Abstract
The paper looks at how Mr. Faber believes it is morally permissible for the Third World company to engage in bribery because "although the laws of the country in question prohibit bribery, it is a common and accepted practice there." The paper discusses how in making this judgment, Mr. Faber clearly implies that breaking laws is not immoral, provided that many other people also break the same law. Thus, the paper shows how in a sense, he is saying that laws are irrelevant - what is important is what people actually do.

From the Paper
"Mr. Faber believes it is morally permissible for the Third World company to engage in bribery because "although the laws of the country in question prohibit bribery, it is a common and accepted practice there." In making this judgment, Mr. Faber clearly implies that breaking laws is not immoral, provided that many other people also break the same law. Thus, in a sense, he is saying that laws are irrelevant - what is important is what people actually do. Moreover, it follows from this that any person or corporation may break the law with impunity, provided that it can be shown that many other people or corporations also break the same law."

Tags:business, ethics, bribery

Abstract
A paper on the issue of bribery of foreign officials by US companies.

Tags:bribery, foreign, officials

Abstract
The paper discusses how bribery has different connotations depending on the region of the world in which business in being conducted; in the West, bribery takes place but it is generally frowned upon, but in China, cultural and religious beliefs tend to applaud bribery as a practice. The paper explores the teleological and deontological ethical theories and how they apply to companies in China who ruin their chance to realize a profit if they do not use bribes and kickbacks. The paper argues that companies should develop a code of ethics and simply abide by this code. The paper also believes that host countries and the international community should make more of a concerted effort to regulate business practices so that bribery and kickbacks do not occur.

Outline:
Introduction
Bribery and Kickbacks
Commentary
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Bribery is defined as "money or favor given or promised in order to influence the judgment or conduct of a person in a position of trust, something that serves to induce or influence ("Bribery")." Kickbacks are defined as "a return of a part of a sum received often because of confidential agreement or coercion. ("kickback"). A kickback is slightly different from bribery but it is a form a bribery. Kickbacks can be particularly deceptive and in some circumstance present a danger to public health and security. Both bribery and kickbacks are present with the context of organizations regardless of whether or not they are public or private entities.
"Within the context of business, bribery has different connotations depending on the region of the world in which business in being conducted. In general, in the West bribery takes place but they are generally frowned upon. However in other parts of the world bribery is considered to be an aspect of doing business and it is actually expected. In fact in China cultural and religious beliefs tend to applaud bribery as a practice. According to Whitcomb et al (1998) Confucianism is the foundation upon which business dealing are based in China. The authors explain that there are four main ideas embraced by Confucianism."

Tags:teleology, deontology, Confucianism

Abstract
The paper explores the history of bribery and corruption in America, that began in the political arena before the American Revolutionary War. The paper discusses the impact of bribery and corruption on business, society and the economy. The paper also covers the laws and regulations that have been passed regarding bribery and corruption and notes their limitations.

Outline:
History of Bribery and Corruption
Limitations
Impact of Bribery and Corruption
Gaps in Regulations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Bribery and corruption are not new and have been in existence in the United States since the late 1700s. The first legislation to battling corruption and bribery was the Federal Constitution. Walton explains that a bribe aims to procure a benefit which one would otherwise not be entitled (2009). In the attempt to curtail these activities, many laws have come about, but yet bribery and corruption activities continue to be wreck our economy and society. In 2006, Richard Siekaczek, an accountant for Siemens managed a $40 to $50 million bribery budget that was classified as essential to keeping business alive (Walton). The New York Times reported that Siemens was ordered to pay $1.34 billion in fines and $450 million to settle criminal charges (Darrough, 2009). Bribery and corruption activities hurts everyone in a society, as Wu (2008) explains, payments of bribes increase the cost of providing goods and services and corruption increases financial cost because it increases the risk premium. This research will cover the history of bribery and corruption's laws and regulations. The research will also outline the impact and limitations in the regulations."

