Abstract This paper compares Brazilian and Egyptian music. A brief history of the two cultures illustrates the development of their music. The paper outlines the primarily European influence on Egyptian music, and the African and European influences on Brazilian music. The Portugeuse influences on early Brazilian music is also discussed. The paper contrasts Brazilian and Egyptian music through their use of instruments, theory, and artists. A brief overview of the development of modern Egyptian and Brazilian music is presented in the paper.
From the Paper "Traditional Brazilian and Egyptian culture date back centuries, even millennia when considering Egypt's rich past. Many aspects of their cultures such as dress, language, and government have changed and evolved from their genesis. Two major elements of both these cultures that have been a major part of life are the music and dance. Yet, despite their deep native roots, Brazilian and Egyptian music and dance have been greatly influenced by European and African cultures, thereby creating the blend of today's modern styles."
Abstract This paper relates that the major cinematic areas of tradition in Brazilian cinema include cannibalism, hunger, vera cruz and other areas of social and political significance. The paper then takes a look at each of these
Latin American traditions and in an effort to provide an understanding of each tradition in Brazilian filmmaking history. The paper juxtaposes these traditions to the events of the eras in which they emerged and the dual dichotomy of Brazil's political impact on filmmaking, and cinema as an impact on Brazilian society.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
The Early Years
Cinema Novo
"Vidas Secas"
"The Guns"
"Garota de Ipanema" (Girl From Ipanema", 1967)
"Terra em Transe" ("Lang in Anguish", 1967)
Third Cinema
Amacio Mazzaropi
1980s - 1990s: A Shift In Brazilian Filmmaking
"At Play in the Fields of the Lord"
Conclusion
From the Paper "The earlier works between 1930 and 1959 were creative, although the costumes relied largely on the actor's own sense of style and resources. This cinema reflected the development that the country was going through, and investment by foreign markets and banks. Between 1956 and 1961 the country experienced growth in economic output and production. Not so different than in America, where this period represented what has often been referred to as the good years for the nuclear family; in Brazil the Brazilian president, Kubitschek promised 50 years of progress in five, and he made good on his promise."
Tags: hybridity, voice, chanchada, political, popular
This paper discusses the Brazilian approach to fighting AIDS and evaluates the possibility of applying this model to the United States and other countries.
Abstract This paper explains the political process that led the Brazilian government to provide persons infected with HIV with the drugs needed to stave off the virus, giving the individual's body time to rebuild its immune system, thus stabilizing the growth of the disease within the population. The author points out that, in Brazil, any patient can walk into a government clinic, certify, and get the drugs made by the government, free of charge; whereas, in the United States, AIDS drugs are provided through the complexity of the health care infrastructure and funded by a variety of methods such as private insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, and private organizations. The paper relates that the global, commercial drug companies are fighting the Brazilian program because the price of their drugs is 72% higher than the price of the Brazilian drugs produced under the government program. Graphs.
From the Paper "The search across space and time for a solution to this problem may not have been a conscious thing. The simple glance at a newspaper article can spark the imagination and thus inspire a lesson to be drawn. Certainly, in America, we like to think of ourselves as leaders. When the title of an article proclaims a foreign nation to be a world leader, some attention is owed the topic. The question of whether the program would work in the U.S. or not must be answered second to the question of whether we should even look to Brazil in the first place. Using a matrix used by Richard Rose to test the initial question the answer may be yes."
Tags: azt, manufacture, drug, infrastructure, ffree
Abstract This paper discusses Afro-Brazilian dance forms. It looks briefly at the history and origins of the dance form and discusses its importance in understanding the culture in Brazil. The paper then focuses on specific forms of Afro-Brazilian dance. It describes each dance form, the occasion in which the dance is used and how it is performed by the dancers.
