Abstract This paper explains that the art of puppy breeding began shortly after World War II when the US Department of Agriculture encouraged farmers to raise puppies as crops because traditional crop-growing had stalled. The author points out that an owner purchasing a puppy raised in a mill is much more likely to purchase a sick animal, or worse, an animal with a personality disorder resulting in the dog being given up to a shelter for adoption or worse. The paper relates that proponents of puppy mills argue that the USDA has enacted legislation requiring licensing for certain breeders; however, there is much evidence indicating that, currently, the USDA does not have enough inspectors to enforce laws requiring minimum space and standards for puppy breading.
From the Paper "Commercial breeders are one problem, breeding several types of puppy with profit as the primary motive. Many of the dogs raised in such kennels are not adequately screened for genetic illnesses. Also problematic are so called backyard breeder. Puppy mills however, are among the worst offenders, who breed puppies with little or no attention to their health care needs, socialization practices and placement protocols. USDA inspectors typically fail to inspect such mills."
Abstract This paper explores how prisoners use creative writing as a means of escaping the fact that they are in jail, whether it be poetry or bird digests such as those written by famous canary breeder Robert Stroud. This paper shows that prisoners write for a variety of reasons, from release to boredom. Some prison writers tell of their situation with such poignancy and depth, that their work becomes a classic treatise on what it is like in prison, allowing people on the outside a glimpse behind the bars. The paper looks at several examples of literature written by prisoners.
From the Paper "Some of the prisoners writing is angry, allowing them to release their anger at their situation, and what put them behind bars. Alexander Solzhenitsyn was imprisoned for his political beliefs in Russia in 1945. His writings tell of the horrors of the concentration camps where he was forced to live and work while he was in prison, and helped bring the world's attention to the atrocities happening in Russian prison camps. The book is written in novel form, but the situations are real, and that is what makes it so entirely frightening. "There'd been times when they'd gone around all winter without any felt boots at all, times when they hadn't even seen ordinary boots but only shoes made of birch bark or shoes of the 'Chelyabinsk Tractor Factory model' (that is, made of strips of tires that left the marks of the tread behind them)" (Solzhenitsyn 12)."
Abstract Women had no status in Elizabethan society; their main function was as fertile breeders, and their role in society was simply not viewed as important. This paper shows how the unimportance and taking for granted of women is clearly reflected in Shakespeare's plays. Although their roles are not viewed as contributing to society, the dramatic function of women in Shakespeare plays is anything but not contributory. The paper shows that the female lead's role is crucial to the restoration of order that occurs in the play. As Shakespearean comedies are cyclical, the ultimate goal of a comedy is to travel from disorder to resolution. This paper examines three plays, "As You Like It", "All's Well Ends Well", and "Twelfth Night".
From the Paper "Similarly, Viola in Twelfth Night, goes through a loss of identity by disguising herself as Cesario in order to find work with Duke Orsino. She disguises herself as a man because society believed females to be incapable of handling work. When Viola becomes Cesario, she instantly becomes one of Orsino's favourite workers and is rewarded with the position as his page. The positioning of Viola as Orsino's page asserts Viola's working capabilities, and thus shows the audience that women can do a job as well, perhaps even better, than men."
This paper explores the intriguing behavioral phenomenon in Belding's squirrels when subjected to experimental manipulation involving the provision of food.
Abstract This paper details the various results between male and female Belding squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi) when free-living populations were subjected to experimental manipulation by the provision of food. In free-living and un-manipulated populations, 100% of Belding squirrel males disperse by the time they become active breeders. In contrast, their female counterparts breed very close to their birth sites with only 8% exhibiting natal dispersion. This paper details the varying results of the squirrel's behavior when their environment had been provided with food, which resulted in the female dispersal rate to significantly increase from 8% to 40%.
From the Paper "Despite the apparent sagacity of the above hypothesis, it fails to explain in cost-benefit analysis fashion why female S. beldingi pass up the increased and more accessible survival resources in exchange for other marginally tangible ones. Another datum that might yield additional insight is the fact that dispersing females were significantly fatter than non-provisioned conspecifics of the same age. This indicates that perhaps the dispersing females had reached a caloric saturation point at which marginal increases in calories were far outweighed by the exponential increase in breeding resources available if the animal dispersed. Further evidence that animals make a dispersal/non-dispersal decision is given by a study on the common lizard. This study indicates that lizards disperse or not depending on the survival probability of their parents, viz. the owners of the natal territory."
Abstract Several countries, while ratifying the agreement with regard to establishment of the World Trade Organization, also ratified the inherent Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. The paper shows that intellectual property rights can conveniently be divided into two main fields - copyrights (or rights related to copyright) and industrial policy. The paper explains that the safeguard of intellectual property is considered as a crucial factor for economic growth and advancement in the high technology sector; they are beneficial to business and assist the public as a whole. The paper shows, however, that several problems arise from the enforcement of intellectual property rights particularly with regards to ownership of information. These include copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade secrets, design rights and plant breeders' rights for which an alternative has to be found.
Paper Outline:
Abstract
Intellectual Property Rights
What are Intellectual Property Rights?
What National and Global Directives Govern their Enforcement?
What are the Implications for Business?
What Can/Should be Done?
References
From the Paper "The intellectual property rights have been guaranteed by law and can conveniently be transferred, sold, authorized for rent and in some nations even mortgaged, in much the same way as physical property particularly real property. However, the rights have some confinements incorporating the limitations and other considerations of issues like their contradiction with the fundamental rights and the codified provisions in force. The legal issues involving intellectual property rights have two dimensions."
Tags: TRIPS, WTO, copyright, real, property, European, Community
Abstract The paper examines whether the fact that Arabian horses have fewer bones means that they are superior horses. The writer proposes that their superiority is subjective. The paper explains how the Arabian has fewer bones, with many horse experts and breeders preferring the Arabian. The paper analyzes whether the fewer-boned horse has advantages over the other horses in the field.
From the Paper "One of the things that allows the Arabian to be very good at endurance riding is the fact that the hind legs are "remarkably free" in their ability to move and be limber, Edwards explains in the book. The tail of the Arabian is set very high in the croup, and while moving, the tail of the Arabian "is carried arched and well up," a point horse experts notice when discussing the style which the horse shows while running."
