This paper discusses the French Surrealist poet Andre Breton and analyzes how his Surrealist art philosophy influenced the art world in the twentieth century.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, 2002, $ 80.95
Abstract This paper discusses the French Surrealist poet Andre Breton and analyzes how his Surrealist art philosophy influenced the art world in the twentieth century.
Tags: ART HISTORY / DADAISM, SURREALISM, breton surrealist art
Abstract The paper examines the Middle-English text of the 'Franklin's Tale' by Chaucer and concludes that it is derived from Breton Lai, a style most famously used in the popular fiction of Marie de France in the Twelfth Century. Over the two hundred year period between the work of Marie de France and Chaucer, literature naturally progressed and it attempts to show that the "Franklin's Tale" is a text that has developed from the characteristically refined and escapist genre of Breton Lai.
From the Paper "Chaucer is true to Breton lai convention in that he sets the story in a vague, but chivalrous pre-Christian past. The open ended and somewhat psychological dilemma posed at the end of the romance cannot thus be solved by means of Christian intervention. Hypothetically, the fourteenth century church would have advised Dorigen that keeping her promise to Aurelius and thereby committing adultery would be a far greater sin than breaking her promise to him. Arveragus, however, believes that his wife should keep her promise, which again deviates from the traditional allegiance to the loyalty of the lover in Breton lai."
Tags: arveragus, canterbury, christian, dorigen, france, lanval, marie, pre, tales
Abstract This paper briefly addresses the similarities of the Breton, Cornish, and Welsh cultures in the areas of language and myths, particularly the dominance of the sea in these cultures' mythologies. They are all Celtic cultures, which makes it easier to draw parallels, particularly as regards linguistic similarities.
Abstract An examination of the affect of Salvador Dali's characteristic of paranoia, combined with his artistic techniques, on his paintings. It explains how Dali used his paranoia to his advantage, and created a system of interpretation called his Paranoiac Critical Method, which is considered his "liquid revealer of images". The writer states that Dali's technique allowed him to give realistic accounts of his mental images. When Dali combined his technique and paranoiac characteristics, he created some of the most phenomenal boundary breaking art the world has ever seen.
From the Paper "The artwork of Salvador Dali has always been intriguing, but in 1929 his artwork reached a whole new level when he began to enter his paranoiac stage. A few factors brought on this change, which he would focus on until the 40's. A very important factor was Dali's interest in dreams. At that time, Dali had become fascinated with the works of Freud, and followed his teachings as an attempt to interpret his dreams for self analysis. The more Dali analyzed his dreams, the more he noticed that many images in his mind reoccurred; and eventually, he began to paint them. Many of the dreams that reoccurred to Dali were life obsessions and fears that had developed through his life and would have a great affect on his paintings. Some of these reoccurring themes included: William Tell, Lenin, Hitler, Anthropomorphic images, Millet's Angelus, Vermeer paintings, and childhood images (Fetzer, 1)."
From the Paper "One of the influences on the development of the artistic movement known as surrealism derived from the writings and thought of Sigmund Freud. Freud has a particular influence on Andre Breton, one of the leading theorists of the movement, and Salvador Dali, perhaps its best-known practitioner. Each man acknowledged the contribution of Freud and produced works citing Freud directly.
Surrealism was an artistic movement with a strong political component. It was the most highly organized and tightly controlled artistic movement in this century, and its moral and philosophical leader was Andre Breton, who held the unofficial title of the Pope of Surrealism. Surrealism was also a life-style and a philosophical outlook that informed artistic expression, political action, and social life."
Abstract Surrealism was an artistic movement with a strong political component, Surrealism was the most highly organized and tightly controlled artistic movement in this century, and its moral and executive leader was Andr? Breton, given the unofficial title of the Pope of Surreali
From the Paper "Surrealism was an artistic movement with a strong political component, Surrealism was the most highly organized and tightly controlled artistic movement in this century, and its moral and executive leader was Andr? Breton, given the unofficial title of the Pope of Surrealism. Surrealism was also a life-style and a philosophical outlook that infused artistic expression, political action, and social life:
At the heart of Surrealism lay the belief that "objective chance"--by which was meant inexplicable coincidence--is central to reality, which is not an orderly system of events apprehensible by logical thought. Hence, it was believed, knowledge of true reality can be gained only through a-logical insights of the unconscious mind and these insights can only be..."