Table of Contents:
Candomble
Samba
Capoeira
From the Paper "The Candomble dancing is a ceremonial, religious dance, done during one of the numerous terreiros de candomble scattered throughout the city of Bahaia. Women wear long skirts, usually colored ones. They dance to be respectful to the orixas, or gods. "Each deity represents a given force or element in nature, and has a favourite colour and type of food. Yemanja, for example, is the goddess of the sea, who usually dresses in blue and white. The favourite colour of Oxun, the goddess of beauty, is yellow. In the religious ceremonies, practitioners dress in the colours of the orixas and place food at the altar before singing special songs and dancing precisely choreographed steps to the sacred drums. The anthropomorphic nature of the orixa allows an intimate contact between believer and deity, and the highlight of the Candomble ceremony is the epiphany, or possession, when the orixa takes over the believer's body" (Davis)"
Abstract This research explores the twin problems of deforestation and agricultural growth in the Brazilian rain forest. The research sets forth the ecological context in which these issues have arisen, as well as ways in which the problems have affected the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere of the region. It then discusses the range of past and projected responses to the problem with a view toward forecasting possible lines of development and resolution.
From the Paper "Such issues have been at work in Brazil for decades. As early as the 1950s and 1960s, partly in cooperation with UNESCO, Brazil's government undertook economic-development projects in Brazil, in Amazonia (Amazon, 1967) and in another major rain forest system called the Atlantic Forest. Such aggressive industrial development occurred in the latter region over the years that the great mass of the Atlantic Forest has all but disappeared. Only remainder patches of unspoiled lush vegetation survive in the current period, from the million-kilometer area of former times (Dean, 1997)."
Tags: Amazonia, UN, environment, Roraima, tapper, World, Bank
Abstract This paper discusses how music piracy is a rampant problem that results in enormous losses on behalf of the international music industry. It focuses on this problem in Brazil and examines possible solutions to this increasing phenomena. In order to understand why this problem is so rampant in Brazil, the writer also gives an overview of the Brazilian music market.
From the Paper "Piracy is sometimes thought by some to be a victimless crime. However, the music industry would argue to the contrary. There are enormous economic losses incurred due to piracy, and the effects are felt through all levels of the music industry. Piracy affects artists whose creativity is dispersed without credit. Governments are also affected through the loss of several millions of dollars in tax revenue. In addition, economies are deprived of new investment and consumers are given less diversity and choice in the marketplace. Moreover, record producers are left with no choice but to reduce the number of artists they produce because of the losses due to piracy (IFPI, 2002)."
Abstract The country has almost invariably been too dependent on one or two major agricultural export products, whose demand has been determined by insecure global demand and political pressures. In relative terms, poverty inequality, foreign debt, and inflation remain staggering. This paper will look at the record of Brazilian economic development in terms of these and other important indicators. Topics looked at are: 1) Brazil's Industrial-Agricultural Sector Strategy, 2) Brazil's International Trade Strategy, 3) The Public-Private Sector Strategy and then 4) A Look Towards The Future.
Abstract This paper analyzes Brazilian demographic trends and the factors that influence them, such as fertility rates, life expectancy and migration. The paper shows how over the past century Brazil's population and life expectancy have grown, while many of its citizens have migrated to urbanized areas, which has drastically reshaped the demographic centers of the country.
Outline:
Introduction
Population
Age Structure
Fertility Rates
Life Expectancy
Infant Mortality
AIDS
Migration
Urbanization
Conclusion
From the Paper "Most of the Brazilian citizens live in areas along the coastline, compared to the interior region of the country. This has resulted in the "inhabitants becoming very diverse with many races and cultures represented (http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Demographics-of-Brazil)." According to statistics from the United Nations, 10% of the population was undernourished from 1996-1998 (www.un.org). In 2003, the population of the country was more than 177 million. The "population growth rate was 1.46% from 1990-2000, compared to the estimated 0.94% in 2000 (http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Demographics-of-Brazil)." By 2004, according to the CIA factbook, the population had grown to 184,101,109 and had a growth rate of 1.11% (www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/br.html)."
