Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the executive branch of government at the federal and state level -- i.e. the presidency and the governorship. The paper studies how both use the budget as a tool. The paper investigates the principles set forth in the U.S. Constitution regarding the Executive branch, specifically the powers of the U.S. President, such as the role of Commander in Chief. The paper also looks at the broad scope of activity of governors at the state level.
Tags: governor, president, executive branch, states, federal government
Abstract This paper explores the three branches of the US federal government: legislative branch, the judicial branch and the presidential branch. Specifically, the paper looks at how this system is balanced and controlled as well as the very beginnings of the government we know today.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Three Branches of the U.S. Federal Government
The Interactions of the Three Branches of Government
The Success or Lack Thereof of the Three Branches of Government
The Choice of Strong Federal Government or State Rights?
A More Efficient Government
Conclusion
From the Paper "Our forefathers wanted to ensure that if one specific branch of government overstepped its bounds or was not operating properly that it wouldn't be able to execute its plans without the agreement of the other two branches of government. These branches were a stark difference from the all-powering rule the people had experienced under the rule of Great Britain. The government the U.S. had established was of the people, by the people and for the people and not an inherited title down an immensely long line of royal lineage."
Tags: utopian self-regulation values, decision-making power, state
Abstract The structure of the judiciary branch of the government in the United States and the United Kingdom are quite different. The paper points out that textbooks in relation to the American government and politics pay substantial attention to the role of the judiciary; while many textbooks on the government and politics of the United Kingdom have virtually ignored the role of judges in Britain. The purpose of this work is to research and examine the lack of information and attention to the role and function of the judicial branch of the British government and to compare and contrast the judicial branches of the U.S. and the United Kingdom.
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
I. The Legislative and Judicial Branch in the U.S. versus the U.K.
A. The United States
B. Great Britain
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "It is common knowledge that the Constitution of the United States is preserved very studiously in a vault that is lowered into an airtight and secure chamber each evening. The United States Constitution in its written form is a treasured patriotic document symbolically as well as in substance as it states the premises on which America was declared to be independent and free of the sovereignty of the Crown as well as stating other inalienable rights that are held to be sacred by Americans who are patriotic and love the United States. There is a pronounced difference in the form of the U.S. and British Constitution in that the British constitution is not preserved in written form as is the constitution of the United States. Instead it is formed by statute in part, by law in part, by convention in part, and can be altered by general agreement for the creation, variation or abolishing of a convention and finally may be changed. Finally the constitution may go through changes or alterations due to an Act of Parliament. Although the sections of the government in the United Kingdom can often be observed overlapping one another each part of the government has a specific role to fulfill."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the events leading up to the standoff between the FBI and the Branch Davidians and the ensuing confrontation. The paper also describes the crimes the Branch Davidian's were suspected of committing that gave the FBI the authority to go after the Branch Davidians, the aftermath of the confrontation and the criticisms leveled at the FBI for the way they handled the entire episode.
Introduction
The Immediate History
The Crime
The Confrontation
Aftermath
Excesses
From the Paper "On April 19th, 1993, the standoff between the FBI and associated agencies and the Branch Davidians, in their compound and led by their religious head David Koresh, cam to end when the wooden compound containing the Branch Davidians burned to the ground in a spectacular fire. 72 men, women and children died in the confrontation that had started the previous February 28th (Barrie-Anthony, 2002). Since then, a continuing debate considers whether the government, especially as represented by the FBI and AFT (the Department of Alcohol, Firearms and Tobacco) used excessive force: whether the situation could have possibly ended without such tremendous loss of life, which included over 20 children (Stone, 1993). The subject is a difficult one to sort out because the events are so recent and so emotional that it is hard to find reports of the incident that have been presented in an unbiased way (Ramsland, 2005)."
Abstract This paper examines the changes that have occurred in the judicial branch of the American government over the decades. It argues that under Chief Justice Marshall, the Supreme Court further established its powers using the ultimate power of the U.S. Constitution. It shows that by striving to interpret the Constitution in a broader sense, Marshall strengthened and used judicial review in his landmark cases and, most importantly, created the powerful third branch of the government that the United States maintains to this day.
