Abstract This paper explains that sucking on the thumb or other fingers is considered a very normal and accepted behavior in infants in Western culture until about age five; but, in some non-Western cultures, such as the African or Native American cultures, this habit may be less common or even missing. The author points out that a major concern about thumb sucking is health risks, including ingesting poison accidentally, infected fingernails, calluses, crooked finger, unlimited access of viruses and bacteria to the mouth, and dental problems. This paper stresses that perhaps the most appropriate way to approach thumb sucking is to provide a comfortable, nurturing, stimulating, and healthy environment for infants from the very beginning to prevent the child seeking finger-sucking as comfort.
From the Paper "Additionally, the mouth is used by infants especially as one of the primary tools of exploration and discovery, as the child becomes accustomed to his or her environment and learns about the surrounding world. Other children may acquire the habit of thumb sucking from observing other children, during the toddler stages especially, and may be influenced to begin sucking from other children in daycare or on the playground and mimicking this behavior, or by observing an older sibling or relative that sucks on his or her thumb. Thumb sucking is considered to be normal until the age of four or five, depending on the developmental stage of the child, and if the habit is stopped by this age there are generally no physical or mental health problems caused by it."
Abstract This paper discusses Alan Cohen's 2002 motivational work entitled, "Why Your Life Sucks and What You Can Do about It." The paper discusses the style and relevance of the book and critiques its content and the way that it was written. The paper concludes that the book is an excellent reminder of what each person is capable of, what they can aspire to, what they can hope for and what they deserve.
From the Paper "Why Your Life Sucks and What You Can Do About It could prove valuable for someone who is truly dissatisfied with their lives or for someone who has the general malaise of the discontented. Cohen combines practical, sage advice with credible supportive stories to make this book an easy read, but it should not be a fast read. There's plenty to absorb. Some readers will need to put quotes on post-its and have them near by to reference. For others, it may be a more natural infusion and can be memorable enough without physical reminders of they may consider the "gems" of Why Your Life Sucks and What You Can Do About It."
Abstract This paper explores the strengths and weaknesses of the 19th century Orphan Train Movement. It gives a history of the movement, including the factors that contributed to its establishment. It looks at the reasons for the large number of orphans in New York and mentions the importance of the work of Reverend Charles Loring Brace. It also traces what happened to the children after their transportation and follows up on some of the orphan train riders still alive today.
From the Paper "The Orphan Train Movement beginning in the nineteenth century was an attempt to correct certain social problems by moving orphaned children from New York to states further West, notably to Missouri, Indiana, and Kansas. The intent was to give these children a better life than they would have roaming the streets of New York or living in an orphanage. For some, what they found was a better life, but for others, the result was often a form of indentured servitude for families who had taken them in and who expected them to work in return. Another consequence was that many of these children were cut off from all ties to whatever families they might have had and to their family history, for records were not well kept and have often been lost entirely. The program was set into motion by the Reverend Charles Loring Brace, and among the reasons were an increase in population due to immigration and a growth in crime, poverty, and disease in New York."
Abstract This paper will examine the Toronto Star article "Europe is Braced for the Euro" from a historical point of view. The first task will be to examine the article's main points. Then, the article will be discussed from the point of view of how it fits into the earlier developments of the plans and visions of Europeans to join together in an economic union in order to solve "local" problems and in order to become a stronger economic force in the world.
Abstract This extensive paper compares "Northanger Abbey" by Jane Austen, "Louisa" by Elizabeth Herley, "The Mysteries of Udolpho" by Ann Radcliffe and "Silly Novels" by Lady Novelists by George Elliot. It analyzes their attitudes to women placing it in a historical context.
From the paper:
Jane Austen is often thought of as a writer whose works provide a refreshing and bracing antidote to the common literary themes of overheated romance and destiny. Her novels often revolve around the plot of two or three women who are unlucky, then lucky at love?but with an ironic twist that fundamentally deflates commonly accepted mores and notions of deeply held romantic cliches such as love at first sight. (In Austen's most famous novel, Pride and Prejudice, the main romantic hero and heroine, Elizabeth Bennett and Mr. Darcy hate rather than love one another at first sight.)"
