Abstract
The paper discusses Alfie Kohn's work "Punished by Rewards" that explains why teaching children or encouraging workers according to a rewards and punishment system undermines long-term educational success or superior performance at work. The paper explains Kohn's beliefs on the dangers of incentives and motivations that merely enforce compliance rather than stimulate excellence. The paper looks at how Kohn believes this system to have originated from Skinner's theory of behaviorism. The paper concludes that although ideally one would like this work to be true, following every principle of his advice would require a huge disruption in the way we currently teach elementary school children and employ entry-level workers.

From the Paper
"Do you remember receiving a gold star every time you did well in grade school? While you might have delighted in the shiny, gold sticker, did that gold star motivate you to do a stellar job the next time you studied for a quiz? Perhaps. But did it stimulate your interest to learn more about the material that was being tested? Probably not. According to Alfie Kohn's work Punished by Rewards, this is why teaching and raising children according to a rewards and punishment system is dangerous. Although using gold stars and candy bars may work in the short run, ultimately it does not translate into long-term educational success or superior performance at work."

Tags:incentives, motivations, praise, Skinner, behaviorism

Abstract
This paper relates that China presents formidable difficulties for a foreign business people due to its vastly different culture, business ethics, and hybrid economic system, which still suffers from a hangover of the command economy of a socialist China. The author points out that, although Chinese people have a natural flair for free-market business, as is reflected in the disproportionate number of successful Chinese businesses in South East Asian countries, the extended period of controlled economy in China under Maoist Communism has dulled this spirit and severely affected the work ethics of the working people. The paper explains that, soon, private property ownership in China is certain to become constitutionally protected, which will be a landmark reform because all property has been owned by the government since the Communist revolution.

Table of Contents
Business Culture
Old habits die hard
"Guanxi" (relationship)
Bribe and Graft
Cultural Etiquette
Some Important Politico-Economic Issues

From the Paper
"Giving gifts is not necessary but acceptable. Care should be taken not to make very large or expensive gifts as they may be considered as bribes. Clocks are inappropriate as gifts for symbolic reasons. Another feature of Chinese culture is that everything is not taken at its face value. For instance, the Chinese may decline a gift more than once (up to three times) before accepting it, as easy acceptance is considered to be a sign of greed; hence it is advisable to continue to insist upon giving the gift and express a lot of pleasure once the gift is accepted. Wrap gifts in red colored paper (red is considered a lucky color) or pink and yellow (happy, prosperous colors) and use both hands while offering or receiving a gift. Avoid wrapping in white as it is the color of the funeral."

Tags:ethics, bribe, reform, gift, socialist

Abstract
The paper describes how in 1919, the White Sox surprisingly lost the World Series and eight players were blamed for throwing the game; amongst them was Joe Jackson. The paper discusses the ongoing dispute whether Joe Jackson really did contribute to the disgraceful scandal. The paper looks at Jackson's performance during the game and asserts that he accepted the minimal amount of bribe money, but did not accept it under the condition of "throwing" the game.

From the Paper
"In 1919, the World Series became one of the most shameful events of baseball history. When the Cincinnati Reds faced the Chicago White Sox, odds were against them since the 1919 White Sox team was considered by many to be the greatest team that ever ran out on a field (Gies and Shoemaker 57). However, the White Sox lost and eight players were blamed for throwing the game; amongst them was, Joe Jackson. Ninety years later, there is still much dispute whether Joe Jackson really did contribute to the disgraceful scandal."

Tags:Joe, Jackson, bribes, ballplayer, game

Abstract
The paper examines the decision to allow Eberhard Faber to associate with known bribe-givers. The paper is of the opinion that this association seems like an affront to the moral consistency requirement demanded of any credible moral standard. The paper contends that respecting the law in some, but not in all, circumstances makes a mockery of the organization's avowed commitment to legal dictates and therefore is inherently immoral.