Abstract The paper examines "Franklin's Tale", not considered one of the most popular of the stories from Geoffrey Chaucer's collection "The Canterbury Tales". It looks at the story in relation to the other tales in the book and compares its literary style and structure to that of the others. It also examines the characters, central themes and setting of the story.
From the Paper "Chaucer's audience would have been aware that the Breton lay was typically a short romance based on the earlier works of Marie de France and mostly involving love and the supernatural. Although it breaks with some of the conventions that Marie de France established through her own work, in general the Franklin's Tale is a clear evocation of the conventions of the Breton lay, especially in Chaucer's careful observance of the rules of the social hierarchy in which the Franklin (and Chaucer himself) lived, a hierarchy that had changed little since Marie de France was writing and that obtained as much in England (still in many ways the product of Norman rule, at least in the upper tiers of society) as in France."
Tags:Breton, lay, Marie, de, France, 14th, century, Dorigen
Abstract Surrealist photography began in the 1920s and quickly developed as an interesting means of photography in the following decades. Several surrealist photographers were inspired by the theories of Freud because of the impact he had made regarding the working of the human mind and the distorted images that it held within the unconscious. This paper provides a definition of surrealist photography. It then discusses several photographers and their works, including Rosalind Krauss and her Marxist views, Lucy Schwob, who created the "Claude Cahun Self Portrait", Dora Maar, and Andre Kertesz, who produced "Distortion - Paris 1933".
From the Paper "In addition to Lucy Schwob, there have been other impressive surrealist photographers. Dora Maar is another name that stands out because of her brilliant work on the Portrait of Pere Ubu, 1936. In addition to Dora's work there is the impressive work of Georges Hugnet Untitled Collage, 1934. This photomontage comprises of several photographs merged in such a way that it produces one print. There is an ideal method adopted for this, and the result is an image that unites unrelated elements with a dream-like quality. Similar to this is Man Ray's Rayograph, which is an image that is created without a camera, and therefore exposes the "enigma of objects"."
Abstract This paper details the evolution of French artistic and literary expression from before WWI to after WWII. Dadaism, Surrealism, Absurdism, and many of the famous writers of those periods are examined. The paper focuses on the works of Jean-Paul Sartre and looks at influences on his writing, as well as his impact on the Absurdist movement. The paper also analyzes some of Sartre's more famous plays and discusses his philosophy.
From the Paper "There was a brief period of economic prosperity and progress in France, called the belle ?poque (beautiful epoch) before World War I in the early years of the 20th century and right before the wave of pessimism began in the 1920s (Cosper 2004). At this time, inventions like the telephone, the automobile, the airplane and the cinema refreshed modern life. Literature turned away from old styles, such as naturalism, and into the newer and more exciting forms, like cubism and bold experiments by Apollinaire. Other playwrights followed the lead of Apollinaire and introduced stage innovations, among them, Alfred Jarry with his extravagant farce in Ubu Roi in 1896 and Ubu King in 1951 and Paul Claudel. Alain-Fournier's novel, ?The Wanderer,? denied the limitations realists and naturalists placed on the human imagination and philosopher Henri Bergson proposed the naturalist view that human destiny was predetermined and that people had freewill and unlimited creative energy (Cosper)."
Abstract Surrealism, a movement that was transformed from a literary to an artistic one, investigated the direct exposition of the incognizant divulged by rational notions. This paper defines what surrealism meant to the artists from the 1920s and 30s. It also identifies many surrealist artists, including Andre Breton, Yves Tanguy, Paul Magritte, Salvador Dali, and how they contributed to the surrealism movement.
From the Paper "Yves Tanguy, a painter, played a vital role in spreading the concept of Surrealism. He became influenced by Surrealism in 1924, after seeing the periodical La R"volution surr"alist. Tanguy was greatly motivated to make art that depicted his inner world of dreams and the sub-conscious mind. The style in which Tanguy painted his paintings is referred to as Surrealism. Tanguy, like any other Surrealist believed that images and encounters in dreams could be used as an inducement for art. As a result, dreams, fantasy, and the element of chance played a significant part in his profession."
Abstract This paper explains how the poverty and despondency amongst the new working class created by Europe's industrial revolution was expressed in the artistic form of Realism. The paper looks at how Realism sought to correctly portray the conditions and hardships of the poor with the hope of improving their living situations. The paper discusses some of the Realist artists of that era and describes how their works depicted the reality in the cities and countryside.
