Abstract
This paper discusses the underperformance of boys at reading and language skills in comparison to girls. The essay provides a critical exploration of the issues in the debate, and argues the thesis that the underperformance of boys at reading and language skills in comparison to girls is a consequence of systemic gender stereotyping in our society as a whole.
Outline:
Introduction
Boys and Reading: The Critical Context
Boys and Reading: The Stereotype
Boys and Reading: What Can Educators Do?
Analysis

From the Paper
"Among contemporary teaching professionals, one of the most compelling issues of our time is that of the underperformance of boys at reading and language skills in comparison to girls. This is a particularly controversial issue, as it follows upon a very similar concern in the discipline some years before regarding the underperformance of girls in particular subjects. Moreover, as any review of the literature on the subject will reveal, the complex and controversial issues of gender stereotyping, and how we as a society understand, construct and/or shape masculinity, lie at the core of the debate."

Tags:skills, controversial, society, masculinity

Abstract
This paper presents a critical exploration of boys' consistent underperformance of boys at reading and language skills in comparison to girls.According to the paper, it is a consequence of systemic gender stereotyping in our society. The paper additionally notes that while this problem has recently entered the popular consciousness, in reality it has existed for decades.

From the Paper
"Among contemporary teaching professionals, one of the most compelling issues of our time is that of the underperformance of boys at reading and language skills in comparison to girls. This is a particularly controversial issue, as it follows upon a very similar concern in the discipline some years before regarding the underperformance of girls in particular subjects. Moreover, as any review of the literature on the subject will reveal, the complex and controversial issues of gender..."

Tags:boys, reading, education

Abstract
This paper explains that social psychology knowledge leads to the identification and challenge of gender stereotypes, to the identification of other ways of thinking about stereotypes and to the breaking of stereotypes. The author points out that an experimental design can be drawn to test the hypotheses that there is a difference in gender stereotypes for higher position and lower position employees and that there is the possibility that human resources management employees are more prejudiced by (more affected by) concerns about gender roles. The paper suggests a questionnaire describing an ambiguous workplace situation, which is followed by a series of specific questions to be rated on a five-point Likert scale.

From the Paper
"The study of social psychology can be of a great help to identify the stereotypes and the way they interact with our lives. A great body of research suggests that stereotypes are implicit, unconscious. In the workplace, however, they are more obvious, due to the fact that they appear repeatedly, and generate aversive behaviors as an outcome of unfairness. This is also true in socio-political context. Because stereotypes are implicit, the social psychology research and methods or simply the great amount of information on this subject would be very helpful for at least to gain awareness on the existence of such processes."

Tags:hiring, questionnaire, likert, managerial, hypothesis

Abstract
This paper discusses television broadcast news anchors, focusing on gender stereotyping in televised news. The paper focuses on the greater attention given to female anchors based on their gender, appearance and wardrobe. Additionally, the paper also notes the fact that women anchors or co-anchors were rare in TV news. The paper includes a fact sheet.

From the Paper
"Historically broadcast news anchors have been men and in the earliest days of television these men often came from radio. Television offered the potential of combining video images with the anchor, something that consumers were used to seeing in newsreels. Women entered the anchor chair of broadcast network news when Barbara Walters teamed with Harry Reasoner. Connie Chung later also took on a co-anchor role. Neither of these formats lasted, despite the success of Huntley-Brinkley in the..."

Tags:media, gender, stereotyping, news, anchors, newscasters, TV, Katie Couric, Connie Chung

Abstract
This paper explains that Susan Brownmiller in "Femininity" deals with stereotypes of the female gender by accepting restrictions that are put on woman to be considered feminine; Richard Rodriguez in "Complexion" deals with stereotypes of how a male should behave as a Spanish-American male. The author points out that a commonality in the books is the telling of fairy tales or myths to convey proper gender behavior. The paper reveals that both stories presented a unique insight into gender roles: Brownmiller talks about how men are like forks and knifes and women are like spoons, and Rodriguez talks about the three F's-- "feo", "fuerte", and formal--and the importance they held in his ethnic background.

From the Paper
"In "Femininity", Susan Brownmiller describes how the fairy tales that were read to her at night taught her gender roles. In "Complexion", Richard Rodriguez states that, "Even today, when so much about the myth of the macho no longer concerns me, I cannot evade such notions." Another commonality is that both authors' parents and the people they are around teach the authors about gender ideas by the way the speak, their actions, and their behaviors. In "Femininity", Susan Browmiller asks "Did my loving, anxious mother, who dressed me in white organdy pinafores and Mary Janes and who cried hot tears when I got them dirty, give me my first instructions," and "Did my doting aunts and uncles with their gifts of pretty dolls and miniature tea sets had to my education?""