From the Paper
"Before going too far, the stakeholders in this situation need to be listed. Obviously, the share-holders of Eberhard Faber are one significant stake-holder; so too is the Board of Directors and, especially, the key principals (Mr. Faber and Mr. Carey) who offer widely divergent views on how to approach this matter. Not to be forgotten, the other company involved is a stake-holder as it could lose a major deal with an American company - a deal it would seem to covet. Lastly, IRS and legal consultants who convinced Mr. Faber that the deal was above-board and breached no US laws are stake-holders with credibility on the line (for a lengthier discussion on all of these parties, please see "Eberhard Faber, Inc.," n.d.). In the end, many people stand to win - or lose."

Tags:stakeholders, Bentham, utilitarianism, bribes

Abstract
This paper discusses how corporations must create a corporate culture that refuses bribe requests and establish clear corporate codes that employees unwaveringly adhere to. They must also assure managers that the company will back them when they refuse to pay. The paper explains that the potential, in terms of criminal liability, skewed relationships, lost contracts, disqualification from government contracts, loss of reputation is simply too great to ignore. Because bribery is illegal, it is conducted behind closed doors, with those involved expending time and resources to keep their secret. It discusses how companies also face the very real possibility of being pushed to pay more and more bribes as their reputation as a bribe-payer spreads. The writer argues that there are international trade implications surrounding corruption - corruption degrades markets, and increases transaction costs. Corruption also drastically affects economic development by causing a mis-allocation of resources. But more damaging is the fact that in endemically corrupt systems, regular people are not getting served by the government; they don't trust the government so they don't interact with the government. The paper concludes that third world countries suffer the most at the hand of corrupt business managers and politicians - as companies strive to eliminate corruption, economic globalization for all countries will no doubt improve.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Historical Background of the Importance of Business Management
Direct Effect of Global Corruption on Business Management
The Emerging Global Anti-corruption of Management
Global Business Management Leadership Practices & Studies
Motorola
General Electric (GE)
Corruption in Third World Countries
Globalization in Third World Countries
Corruption and Business Management
Future Measures
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Increasing, in many parts of the world, companies and governments alike have recognized that corruption raises the costs and risks for doing business. Corruption has a corrosive impact on both market opportunities overseas and the broader business climate. During the last 10 years, dramatic new imperatives have emerged for companies to take action against corruption and bribery. Once viewed by many firms as an awkward but necessary requirement of doing business, corruption and bribery are emerging instead as a form of business malpractice. Corruption also deters foreign investment, stifles economic growth, and undermines legal and judicial systems. The risks of exposure have become greater, the costs of exposure more substantial, and a compelling body of evidence demonstrates that engaging in corruption and bribery damages company integrity, degrades the business environment, and fails to create enduring competitive advantage.
As a result of this problem, and to obtain a competitive advantage in the global markets of the twenty-first century, a growing number of businesses are taking proactive steps to detect and prevent corruption. With respect to the emerging international anti-corruption environment, the unifying concept in all of the global and regional processes is that effective action to prevent, detect, and punish corruption must be taken by each individual government and company. Leadership companies have responded to these imperatives by establishing comprehensive anti-corruption and bribery programs that include strong written policies, extensive training, and rigorous auditing and internal controls. In the later 1990's, a consensus emerged among businesses, governments, academics, and ordinary citizens that bribery and corruption are not defensible in either economic or cultural terms. Recent times have shed light on a number of companies that have experienced serious corruption and bribery incidents and have suffered reputation damage and enforcement actions as a result."

Tags:trust, ethics, bribery, third, world

Abstract
This paper shall critically analyze and evaluate a "real world" case through the Utilitarian point of view. The case at hand discusses an otherwise exemplary student who is doing poorly in "Intro to Ethics". The student must receive a grade of "A " to guarantee his entry into law school. The student offers his Ethics professor $500 if the professor will raise his grade from a "C "to an "A". It is the student's argument that since this act will hurt no one else, and will certainly help this student and his future entry into law school, this act is morally legitimate and an acceptable thing for the professor to do. Further, the student argues, the money could be given to charity, instead of being kept by the professor and thus do a lot of good for others that the professor might otherwise not be able to do. The student argues that "The ends justify the means", so to speak and therefore accepting the bribe is the right thing to do. We will outline what utilitarianism says about this case and discuss whether it is legitimate for the student to offer the bribe from a utilitarian point of view.