From the Paper "To Courbet, Realism was not so much a style of painting as a philosophy. His arguments with the present French art establishment concerned subject matter, not painting technique. Juries and the public shunned the Realists' work, because the art style broke away from the official Academic art. Courbet's paintings, such as the Stone-Breakers of 1849, which featured the laboring, faceless figures of an old man and adolescent boy, was criticized severely by critics who preferred mythological or idealistic subjects."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the surrealist movement, explaining that it was, at the same time, a poetic, philosophical and political movement and that the advent and development of photography as an art form had a great impact on surrealism. The paper describes and analyzes some of the works of early surrealists, including Man Ray and Andre' Breton.
From the Paper "In a 1913 issue of Alfred Stieglitz's Camera Work, de Zayas criticized the medium of photography for being a "concrete representation of consummated facts," which "drew away the veil of mystery with which Art enveloped the represented Form." [Perpetual, p. 16] Yet the budding surrealist movement was beginning to embrace photography as a novel mechanism for the expression of its ideals. Photography allowed for a randomness that was central to surrealist practice. The innovations in photographic and developing techniques - especially those of Man Ray - gave surrealists a larger forum to explore their ideas of unstable reality, dream-like states and bizarre juxtapositions of everyday images."
This paper offers a comparison of the dysfunction of the two families portrayed in David Adams Richards' "Nights Below Station Street" and Ann-Marie MacDonald's "Fall On Your Knees."
Abstract A comparison of the dysfunction in the two families portrayed in David Adams Richards "Nights Below Station Street" and Ann-Marie MacDonald's "Fall On Your Knees." The paper argues that the former family achieves redemption through their love but the latter suffers attrition and cannot overcome their high level of dysfunctional interaction.
From the Paper "Family dysfunction typically characterizes family relations to one degree or another in most families. However, in David Adams Richards' "Nights Below Station Street" and Ann-Marie MacDonald's "Fall On Your Knees," if it were not for family dysfunction the families depicted would not function at all. Richards provides a tale of the Walsh's, a working-class family from the wrong side of the tracks in a small mill town in New Brunswick."
Tags: co-parenting conflict, incest, religiosity, alcoholism, pregnancy, suicide, race relations, Cape Breton, New Brunswick, teenage rebellion, family relations, physical, sexual and verbal abuse
Abstract This paper looks at the public health dissemination model towards community exploration, needs assessment and information provision and inducing interest and voluntarism. It refers to small regional projects, NB Cape Breton, where attitudinal change is required ahead of large urban centres. Reference is also made to specialized outreach and information as in sub-Saharan African countries. It also discusses how overall, much time should be given to assessing target audience, culturally and to providing careful health promotion/AIDS prevention material, in ways that cultivate ongoing interest.
From the Paper "Health Behaviour Change is now a usual model in approaching public health initiatives in North America. The PRECEDE-PROCEDE planning model seems suitable in its careful attention to assessing an environment and target audience well. (Gielen & McDonald: 2002) This paper introduces approaches to non-urban communities where AIDS remains a topic not discussed, or with many persons lacking a broad and accurate view of the pandemic. The public tends to become alarmed about AIDS as an incurable condition that is sexually transmitted. Myths still circulate as to how HIV is spread and its implications."
Abstract This is a reflective paper of the work of the Rev. Mr. John Wm. McKenzie and Dr. Sherwood Hall, Canadian Presbyterian missionaries, who joined a small north Korean congregation in 1893. The paper explains the history behind the work of both Roman Catholic and Protestant missionaries in this area of the world. The paper further looks at the history of the Rev. Mr. John Wm. McKenzie, a native of Cape Breton, who followed in the reputation of the Scottish Dr. John Ross. Though he died within two years of reaching Korea his hard work is much remembered.
From the Paper "The saga of North American medical and other Protestant missionaries and missions in Korea is a lasting element of Korea's modern history. Through much of the 19th century, the Korean field featured divisions between Roman Catholic and Protestant missionaries, the latter attached to several Canadian and American denominations. Medical and educational missionary work filled important needs in a society struggling with immense class gaps, much poverty, and after 1910-11, the results of the Japanese annexation of the Korean Peninsula."