From the Paper "Pedro Calderon de la Barca y Henao shows what is ephemeral in existence and, at the same time, demonstrates the divine and eternal aspects of human life in his play La Vida Es Sueno. The title of the baroque Spanish play is usually translated into English as Life is a Dream, but (like all translations) this is somewhat misleading. A more accurate rendition of Barca's intent might be a line known to children in English-speaking countries throughout time and across the world: "Life Is But a Dream." The line from the children's round of "Row, Row, Row Your Boat" and Barca's play reflect the same essential philosophy about the world, in which spiritual goodness and nobility are the only real things that one can know: Everything else that happens in life is of no true consequence and may be relied upon only as much as we..."
Abstract This paper explains that smart materials are devices, which can sense various stimuli from outer environment such as thermal, electrical and magnetic changes and can respond accordingly; basically, they are materials that sense and respond like living things. The author points out that two families of passive seismic control devices exploiting the peculiar properties of SMA kernel components have been implemented and tested within the MANSIDE project (Memory Alloys for New Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation Devices: Special braces for framed structures and isolation devices for buildings and bridges. The paper states that, with these smart materials, engineers are able to build the best and safest structures where possible catastrophic changes in the environment are sensed and precautions are taken directly. 10 figures.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What is a Smart Material?
Types of Smart Materials
Classification Based on Input
Electrical Fields
Thermal Fields
Magnetic Fields
Comparison Based on Output
Strain
Changes in Other Properties
Applications
In Civil Engineering
Uses of Shape Memory Alloys
Smart Concrete
In Other Areas
Conclusion
From the Paper "The first experimental demonstration of the piezoelectric properties in relation to crystal structure was published in 1880 by Pierre and Jacques Curie. This effect was considered quite important and was referred to as "piezoelectricity" in order to distinguish it from other areas of scientific phenomenological experience such as "pyroelectricity" (electricity generated from crystals by heating). As an aside, piezoelectrics also tend to be pyroelectrics. The Curie brothers did not predict that crystals exhibiting the direct piezoelectric effect (electricity from applied stress) would also exhibit the converse piezoelectric effect (stress in response to applied electric field). This property was mathematically deduced and hypothesized by Lippmann in 1881. The Curies then confirmed the existence of the converse effect, and continued on to obtain quantitative proof of the complete reversibility of mechanical deformations in piezoelectric crystals."
Abstract This paper discusses adolescent idiopathic scoliosis which is defined as a lateral spinal curvature of greater than 10 degrees and for which no pathological cause can be determined and the initial assessment focuses on the identification of any treatable underlying pathology. According to the paper, this condition is probably genetic. The paper further discusses the symptoms of the condition and related problems.
From the Paper "For patients with a curve severe enough to require surgery (greater than 45 degrees in adolescents and greater that 50 degrees in adults), rod placement and bone grafting may be necessary to achieve partial or complete correction (Greiner). Surgical intervention may improve the curve, unlike bracing that is intended merely to stop curve progression (Bassett). Arthrodesis, or fusion, of the vertebrae in the corrected position will keep the spine in the corrected position (Bassett). Bone is usually taken from the iliac crest to use as bone graft and to facilitate spinal fusion, however allograft bone may also be used (Bassett). Usually, fusion of the spine becomes solid about six months postoperatively, and then the majority of patients are permitted to resume normal physical activities (Bassett). "
Abstract This paper presents a detailed case study and report on the technical issues that need to be considered in facade retention with internal demolition of the Edward England Potato Warehouse in Cardiff, Wales. The writer describes the site and the problems it presents to those interested in preserving or developing it. The writer also outlines the essential equipment and steps for installing a facade retention system, and for internal demolition and the erection of a new internal frame. In addition, the writer discusses alternative options such as refurbishment and total demolition. This paper contains a figure and a table.
Outline:
Introduction
Site Investigation
Desk Top Study
Walk over Survey
Geotechnical Survey
Performance Evaluation
Long Term Monitoring
Defects list
Pre Specification Survey
Facade Retention System, Restrictions and Demolition
Facade Retention: Information Required
Restrictions
Facade Retention Ideas
West Bute Avenue Elevation
East Water Front Elevation
South Park Elevation
North Herbert Street Elevation
Cleaning, Repair and Protection
Demolition
Implications of Basement and Underpinning
Underpinning
Implication and Consideration of Basement Installation
Method Statement
Conclusion
Appendix A: Ariel Photograph of site
From the Paper "In order to provide detailed design solutions for method of facade retention for a building, essential information must be gathered and analysed first. The information needed includes: condition of the facade, bearing capacity of the soil, wind load factors, deflection limits, wall thickness of facade and impact load (for minimization). Scientific calculations will be made to determine placement, size and type of retention system and system foundation to provide ample support for facade during demolition, and avoiding facade damage and collapse. As so much technical information is required to design a solution, the following section simply discusses possible solutions and ideas to complement site conditions."