From the Paper "Today, the United States judicial branch has become equally powerful as the executive and the legislative branches of the American government. Still, according to Charles Hoffer, today the people of the United States ?take for granted the tremendous power of the Supreme Court to interpret our laws and overrule any conflict found in the Constitution,? (Hoffer 3). In order to achieve the judiciary power the United States holds today, one man in particular, Chief Justice John Marshall, interpreted the Constitution in his particular manner constructing monumental decisions in a series of court cases that centralized around the concept of judicial review. Through these landmark cases, Marshall established a body of property rights that provided ?a constitutional foundation for the subsequent economic growth of the United States,? (Blum 206). Armed with judicial review, Marshall elevated the power of the judiciary by establishing the Supreme Court as the law of the land and as the final interpreter of the Constitution while he fought as an advocate to ?free business from the restraints of state and local governments, to enhance the federal role in interstate commerce, and to thereby help construct an open, vital, national economy,? (Greenberg 65)."
Abstract This paper briefly describes the 1993 raid carried out by the FBI on the Branch Davidian complex in Waco, Texas and then discusses the legal suit brought against the U.S. government by family and friends of the Branch Davidian members as a result of the raid. The paper explains that the suit filed against the FBI accused them of acting recklessly and thereby endangering the lives of the people on the Davidian complex. The paper describes the legal issues brought up in the trial, developments in the trial and the final decision that cleared the FBI agents.
From the Paper "In 1994, more than 200 family and friends of the men and women killed in the 1993 fire filed a federal lawsuit against the U.S. government in the order of $100 million dollars. The plaintiffs claimed that the fires which killed the cult followers were the result of the careless and unprofessional actions of federal agents. The plaintiffs also claimed that when FBI and other agents fired pyrotechnic tear gas into the building, several of the canisters ignited, sparking the fires that killed everyone inside, and that the FBI later blocked fire trucks from the scene. Lawyers who represented various families of the dead alleged that the FBI conduct showed a "reckless disregard for life.""
Abstract This paper explains that the constitutional system of checks and balances has served the country well over the years, notwithstanding its original intent to avoid majoritarian power. The author points out that the amount of power wielded by one branch of the federal government compared to the others has tended to swing from one extreme to another, expanding in scope and power until brought under control by the checks and balances of the others. The paper relates that, since 9/11, the president has emerged as the temporary heavyweight champion among the three branches of government today; however, when the real and perceived threats to the nation's interests have been resolved, it would seem certain that the system of checks and balances would provide the impetus needed to once again diminish the powers of an "imperial presidency".
From the Paper "According to "Black's Law Dictionary" (1990), checks and balances are an "arrangement of government powers whereby powers of one governmental branch check or balance those of other branches." This separation of powers, of course, has been a fundamental feature of the American federal government from the outset, but the intent, purpose and net effect of this approach has not been exactly what the Founders may have envisioned. When the nation's Founders gathered to forge a constitution, Goldwin and Schambra (1980) suggest that the checks and balances provisions that were adopted were not intended to keep the forces of government under control but were rather intended to keep the popular majority from exercising any substantive degree of influence over its operation."
Tags: majoritarian, checks, balances, 9/11, control
This paper analyzes the theme of federalist government in the United States, contending that the Judiciary branch of government is harmful to the country.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, 2005, $ 26.95
Abstract In this paper, Hamilton presents a weak argument on the validity of the separation of powers between the Supreme Court and the Presidency. The paper shows how Lazarus presents many arguments that show a direct relationship between corrupt Supreme Court judges and legal cases that interfere with a healthy form of republican government. The paper explains that in this regard, the most dangerous branch may in fact be the Judicial Branch as it wields the decisive and unlimited power over law within state and federal divisions.
From the Paper "This study will argue about the danger to the American Republic that the Judiciary branch of government offers in the current affairs of the country. By analyzing Alexander Hamilton's argument for the judiciary branch alongside that of Simon Lazarus in his article "The Most Dangerous branch," one can realize the political power that the Federal high courts can impose in relation to power over legislation. In this manner, the Federal judiciary branch is a current danger to the Federalist system that Hamilton implies in the Federalist Papers."
