Abstract The author notes that the divisive issue of slavery and the passion in the South for state's rights presented the two major parties with challenges they proved unable to overcome and led to the breakdown of the two-party system, which became the principle cause of the Civil War. The breakdown of the two-party system was a slow development, but it was accelerated during the last decade before the Civil War by the weakness of the Whigs and the emergence of the new Republican Party in the North.
Analyzes an article by Michael J.G. Gray-Fow, entitled 'The Mental Breakdown of a Roman Senator: M. Calpurnius Bibulus', which appeared in "Greece and Rome".
Abstract This paper discusses three key arguments in the article 'The Mental Breakdown of a Roman Senator: M. Calpurnius Bibulus' from "Greece and Rome that the author, Michael J. G. Gray-Fow, uses to explain Senator Bibulus' irrational behavior during the Civil War of 49 B.C. between J. Caesar and Pompy. The paper explains that Gray-Fow supports these arguments with historical writings by Livy, Cicero, Caesar and others and details the events that led to Bibulus' fall. The paper points out, however, that there are no historical writings from Bibulus in existence today, only these biased second-hand reports.
From the Paper "When Caesar crossed the Rubicon and began the Roman Civil War, Bibulus was recalled to Rome to help with the defense. He moved slowly and did not reach Rome in time, meanwhile, Pompy's army had moved to Brudusmin and Bibulus met up with him there. He was given command of Pompy's navy, which out numbered Caesar's fleet considerably. His orders were to prevent Caesar from landing in Greece where Pompy was regrouping. Caesar crossed the Adriatic during the winter, a move no one expected due to the storms common in that season."
Tags: hatred, second-rate status, death, short tempered, depression
Abstract This paper explains that the social disorganization theory attributes the variation in crime over time to a breakdown in community institutions, such as families, churches, schools and local governments. When these institutions breakdown, crime is encouraged. The paper then reviews more recent applications of this theory, which hold that the social disorganization theory refers more to a breakdown in a community's culture, especially in the area of morals, rather than to a breakdown in community institutions. The paper concludes that both the social and cultural interpretations of the social disorganization theory are good places for the police to start understanding the crimes in their communities.
From the Paper "There is also another avenue to discuss with relation to today's society and the problems police face. As discussed, social disorganization theory refers to the idea that social conditions can influence people's behavior. In today's society, especially provincially, a real influence on people's behaviors is technology, the internet and cellular phones specifically. When looking at social disorganization theory, the discussion often revolves around knowing one's, or not knowing one's neighbors."
Tags:breakdown bond moral variables, community policing
Abstract In this paper, the writer discusses that the issue of stress and anxiety that is linked to relationship betrayal and breakdown poses a particular challenge to contemporary psychological and relationship counseling. The paper presents an overview of the problem of infidelity and relationship breakdown mainly in the context of modern developed countries like the Unites States - while reference is also made to the permutations of the problem in other countries in the world. The central focus of this paper, however, is on the way that stress and anxiety can be dealt with in the two gender groups. This refers to the differences and similarities in the way that stress and anxiety is experienced by men and women; and the way that they cope with the trauma of divorce and infidelity. The last section of the paper deals with counseling strategies and methods of dealing with this issue, as well as some theoretical stances and trajectories that has been found to be useful in this regard.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Extent of the Problem
Psychological and other Consequences
Differences in Gender in Relation to Stress and Anxiety
Coping Strategies
General Coping Strategies and Advice
Coping Strategies for Women
Self-Esteem
Coping Strategies of Men
Counseling and Stress Reduction
Conclusion
Reference List
From the Paper " The above view underlines a cardinal aspect of the way that divorce in particular, as well as other forms of relationship breakdown, negatively influences a wide circle of people. The effect that relationship breakdown has on the family and on children is a significant factor in determining the extent of the problem, in that these aspects can add to and increase stress and anxiety. In other words, in the assessment of the extent and range of the effects of marital breakdown, the other individuals who are affected beside the man and woman, tend to contribute to the overall situation and to the stress and anxiety factors. For example, children may become disruptive as result of the stress of the relationship conflict, which in turn leads to an increase in the problematics of the situation."