Abstract This paper presents an extensive analysis of the business conditions in Brazil. The author believes that the Green-Field theory in which the company, as a wholly owned subsidiary in Brazil, sets up a new international operation that will give it firm control of the Brazilian operations and the freedom to engage in global strategic coordination with the parent company, is the best mode of entry for Synergy Shoes. The paper relates that Synergy shoes will use the best leather for durability and style by importing the leather from Haining, China, which is the leather capital of the world. The author points out that, to measure the effectiveness of the manufacturing and management processes at Synergy Shoes, a feedback program will be implemented for customers, suppliers and employees.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Comprehensive Environmental Analysis
Organization Description and Product Offering
Mission Statement
Political History of Brazil
Economic History of Brazil
Regional Alliances
Political Analysis
Economic Analysis
Cultural Analysis
Business Risk Analysis
Political Risks
Exchange and Repatriation Risks
Supply Chain Risks
E-Business Risks
Market Risks
The Legal Environment
The Tax System
Trade Barriers and Support
Global Strategy and Operations
Ethical Concerns
Entry Strategy
Strategic Marketing Goals
SWOTT Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Trends
Differentiation and Product Modification
PLC (Product Life Cycle) Issues
The Marketing Mix
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
Organization and HR Issues
Human Resource Management and Cultural factors
Supply Chain Management
Information Technology
Research and Development Strategy
Financial Overview
Sources of Financing
Investment Levels
Budgeting
Operational Feedback and Control Mechanisms
Timeline
Various Exit Strategies
Recommendations
Market Synergy Shoes as a Great Investment Opportunity
Selling the Business to a Strategic Business
Recommendations
Appendix
Budget and Organizational Chart
Timeline
Supplier Feedback Form
Customer Feedback Form
From the Paper "Synergy Shoes (Synergy), as stated earlier, will establish six retail stores located in the following cities; Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Rio Grande do Sul and Federal District. Over the next six years, Synergy will have built the retails outlets in two phases. The first phase will be in the following cities, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador. This phase will cost Synergy approximately US$ 3.5 Million per location for a total of approximately US$7.5 Million. Then, once these stores have reached profitability, the remaining three stores will be built."
Abstract This paper examines the role orange growth and marketing plays in Brazil's economy. The Brazilian citrus industry, production, growth, processing, the various differences in production, trade, prices, tariff, industry structure and key strengths and weaknesses of the Brazilian industry are discussed. The paper also focuses on the production of frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) and underlines those factors that have led to the development of this industry, including government initiatives, key drivers, success factors, the structure of the industry and its current state.
From the Paper "The world wide market for citrus fruit juices has been growing very rapidly and is expected to grow further in the years to come. These expectations are based on the changes occurring in the: ? Geographic variables ? referring to the urbanization of the population all around the world, ? Demographic variables ? higher income, better education levels, working women outside, ? Psychological and Behavioural variables ? gradual shift towards a natural and healthy lifestyle, convenience which fits very well in the juice consumption. Of the citrus fruit juice trade, the frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) is a commodity whose consumption has been increasing steadily in the past 30 years. FCOJ is traded worldwide, with vast markets in U.S., Europe and Canada. Today, the world's largest producers of oranges and FCOJ are Brazil and the U.S. Brazilian production is mostly in Sao Paul, where about 95 % of the citrus trees are grown. Brazil is the world's largest orange producer and exporter of FCOJ, a commodity that earned almost US $ 1.2 bn in trade revenue in 2001. During the marketing year 2000/01 Brazils orange production represented around 28% of the total world production. The domestic market in Brazil generally prefers fresh oranges, which are then squeezed for juice. Oranges that are processed for FCOJ are usually destined for export markets in the U.S., Europe and Asia."
Abstract This paper is an examination of the nominal exchange rates over the last 23 years in Brazil and the relative strength or weakness of the Brazilian 'real' against the dollar over these years. The paper also includes an analysis of investing in a financial instrument based on the Brazilian real and makes use of graphs and tables.
From the Paper "Brazil dealt with a "strong economic shock" in 2002, according to the Brazilian Minister of Finance and the Central Bank of Brazilian (Filho, Campos 2003). The downturn was produced by deterioration in the international economic environment plus doubts in the international financial community about the conditions of the economy of Brazil. There was brisk 3 percent GDP adjustment of the current account balance, which was led by a steep improvement in the trade surplus because the private sector responded quickly to changing economic conditions."