Abstract This research paper discusses the possibility of capitalizing on the wasted power of human locomotion by harvesting energy from it. The scientific principle behind energy harvesting devices is explained; with the use of piezoelectric materials, which can be crystals, ceramics, and polymers, an electrical potential is generated when mechanical force is applied. The author goes on to introduce some of these energy harvesting devices such as knee braces and wearable backpacks before discussing the pros and cons of each device. The paper concludes that although small human locomotion-powered generators are not yet ready for the mainstream with furthering advances in materials, design, and electronics we may all someday be generating power as we walk. This paper includes figures.
From the Paper "A third approach for mounting generators on people comes in the form of a wearable backpack. This device would use the constant up-and-down motion of a person walking to drive an electromagnetic generator. A weight inside the backpack is suspended on springs and oscillates with each step. This detail of operation reveals another benefit of a backpack-style generator: as the weight is suspended on springs it doesn't travel completely with the body as a fixed weight would. Instead the weight only travels a portion of the distance of the backpack, meaning that it is not necessary for the wearer to lift it as high as normal with each step."
The Hemingway Code uses Ernest Hemingway's piece 'A Farewell to Arms' to discuss what it is to be a hero and how successful the characters are at dealing with the injustices of life.
2,207 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, 2002, $ 68.95
Abstract This paper sets out to discuss Ernest Hemingway's novels and short stories conceptualizing his ideas of heroes facing life's harshness with dignity and grace which culminate in the Hemingway Code. The essay traces his works as well as various feminist scholars, but focuses on Hemingway's famous piece 'A Farewell to Arms' which the paper analyzes, especially in reference to the heroine Catherine Barkley.
From the Paper Catherine does more than simply face unpleasant facts; she takes appropriate action as well. Her demeanor is calm and matter-of-fact, whether the activity in question involves giving Frederic an enema before surgery, dealing with an unplanned pregnancy, or helping Frederic escape to Switzerland to avoid imprisonment and execution. And, as she steadily handles one crisis after another, she continues to reassure her lover. "You mustn"t mind, darling,? she says about the baby, ?I"ll try and not make trouble for you" (138). Later, as they escape to Switzerland, she says fondly, "You"re such a silly boy. But I"ll look after you" (251).
Abstract The following paper discusses the exciting course of the history of one of the world's most prominent and influential countries ? Japan. It examines Japan's days through simple life in the ancient times (Yayoi, Jomon, and Heian periods) to years of civil unrest during the Feudal times, dominated by constant warfare for the position of ultimate power ? shogun. This paper also looks at Japan's culture, her people and her ideology, as time passes into the Meiji restoration. The writer discusses Japan's fierce struggle for global prominence as she tries to expand beyond her tiny island nation onto mainland Asia, only to be sucked into the global conflict of World War II. The writer reflects on the country's vital role in this war, and analyzes her sad defeat and ultimate rebirth out of one of the darkest periods in history. The paper also has a brief summary of Japanese history from the 1970's to the present day.
From the Paper "The Japanese archipelago was first inhabited more than 100,000 years ago, when it still comprised part of the continental Asian land mass. Archaeological discoveries indicate that the ancient people of this time (The Old Stone Age or Paleolithic Age) survived on a very basic diet provided through daily hunting and gathering. The New Stone, or Neolithic age, dating at 10,000 years BC, is characterized by the manufacture of refined stone implements, the development of advanced hunting techniques using bows and arrows, and the production of earthenware containers for cooking and storing food. This age ushered in the Jomon period (around 8000 to 300 BC) so named after the jomon (cord-marked) style of pottery which originated during this time. Agriculture, primarily rice planting, and metalworking techniques were introduced from mainland Asia around 300 BC, towards the end of the period. The native peoples of Japan now began incorporating farming tools, metal weapons and bronze swords, and mirrors into their daily life and culture. The new machinery helped increase agricultural production, mirrors were used in religious rituals, and the newfound weapons helped settle any domestic disputes between rival Japanese tribes."