From the Paper "Psychological Breakdown: An Analogy
A person who experiences a psychological breakdown goes through dramatic shifts in structure and understanding that are as catastrophic as an office building falling down because of an earthquake. It seems as if some jolt comes from the outside, disrupting, or temporarily destroying the very makeup of the person's individual psychology, and at the time it happens, it appears that all is lost, just as after an earthquake, it seems the entire toppled building is lost.
The person's very foundation has crumbled or shifted, and various levels of reality and understanding have been removed. This can be as disorienting to the person who has the breakdown as it is to people who are near a building that has fallen, due to an earthquake. One comes to depend on various predictable..."
This paper discusses the feminization of poverty a growing problem in America where increasing numbers of women and children have been forced into poverty, by a combination of social and economic factors.
Abstract This paper discusses the many causes of the feminization of poverty including the breakdown of the two parent family and the inadequacy of women's wages to support a family. The author explores the theories of John Mill and of many contemporary activists for an insight into this problem. The author feels that, to solve the difficult problem of the feminization of poverty, American policy makers must begin to see the feminization of poverty as a social and economic issue and disregard negative stereotypes of individuals in poverty.
From the Paper "Edelman has many criticisms of the Clinton welfare bill. Troublingly, Edelman notes that the new bill allows states to manage their own welfare system. As such, welfare no longer needs to come as cash. For example, it could come in the form of certificates that must be redeemed with a specific contract organization. Further, Edelman notes that federal welfare funds are now capped, freezing funding for six years."
Abstract This paper analyzes a case study in which a young married couple fails to communicate their Christmas plans without dealing with the underlying issues that have caused the communication breakdown. The author feels that the problem can be related to the roles they play. The author suggests that techniques such as having them write down how they feel about the marriage and their place in it may be beneficial.
From the Paper "Mike and Carol Taylor are a young married couple, in their mid-twenties with the pair having been married for two years. Mike and Carol both work and do not have children. An argument recently broke out between the pair over the issue of Christmas plans. Mike said that since they spent all their time together, there was no reason they had to spend Christmas together. It would be best if he visited his family on the other side of the country, while Carol stayed home and spent Christmas with her parents. Carol reacted angrily to the suggestion, saying that Mike had no idea what it meant to be a husband and obviously wasn?t committed to the marriage. "
Abstract This paper illustrates the specific idea that appears to be evident in a majority, if not all, of Shakespeare's works - that the works are mainly concerned with the concept of the disruption and restoration of order at various levels. Examples are provided of this "breakdown" at various different or parallel levels, including personal, intimate, political and spiritual. The paper examines several Shakespearean tragedies including "Hamlet", "King Lear" and "Macbeth".
From the Paper "Hamlet at the very moment of killing Claudius and thus restoring both personal and political order himself dies. He then cannot take his rightful place on the throne, nor as head of his family. This has been denied him as the price for its very restoration. This also holds true for Lear. His kingdom is restored and those who sought to destroy him are no more. Yet it is Albany who now rules. In addition at the personal level, Lear finally discovers his love for Cordelia only just before her death. Having finally found her, she is now lost to him for eternity. Lear has also paid the ultimate price for restoration."
Abstract This paper examines George Orwell's theme of how the tampering with language by the state project of power results in the emergence of double think as a form of the breakdown of rationality. The paper connects this to the popular acceptance of lifestyle advertising in capitalist society. What happens in this process is that a certain uniformity is molded and free choice is minimized.
Abstract This paper discusses and analyzes three important events before and during the Cold War period that chronicle the eventual erosion of the "Grand Alliance" between U.S. and U.S.S.R. These three events are enumerated as follows: (1) the breakdown of U.S.-U.S.S.R. ties after WWII due to socio-political differences and incompatibilities; (2) integration of the Marxist-Leninist ideology into Russian society after WWII; and (3) U.S. President Harry Truman's declaration of his containment policy against Communist countries, with a special focus on U.S.S.R.