Abstract This paper considers types of monarchies, Republican systems and authoritarian and communitarian as examples of the executive branch of government.
Abstract This paper examines the basic functions of the institutions of American government. The paper addresses among other things the formal responsibilities of the national governmental institutions, the development of each branch of government over the past 200 years, and how each branch of government specifically relates to and interacts with the other two branches. The presidency is also examined in terms of public perception. Lastly, the court system is analyzed with specific attention paid to the Supreme Court. Judicial review and the different ways justices perform this function of the Supreme Court are discussed in detail.
From the paper:
"With the birth of this nation the framers set up a government that they believed would be effective while completely preventing one person from possessing too much authority. Nonetheless, government under the Articles of Confederation showed the need for a relatively strong centralized government. Therefore, the framers established a separation of powers in the Constitution where three branches of government would split the power. Each branch has defined responsibilities and at the same time the branches cooperate in order to ensure the country runs smoothly."
Abstract This paper compares the California Government to the Federal Government. It discusses the United States executive branch, (the presidency), the United States Congress (the legislative branch), the United States federal court system and the federal bureaucracy. The paper then compares the running of the federal government to the California government with regards to its executive branch, the legislative process and the judicial system.
Table of Contents:
The Executive Branch The Legislative Branch The Judicial Branch
From the Paper "One thing that helps keep a separation of power between the three branches is the President's limited lawmaking abilities. The president can recommend laws and changes to laws, but he cannot implement them. Only the Congress can do that. He can however, veto laws that Congress passes and he finds unacceptable. This keeps any one of the three branches from having too much power or influence over the others."
Abstract This paper examines how the powers between the President and Congress are defined in the U.S. Constitution. The paper begins with an overview of the powers of the Executive Branch as outlined in Article II of the Constitution. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the Legislative Branch's exact powers and discusses why the process is divided into three forms of legislation. The paper also discusses that the reason so much power was given to Congress was to guarantee that the needs of the people were adequately addressed and respected. This basic philosophy is one of checks and balances, where the Congress can make the laws, but it is only the President, or Executive Branch that can enforce these laws in order to insure that the country remains a democracy.
From the Paper "Where Congress can fund and form a military, the President is the Commander in Chief of all the armed forces. As such, he has the power to decide when and were military forces are sent and how they are employed. The significance of this power has been demonstrated in conflicts from Vietnam until now where the President has routinely utilized military powers to assert American will around the world without first getting the approval of congress. The President also has the power to grant reprieves and pardons, to make treaties, to create and manage agencies that form the various functional enforcement system (enforcement of legislation). The President is granted the power to appoint, under congressional review, individuals to the cabinet (Federalist Papers 67-77)."
This paper discusses the concept, history and application of "Checks and Balances", the system that gives constitutional controls of the separate branches of government in a way that one branch will not have more power over the others.
Abstract This paper states that, although the Federal Constitution of the United States with its "Checks and Balances" makes it the best-known and most democratic system in the world today, most governments, even dictatorial ones, have a similar mechanism to balance the exercise of power among its branches. The author feels that the U.S. Constitution was and will be a reaction piece to events that happen to the people. This paper concludes that power must be controlled and accounted for: It is not only a right and a privilege but also, more so, a responsibility.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Checks and Balances in the Legislative Branch The System and the People's Rights
The System and the Judiciary
A Brilliant System in Present Times
From the Paper "The system has been tested by actual situations. After the Civil War, President Andrew Johnson vetoed 20 bills (Anonymous), after which Congress overrode more than 20 bills vetoed by the President. In 1918, Congress turned down the Treaty of Versailles, which then President Woodrow Wilson worked hard for. The Treaty was to end World War I. In 1935 to 1936, Supreme Court declared that the NIRA and the AAA, New Deal programs passed by the Roosevelt Administration, were unconstitutional. Likewise, former President Ronald Regan appointed Judge Robert Bork to the Supreme Court, but his appointment or nomination was rejected by Congress."