Abstract This paper explores horror actor Peter Cushing's ancestral ties with Sir Henry Irving, the great English stage actor and Bram Stoker, the author of Dracula, in the context of the English stage and Irving's tours of America, from 1881 to 1889. It examines Bram Stoker's work in April of 1912, that used a new medium of artistic expression and brought Stoker his posthumous fame--the motion picture industry which catapulted Stoker's Gothic novel to the darkest realms of cinematic exploitation and created a new cultural icon in the form of a blood-sucking, malevolent human monster known as Count Dracula.
From the Paper "While Ellen Terry and Henry Irving enjoyed some days of quiet and peace in the privacy of their drawing-rooms and staterooms, the rest of the (touring) company, the tons of scenery, the hundreds of costumes, the 1,200 wigs, the small-part actors, the supers and Bram Stoker, were sailing to America in a slow boat called The City of Rome." Although this quote from Madeleine Bingham's 1978 biography Henry Irving and the Victorian Theatre seems at first glance rather superficial, two specific points deserve closer examination--first, Henry Irving, the legendary British thespian, the Sir Laurence Olivier of his time, who dominated the English stage for more than thirty years and was the first actor to be knighted 1, and actress Ellen Terry, his longtime leading lady, must have thought of themselves as blue-blood royalty, due to sailing to America from Liverpool in October of 1883 aboard the luxurious steamship Britannic on their first U.S. tour; and second, as the remainder of the company trudged along on that "slow boat" The City of Rome, Irving's business manager, the Dublin-born Bram Stoker, apparently was not considered as deserving of better quarters during the long voyage across the Atlantic to the theatrical citadel of New York City. However, this may have been in Stoker's favor, for it is quite possible while separated from Irving's manic desire for control that Stoker retreated to his conjoined cabin ( No. 100, a few steps from the promenade bar 2 ) and took pen in hand to scribble in a "dogeared notebook (with) hieroglyphical entries in thick, half-obliterated pencil," 3 more notes concerning his ten years of research into the occultic sciences."
Abstract The paper discusses that ,for most students on campus, drug use can be a recreational, experimental adventure, occasionally "done" at social gatherings. It argues that those who dabble in drugs are jeopardizing much more than the legal ramifications of getting caught. For the unfortunate few, it can be the beginning of a terrifying world of addiction. Experimenting with drugs, in truth, is like playing Russian roulette. Both are deadly games with eventual casualties. The paper uses persuasive argument to show that the disease of addiction is progressive - that one begins by smoking a little "weed" or popping a few pills and eventually the drug will handle the user.
From the Paper "In recent news releases, cigarette smoking among college students is over 20 percent. Also, excessive drinking at Penn States main campus this past summer deployed riot police, curfews and criminal charges. Alcohol and tobacco, which are both addictive, are unfortunately socially acceptable and legal. In the city of Philadelphia, an unscrupulous physician is arrested for writing out pain prescriptions for addicts on a regular basis. Amish youths were likewise busted for selling cocaine in Lancaster County. Is no place sacred? Is no one immune?"
Abstract This paper discusses how many believe the root cause of the dot-com crash was overvaluation of stock prices relative to the actual underlying value of the companies themselves. It explains that stocks of internet companies traded at Price-Earning ratios of higher then 30, buoyed by a speculative bubble. When reality set in for investors, many realized that the companies that they were so heavily invested in were little more then money sucking black holes with no upside potential in the near or long term future. It explains how this in turn triggered mass sell-offs of not only internet related stocks but soon impacted the market value of many companies associated with computer, network or telecommunications industries. This paper shows, in fact, that overvaluation was more a symptom of the speculative boom and was only one of the multi-faceted factors that contributed to the internet boom turning into the Internet bust.
From the Paper "The casualty numbers for dot-com mania are staggering. In the year since April 2000, the technology-heavy Nasdaq has lost more than $2 trillion in value. Once high flying companies like Excite.com, have disappeared off of the charts, busted, bankrupt and out of business. During the last 36 months, 93,079 Internet-related jobs have been cut nationwide (Cassidy 2002). At least 4,854 Internet companies have either been acquired or have shut down in the three years since the dot.com investment boom peaked in the first quarter of 2000. Of these 4,854 plus Internet companies, at least 962 of them have been substantial Internet companies who have either shut down or declared bankruptcy. Unemployment figures for the San Francisco bay area, once the engine that drove the Internet economy to dazzling heights, now hovers around 7 percent (U.S. Department of Labor)."