From the Paper
Abstract This paper shall critically analyze and evaluate a "real world" case through the Utilitarian point of view. The case at hand discusses an otherwise exemplary student who is doing poorly in "Intro to Ethics". The student must receive a grade of "A " to guarantee his entry into law school. The student offers his Ethics professor $500 if the professor will raise his grade from a "C "to an "A". It is the student's argument that since this act will hurt no one else, and will certainly help this student and his future entry into law school, this act is morally legitimate and an acceptable thing for the professor to do. Further, the student argues,

Tags:utilitarianism, ethics, philosophy

Abstract
This paper discusses the ethical dilemma of doing business in countries where bribery is an inherent part of the economic structure. The author summarizes some arguments for and against bribery, and points out that the imposition of Western ethics on other cultures is itself unethical. The negative and positive implications of paying or not paying bribes are also discussed. The paper concludes that economic benefits and costs must be strongly considered on a case by case basis before offering any bribe, even if it is standard operating procedure in that country.

Outline:
Summary
Critical Analysis
Implications
Recommendations

From the Paper
"One of the main objections to this is that in many countries these underlying beliefs are invalid. For example, the very concept of the rule of law may not exist , or it may exist in a radically different form. While nations can, on a global scale, seek to build Western legal frameworks in developing countries, the reality on the ground for individual corporations is different. Moreover, in many cases the notion that the local government is concerned with improving governance and alleviating poverty is mere wishful thinking, an inappropriate application of Western idealism. Under such circumstances, rejecting bribery becomes a futile gesture that serves only to hinder a company's business prospects."

Tags:profitability, economic growth, stigma trade disadvantage sanction illegal

Abstract
The paper focuses on Mexico's Wal-Mart, who via its subsidiary, Bodega Aurrera, is the nation's biggest employer. Thhe paper explores how this gives it massive power in Mexico - power to exploit resources, allegedly bribe officials, and so on.

From the Paper
"The topic I have selected is an examination of the impact of globalized industrialism on the cultural heritage of the developing world. As this is an extremely broad topic, I have narrowed it down to an examination of a particular case study. In Mexico, Wal-Mart, via its subsidiary, Bodega Aurrera, is the nation's biggest employer. This gives it massive power in Mexico - power to exploit resources, allegedly bribe officials, and so on. The specific situation I would like to research further is the recent case in which Wal-Mart has gone ahead with erecting a new branch of Bodega..."

Tags:mexico, globalized, industrialism

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines a scenario in which the new Director of Corporate Marketing has encountered a dilemma in which a Country Manager has held up training materials for a class to be held the following day, telling the new Director that she must pay a bribe to have them released. The writer discusses the management and ethical issues involved and makes recommendations.

From the Paper
"The new Director of Corporate Marketing is facing an ethical dilemma resulting from a management issue. The Country Manager would not have been able to put her in this predicament had she shipped the training materials well in advance and followed up on them to ensure that they were received. The materials should have been received well before one day prior to the beginning of the class to allow for any unforeseen difficulties such as this one. Furthermore the practice of hiring a Country ..."

Tags:management, multinational, international, bribery, corruption, OECD, corporate marketing

From the Paper
"In 1976, a heavily publicized scandal erupted when it was revealed that Lockheed Corporation had paid a bribe to Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka in order to win political support for the sale of Lockheed's L-1011 jetliner to Japan (Jacoby, 1977, pp. 162-165). In the wake of this and other revelations of large payoffs by major U.S. corporations to foreign governments, a unique law was enacted by Congress and signed by President Jimmy Carter: the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1979, which imposed U.S. criminal sanctions against American corporations and executives who paid bribes to foreign officials in foreign countries. Business actions conducted entirely outside the U.S. were thus subjected to American criminal penalties.

The scandals and the reactions to them raised both practical ... "