Tags:fraud, embezzlement, integrity, accountability, ethics

Abstract
This paper discusses the ethical dilemma of doing business in countries where bribery is an inherent part of the economic structure. The author summarizes some arguments for and against bribery, and points out that the imposition of Western ethics on other cultures is itself unethical. The negative and positive implications of paying or not paying bribes are also discussed. The paper concludes that economic benefits and costs must be strongly considered on a case by case basis before offering any bribe, even if it is standard operating procedure in that country.

Outline:
Summary
Critical Analysis
Implications
Recommendations

From the Paper
"One of the main objections to this is that in many countries these underlying beliefs are invalid. For example, the very concept of the rule of law may not exist , or it may exist in a radically different form. While nations can, on a global scale, seek to build Western legal frameworks in developing countries, the reality on the ground for individual corporations is different. Moreover, in many cases the notion that the local government is concerned with improving governance and alleviating poverty is mere wishful thinking, an inappropriate application of Western idealism. Under such circumstances, rejecting bribery becomes a futile gesture that serves only to hinder a company's business prospects."

Tags:profitability, economic growth, stigma trade disadvantage sanction illegal

Abstract
This paper explores the incidence of bribery in business, looking first at the harm it does to legitimate businesses. The ethical dilemma of whether or not to give bribes is investigated. It uses examples like Enron and WorldCom to illustrate its points. It concludes with the short and long term effects of bribery in business.

From the Paper
"Payment of bribes and kickbacks continue to be a problem that plagues the business world in the United States and abroad. Business executives pay bribes for a wide variety of reasons. These include bribes paid to agencies to obtain a choice contract for their company, and bribes paid to regulatory agencies to ignore environmental, safety, or health transgressions."

Tags:legitimate, ethical, dilemma, Enron, WorldCom, effect, Hobbes

Abstract
Business in a Global Economy - Bribery. Is a company obligated to follow any ethical principles - those of its home country, those of the host country, an independent set of ethics - or should the only considerations be those of profit and market share? With this in mind, this paper determines the ethical responsibility for a company doing business in an international context with respect to the specific issue of bribery.

Abstract
The paper discusses how the federal government provides funding for many programs that assist United States citizens regarding their health, education, and welfare, but, unfortunately, there are those who have taken advantage of such funds by committing fraud, bribery, and theft to garner federal funds they are not entitled to. The paper relates that case law indicates that this type of activity is ongoing, even though various statutes have been enacted to quell this illegal activity. The paper relates that this includes the False Claims Act both federally and in the State of Georgia regarding Medicaid and Medicare fraud. The paper notes that the False Statement Act is another statute that has been used alone and in conjunction with the False Claims Act, and in addition, 18 U.S.C. 666, has been effective in prosecuting those who would seek to embezzle and/or steal federal funds meant for certain programs fraudulently for their own benefit.

From the Paper
"The federal government provides funding for many programs that assist United States citizens regarding their health, education, and welfare. Unfortunately, there are those who have taken advantage of such funds by..."

Tags:

Abstract
This paper examines the issue of bribery in international business, formerly viewed as the price of doing business, but more and more seen as a drain on business resources, a challenge to political structures and a threat to security, leading to more efforts to eliminate the practice.

From the Paper
"In 1976, a heavily publicized scandal erupted when it was revealed that Lockheed Corporation had paid a bribe to Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka in order to win political support for the sale of Lockheed's L-1011 jetliner to Japan (Jacoby, 1977, pp. 162-165). In the wake of this and other revelations of large payoffs by major U.S. corporations to foreign governments, a unique law was enacted by Congress and signed by President Jimmy Carter: the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1979, which imposed U.S. criminal sanctions against American corporations and executives who paid bribes to foreign officials in foreign countries. Business actions conducted entirely outside the U.S. were thus subjected to American criminal penalties.

The scandals and the reactions to them raised both practical ... "