Abstract With internet technology allowing for easy communication between remote locations, telecommuting becomes a feasible option for many organizations. Telecommuting is also becoming a popular option for employees, with this method of working allowing for better management of work and family demands, greater flexibility in time management, and fewer of the stresses that are associated with the work environment. This paper shows that, in theory, it appears that telecommuting is an option that is beneficial to all concerned. However, telecommuting does not always provide the many benefits expected. This paper considers and compares the option of remotely-based sales management to branch-based management, point-by-point, and the overall benefits of each are discussed. This research report determines the motivation and effectiveness of telecommuting workers and non-telecommuting workers. The study looks specifically at sales account managers employed by G.E. Capital, with the information obtained used to determine whether account managers based remotely are more motivated and effective than those who are branch-based. When overall motivation levels of the two working options are compared, remotely-based sales account managers are found to be more motivated and effective than branch-based sales account managers.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Research Objectives
Scope and Limitations
Research and Methodology
Definition
Hypotheses
Hypothesis Number One
Hypothesis Number Two
Hypothesis Number Three
Motivators
Employee Motivators
Company Motivators
Negatives for the Company
Negatives for the Employee
Telecommuting Background
New Paradigms
Factors Influencing the Leap to Cyberspace
Results of all these Factors
The Downside Risks
Training for Success
Developing Successful Telecommuting Arrangements
Telecommuting Satisfaction
Supervisory Support
Child Care
Family Disruptions
Life Satisfaction Factors
Conclusion
Appendix A: Tips for Smoothly Implementing a Telecommuting Program Appendix B: Ground Rules for Successful Telecommuting
Appendix C: Tips for Making Telecommuting Productive
From the Paper "In fact, some companies are using electronic check-in procedures. In the United States, the federal government's General Services Administration (GSA), the government's office and telecommunications supply service, has implemented a plan in which employees can telecommute by using any of 17 office stations closer to their homes than the Crystal City, Virginia, main site. Workers using the system have reported more time and less stress in their lives. They also feel they are more productive. It is easy for supervisors to verify such claims. In the Nilles-type scenario, when workers arrive, they swipe a magnetic card through a scanner to enter the center. When workers reach their workstations, they type in several passwords to access personal telework centers and the GSA computer accounts they need."
Abstract This paper looks at three major North American cults and how they were founded, led and maintained. Their beliefs, leaders, members, roots and practises are outlined. The three cults are the Branch Davidians, Peoples Temple and the Solar Temple.
Outline
Introduction
I. The Branch Davidians
A. History
1. Victor Houteff.
2. Florence Houteff
3. Before Howell
B. David Koresh
1. David Koresh (Vernon Howell)
2. Koresh's Beliefs
C. The Branch Davidian Religion
1. Beliefs
2. Practises
3. The End
II. The People's Temple
A. Jim Jones and his Dream
1. Jim Jones
2. The People's Temple
B. The People's Temple as a Religion
1. Theories and Beliefs
2. Practises
C. Negative Aspects
1. Manipulation
2. Jonestown
III. The Order of the Solar Temple
A. The Founders
1.Joseph DiMambro
2.Luc Jouret
B. Religious Structure and History
C. The Solar Temple as a Religion
1. The 7 Rules
2. Beliefs
3. The Solar Temple's Demise
Conclusion
Appendix A. Additional Pictures
Appendix B Interview with Prof. Rabinovitch
Bibliography
From the Paper "In the beginning, the People's Temple was based on Christian values and beliefs, over time Jones theories were what the People's Temple were based upon. The Bible was used less frequently, while Jones had several theories, which could be dismissed as insane. Jones believed he was the reincarnation of Jesus Christ, Buddha, Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. Jones also theorised that fascists were going to take over America. He believed that the People's Temple would be singled out, because vandals and racists harassed the Church while it was based in Indianapolis. (The Devil's Party, 67) In addition, Jones proposed Revolutionary suicide, which means his followers would die in the name of himself."
