their function, history and design. Much attention is paid to different types of bridges such as arch, suspension, move-able bridges and floating bridges.

From the Paper
" A bridge is a structure designed to provide continuous passage over an obstacle. Bridges commonly carry highways, railroad lines, and pathways over obstacles such as waterways, deep valleys, and other transportation routes. Bridges may also carry water, support power cables, or house telecommunications lines.(1)
Some special types of bridges are defined according to function. An overpass allows one transportation route, such as a highway or railroad line, to cross over another without traffic interference between the two routes. The overpass elevates one route to provide clearance to traffic on the lower level while still letting the higher level flow easily. An aqueduct transports water. Aqueducts have historically been used to supply drinking water to densely populated areas. A viaduct carries a railroad or highway over a land obstruction, such as a valley.(1)"

Tags:arch, supsension

Abstract
This paper discusses the role of business in bridging the gap between social changes and economic activity. In the past two decades we have seen a rapid increase in the power and influence of American corporations that operate globally. These large firms are responsible for bringing changes in social and cultural values of other nations and hence seen as a threat to their national identity.

From the Paper
"With large corporations and multinationals literally ruling the world, one comes to the conclusion that business activity is largely responsible for social and economic development of civilizations. This is evident from the recent trends that we have witnessed in the world. Businesses of various kinds are dominating all spheres of life and any positive and negative trend in economic activity eventually casts its influence on society and social development. It is important to pay close attention to recent events in order o understand how social development is directly linked with business and economic activity. After the demise of communism in late 1980s, capitalism suddenly gained more influence and power than any other system of the economy. With rise in the strength of capitalism, the countries supporting this system automatically gained more power as they now had the reason to believe that their economic system was better than socialism as the latter had led to disintegration of one of the most powerful nations."

Tags:economy, social, business, capitalization, capitalism, globalization

Abstract
The paper discusses three solutions that address the generation gap between parents and children. The paper explains how parents must not go too far in their friendship, but they must also be careful not to be too much of a disciplinarian, they must be supportive of the concerns that a child is facing and must speak to children seriously without patronizing them, and finally, communication between parents and children must not be avoided. The paper believes that as both parents and children become more willing to talk to one another, the generation gap slowly recedes and the friendship and shared experiences that were underneath the anxiety and misunderstandings are better able to emerge.

From the Paper
"Very often, parents talk down to their children without meaning to. They think that the child cannot understand adult concepts and so they must present them in a way that they make more sense to children. That is true to a point, but children are very perceptive and often smarter and more understanding than people give them credit for (Casterline, 2009). When things are not explained to them they feel as though they have been left out and they think that they do not matter or that their parents cannot trust them with any information. In trying to help a child and 'be nice,' a parent can actually patronize that child and make him or her feel stupid and uncomfortable. Children should be talked to in the most adult way that they can understand when information has to be given to them, especially about a very serious or grave situation (Casterline, 2009).
"Third, communication between parents and children is difficult, but it must not be avoided (Casterline, 2009). A lot of parents simply do not talk to their children because they are not sure what to say. Those same children do not talk to their parents because they do not feel as though their parents would understand. They want to talk to their friends, but they are not interested in talking to anyone older. They assume (wrongly) that their parents never had to deal with these kinds of things, or that it was so long ago that their parents would not know how to help them. They also assume that they are the only people in the world who are going through, have gone through, or will go through whatever it is that they are currently going through (Casterline, 2009). With that in mind it can be very hard to get them to open up to a parent, but parents must continue to try."

Tags:friendship, discipline, communication

Abstract
This paper aims to develop an understanding of how the digital divide can adversely affect emerging nations and to identify effective and timely methods whereby access to such technologies can be improved in developing nations in general, and in Ethiopia in particular. It employs a mixed-method strategy to achieve these goals. The multiple-method strategy is adopted for this study in order to reduce the possibility of personal bias by not depending on only one method of approach or response coming from only one company, individual or sector. Employing the mixed-method approach therefore supports and reinforces the authenticity of the study. The paper employs both qualitative and quantitative data in a variety of ways, including a detailed overview of survey results in terms of a general profile and a model of Ethiopian small firms and how they are employing IT to improve their access to markets. Surveys were also conducted with a convenience sample of respondents who were interested or involved with promoting the small business sector in Ethiopia.