From the Paper "The Cold War, a long-term conflict between the Communist states in the Eastern region and the United States, began after WWII, wherein the rise in the popularity and increasing influence of Socialist (Communist) ideology was happening. While the rise of Communism became popular in USSR, China, and other countries like Vietnam and Korea, United States centered its attention in curbing Communism through the Soviet Union, since the nation is the prime mover in embracing and applying Marx's ideology of a socialist society."
Abstract The paper analyzes the character of Holden Caufield and his profound struggle with his adolescence as well as his obsessive and irrational desire to preserve the innocence of other children. The paper examines the relationships with his sister Phoebe, his dead brother, Allie and his childhood friend, Jane Gallagher. The paper traces his gradual psychological decline and eventual breakdown.
From the Paper "The novel, "The Catcher In The Rye" by J.D. Salinger, is a painful story about growing up and the loss of innocence. It is an account of a teenager's profound struggle with the difficult stages that make up the passage from adolescence to adulthood.
"It is obvious from the opening page of Salinger's book, that the narrator, Holden Caulfield, has not successfully navigated his passage through adolescence. At the beginning of the book, Holden is already in a mental institution having suffered some sort of mental breakdown. He tells his story in a first person flashback and refers to his "lousy childhood". In describing the story he is about to tell, Holden says: "I'll just tell you about this madman stuff that happened to me .....just before I got pretty run-down and had to come out here and take it easy." (Salinger, p. 1)"
Abstract This paper examines how the breakdown of authority and religion in society has been weakening society for years. The author discusses how in films this breakdown is part of an artistic movement called modernity, and uses the films "Romeo and Juliet" and "Vivre Sa Vie" as examples of the movement.
From the Paper:
"Modernity is described as the making of the new. It was inspired with the rise of consumerism, and of middle class or bourgeois values. New forms of photography can artistically display it as cinematography in visual culture, as well as in the topics and subjects of films, plays, and television shows. There are three main aspects of modernity, breaking down of authority including religion, consumer culture and basic societal consumption, and the mixing and combining of genres."
This paper discusses the factors that determine if the impact of divorce on children and parents is positive or negative and how extensive the impact is for the children.
Abstract The following paper explores the psychological impact the high rate of marital breakdown have on children and how these effects impact on society. The marital breakdown addressed in this paper is between heterosexual couples. To examine this topic a review of literature has been conducted. A comparison of children living in intact families and children living in divorced families has been completed to demonstrate the similarities and differences. This paper also discusses the effects on members of society of the high divorce rate and the positive outcomes of divorce.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Mediators of Divorce
Economic Effects of Divorce
Effects of Conflict on Children
Effects of Absence of Non-Custodial Parents
Effects of Remarriage
Long Term Effects of Divorce on Children
Effects on Society
The Positive Consequences of Divorce
From the Paper "Some children experience an easier adjustment to divorce while others display difficulties for a long period of time. Factors have been identified that ease the adjustment for children. These conditions include supportive interactions with family members and friends, having effective coping strategies and accessibility to any needed mental health interventions (Cooney, Hutchinson and Leather). The effects of divorce can be lessened also if the parents act without hostility, if children's relationships with their parents are continuous, and if the children's financial needs are provided for by the parents (Thompson and Amato). Thus, reducing life stresses will moderate the impact of divorce on children."
A comparison of James Thurber's short story, "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty" and the film "Fight Club", directed by David Fincher and written by Chuck Palahniuk.
Abstract This paper compares these two stories about ordinary men with ordinary lives seeking to free themselves from their mundane existence. The paper asserts that, while both works display the breakdown of the human psyche that can occur when individuals see themselves as more than their actual reality allows them to be, both works achieve this display in different ways. The paper also asserts that both the film and the play are successful at portraying to the audience the mental breakdown of their characters.
From the Paper "In "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty", the main character, Walter, is getting older. His everyday existence involves mundane activities, such as buying overshoes and driving his overbearing wife to the hairdresser. In response to this, Walter's mind begins to fantasize about a life in which he is not an everyday man. In his mind, he can become anything in relation to the world around him, from a naval officer, to a doctor, to a Capitan in World War II."