Tags:restrictions, spanish-american, macho, pinafores, myths

Abstract
This paper explores the factors influencing gender stereotyping in five-year-old subject Hadley. It includes an overview of the psychological literature pertaining to said stereotyping, a transcript of the interview with Hadley, and an analysis of the interview in the context of adherence to stereotypes.
Outline
Introduction
Method
Results
Overview of Results
Discussion
Sources

From the Paper
"Many studies document the adherence of young children to gender stereotypes (Berk, Textbook, 521). Even children only eighteen months old display some implicit knowledge of gender stereotypes (Berk, 521). By two years, these stereotypes often become deeply ingrained as a component of gender identity (Kuhn, et al., 1978). As children reach ages where beliefs can be more reliably measured, stereotyping emerges as an exceptionally clear component of the social maturing process. In late childhood, some stereotypes become more firmly implanted, while others appear to weaken (Garret and Ein, 1977; Etaugh and Duits, 1990). While these processes clearly undergo fluctuations and shifts in emphasis, gender stereotyping undoubtedly constitutes a major aspect of normal development, and a significant portion of this development includes increased sensitivity toward the symbolic nature of the world, including toward the importance of color."

Tags:barbie, boy, boys, children, dolls, gender, girl, girls, interview, psychology, research, soldier, stereotype, stereotypes, stereotyping

Abstract
This paper briefly discusses the problematic issue of gender stereotyping on TV and states that television advertisements and programs are listed as very suggestible, persuasive elements of everyday life that do help form and strengthen gender stereotypes.

From the Paper
"Images of men and women on television are often based on stereotypical roles of males and females in society. From the beginning of our lives, culture teaches us what it means to be a boy or a girl. From the color of clothes to the toys we play with, the messages start at an early age. Young people are influenced by a variety of messages to conform to a variety of expectations, to buy certain products, and to preserve a specific set of values that stress the differences between males and females."

Tags:advertisement, male, female

Abstract
The paper explores two short stories, "Boys and Girls" by Alice Munro and "Girl" by Jamaica Kincaid, and outlines how gender stereotypes are presented in each story. The paper shows how the two stories both say something about the domestic expectations of the family; they are the ones, in short, who look after the domestic hearth. Additionally, the paper explains that both stories discuss how women are confined to a certain, narrow part of human endeavour; as well, the concept of male superiority emerges in quite interesting ways in each narrative. Finally, the paper discusses how both stories look at how women are perceived as servants who do the monotonous chores that men do not wish to do. The paper concludes that the major difference between the two short stories is that Munro deliberately sets out to craft a rebellious tom-boy whilst Kincaid merely offers a catalogue of all the injunctions women must endure.

From the Paper
"The following paper will explore two short stories, "Boys and Girls" by Alice Munro and "Girl" by Jamaica Kincaid, and outline how gender stereotypes are presented in each story. First of all, the two stories both say something about the domestic expectations of the family; they are the ones, in short, who look after the domestic hearth. Additionally, both stories discuss how women are confined to a certain, narrow part of human endeavour; as well, the concept of male superiority emerges in quite interesting ways in each narrative. Finally, both stories look at how women are perceived as servants who do the monotonous chores that men do..."

Tags:gender, stereotypes, girl

Abstract
This paper raises the question of whether there is a relationship between gender stereotypes in children's books and a child's perception of gender. The analysis is based on a qualitative review of research articles.

From the Paper
"This study sought to determine the existence of the relationship between gender stereotypes in children's books and children's perceptions of gender. The exploration of this topic involved a qualitative review of research articles that addressed this topic from multiple perspectives. Several research studies that focused on measuring the gender representations in children's books were based on the premise that the presence of gender stereotypes in books automatically translates into children's gender stereotypical perceptions. However, the remaining research studies suggested that children's gender perceptions played a stronger role in shaping..."

Tags:Is, there, a, relationship, between, gender, stereotypes, in, children's, books, and, a, child's, perception, of, gender?

Abstract
This paper examines how MacDonald uses gender bending and variations on sexuality to challenge and ultimately undermine gender stereotype in her play, "Goodnight Desdemona." According to the paper, she does this primarily through the character of Constance, who is the focus of this essay. As will be shown, Constance rises to her full human potential in this play, and in so doing, undermines the gender stereotypes which often function to deny a fully rounded personality to people.

From the Paper
"In her play Goodnight Desdemona (Good Morning Juliet) MacDonald uses gender bending and variations on sexuality to challenge and ultimately undermine gender stereotype. She does this primarily through the character of Constance, so this character will be the focus of this essay. As will be shown, Constance rises to her full human potential in this play, and in so doing, undermines the gender stereotypes which often function to deny a fully rounded personality to people. As the play opens, we have no reason to suspect that Constance Ledbelly will soon be undermining gender stereotypes. On the contrary, she is..."

Tags:macdonald, gender, stereotypes