Table of Contents
Chapter One: Introduction to the Study
Introduction
Technology and Social Change
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Theoretical Foundation
Significance
Definitions of Technical Terms
Limitations
Summary
Chapter Two: Review of the Literature
Chapter Three: Methodology/Research Design
Introduction
Methods
Population and Sampling Procedures
Instrumentation (Validity, Reliability)
Summary of the Pilot Study
Data Collection Procedures
Data Analysis
Statistical Procedures
Chapter Four: Findings
Chapter Five: Conclusion and Recommendations

From the Paper
"In the Age of Information, an important topic of growing concern to most countries around the world, the 'Digital Divide" is generally defined as being the degree of the gap in technology ownership and access between those who are affluent and those who are poor or live in rural areas with limited or no access to the Internet. According to Melvin Delgado (2002), the origins of the term "digital divide" have been traced back to Al Gore, the then vice president, in 1996. There is controversy about aspects of the divide, as Conhaim (2000) noted: "A debate is raging about the Digital Divide, which is the gap between 'haves' and 'have nots' in the fast-moving, globally interlinked, computerized world" (p. 8). Improving the levels of access and ownership relates to three fundamental factors: race, geography and economic status (Charp, 2001). There are an estimated 429 million people online globally, but even this staggering number is small when considered in context. For example, of those 429 million, fully 41 percent live in North America; in addition, 429 million people represents only 6 percent of the world's entire population."

Tags:internet, generation, gap, computers

Abstract
This paper gives an in-depth description of how culture acquisition is a spectrum with monocultural identity on one side of the spectrum and transculturation on the other. It further notes that culture acquisition is a journey of discovery and negotiation and is right at the heart of language learning. Various scholars and their works are cited.

From the Paper
"...suggests that culture acquisition (CA) is a spectrum with monocultural identity on one side of the spectrum and transculturation (identification with the host culture) on the other (p. 28); thus, CA is a journey of discovery and negotiation. In fact, the CA journey is right at the heart of language learning. For example, Tong (1997) argues that "the acquisition and use of English is a measure of the degree to which students have become acculturated to the host culture" (p. 45). In other words, in the academic studies cited by Tong, it is not language skill..."

Tags:culture, acquisition, language

Abstract
A paper that discusses the problems of pharmacist image and how that contributes to the lack of communication with consumers.

Abstract
A paper detailing the war that ravaged the Balkans in the early 1990?s, which uncovers the humanity of an extraordinarily patriotic population of that land and the incredible suffering endured by them.

From the paper:

"Often our lives are difficult and too busy for us to be able to digest all the information that comes our way every day. Consequently, more often than not, we tend to overlook information that, we feel, does not directly impact us. Even when we do pay attention, the information is presented so matter-of-factly that it frequently leaves us emotionless, unaffected, and therefore unmoved to act.
While Bosnian Muslims and Croats cried out for help, the world stood quietly by and did practically nothing to deal with the main cause of their suffering - the ravaging warfare."

Tags:balkans, bosnia, cleansing, croatia, ethnic, mostar, muslims, race, religion, sarajevo, violence, war, yugoslavia

Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the Peace Bridge spans the Niagara River and links the cities of Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New York. The writer points out that this bridge is considered a critical link for cross-border commercial traffic with considerable economic significance for the region. The paper explains that the bridge was built in 1927, has three traffic lanes and sidewalks, and has been well-maintained so it is in excellent condition. The writer points out that the proposal to construct a new bridge that would cross the river is not due to damage to the existing bridge but to the limited capacity of the roadways on the bridge.

From the Paper
"Someone designed the highway, while no one designed the space under the bridge. Such extra spaces are often created with such large-scale projects. This space is not likely to be useful in the current project to add three lanes of traffic to the existing bridge, though a more useful design for this space could be included at the same time to improve the area."
"The current bridge is a 3,600-foot steel truss built in 1927. The bridge is made up of five arched spans crossing the Niagara River, with an added through-truss span crossing the Black Rock Canal on the American side. The bridge was built of tons of steelwork and concrete abutments to hold it. The bridge was built to relieve traffic on the International Railway Bridge erected in 1873. The construction had to overcome the swift river current in that area, running at about twelve miles per hour. It is hoped that an addition to the bridge can increase traffic by one-third."

Tags:project, twin-tower, bridge, traffic, highways