Abstract The paper reviews the economic status of women in Brazil. It compares employment figures from the 1970s and 1990s. The paper cites reports from Brazilian organizations for women's equality and feminism to support its claims. The paper also touches on the economic factors and their effect on infant mortality. The writer concludes that Brazilian women have a long way to go before their status approaches that of American women, but optimistically notes that some efforts are already being made to improve the situation.
From the Paper "There are some programs in Brazil are trying to make lives better for the women, and therefore make them more equal to men. One of these programs has been established in Comunidade Solidaria. Ruth Cardoso, who is not only the wife of the President of Brazil, but she is also a sociologist , set it up."
Abstract This paper discusses the book 'Futebol: The Brazilian Way of Life' by Alex Bellos. According to the paper, this book examines the influence that the game of soccer has had on the life and culture of Brazilians.
From the Paper "Soccer is arguably the most popular sport in the world, certainly so within the Western world. In Brazil, specifically, the popularity and cult devotion to the sport surge to levels unseen in much of the rest of the world. Alex Bellos charts this popularity and the ways in which soccer infuses Brazilian culture with its essence in the book Futebol: The Brazilian Way of Life. In this text, which synthesizes information from a variety of sources, Bellos examines the influence of soccer in Brazil from personal, psychological, sociological, anthropological, and historical perspectives. The result is a surprisingly readable book that treats soccer in Brazil with the same kind of awe and respect that the Brazilians themselves have for the influence of the sport in their daily lives. Bellos begins this study by first making the point that for the whole of the nation of Brazil, soccer is considered to be an art form (1)."
Abstract The paper illustrates how music is the heart of Brazil and is the foundation for many of Brazil's festivities and a focal point for religious ceremonies. The paper shows how, as the universal language, music reaches across all cultural and socio-economic boundaries and no where is this more true than in Brazil. The paper discusses Samba, the most internationally famous form of Brazilian music and the Bossa Nova genre that has become very popular within the international community. The paper contends that throughout the decades, Brazilian music has managed to attain and retain its original ethnic expression and continues to represent the heart of Brazil.
From the Paper "The 1578 "Journey to the Land of Brazil" by Jean De Lery, a French Calvinist pastor, is the source for the earliest known descriptions of Brazilian music, in which he describes the dances and transcribed the music of the Tupi people (Music). In 1587, Gabriel Soares de Sousa's "Tratado Descritivo do Brasil" depicts the music of several native Brazilian ethnic groups, including the Tamoios and Tupinambas (Music). Portugal's King Joao VI, who was a lover of music, spent a good deal of time in Brazil, and even sent for prominent European musicians to join him (Music). Among these musicians were Austrian pianist Sigismund von Neukomm and composer Marcos Portugal, while local Brazilian musician, Jose Mauricio Nunes Garcia, an organist and clavichordist, was appointed Inspector to the Royal Chapel (Music)."
Abstract This paper examines the political and diplomatic crisis between Ecuador and Brazil that was a result of Ecuador's decision to suspend the payment of a loan debt with the Brazilian bank BNDES for the construction of a hydroelectric power plant by the Oderbrecht S.A., a Brazilian private construction company. It argues that the dispute between Ecuador and Brazil may threaten the continuity of Latin America regional integration arrangements, such as the CCR, an Agreement of Credit Compensation, to boost social-economic development in the region.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Facts, Normative Ground And Context Related To The Loan Contract To Finance The San Francisco Hydroelectric Power Plant
From the Paper "The crisis between the Ecuadorian Government and Odebrecht S.A., has inevitably become a bilateral crisis involving two sovereign states. Therefore, Brazilian commercial and political interests have been negatively affected. And not only Brazilian interests are threatened, but also the interests of any Latin America country pursuing economical, social and cultural regional integration. The San Francisco hydroelectric loan contract must be interpreted in the context of Latin American economical integration and this attitude of Ecuador government of not analyzing the contract within its proper context, as a contract that influences CCR members and Brazilian and Ecuadorian interests, results may be considered as an aggression against not only Brazil but also to other CCR's State members."
